Li Shangyin
I wonder why my inlaid harp has fifty strings,
each with its flower-like fret an interval of youth.
the sage Chuangzi is day-dreaming, bewitched by butterflies,
the spring-heart of Emperor Wang is crying in a cuckoo.
mermen weep their pearly tears down a moon-green sea,
blue fields are breathing their jade to the sun.
and a moment that ought to have lasted for ever,
has come and gone before I knew.
Note:
Gusser has fifty strings. Column, a pillar for adjusting the pitch of strings; When you think about reading, you can't have three flat tones in a row because of the rhyme. Lantian: In the southeast of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, it is a famous producer of jade in ancient times.
Brief analysis:
This poem belongs to a work recalled in his later years. Although it is a little hazy, it has always been told by people.
The poem's first couplet is inspired by the sad and sorrowful Jinse, pointing out the theme of "Thinking of China". For no reason, no reason, no reason. Fifty strings. The Book of Records of the Historian Feng Chan contains fifty strings of Guser, and although it is generally twenty-five strings later, it still has its own system. The first and second sentences of the poem say: The beautifully painted harp has fifty strings, and I am almost fifty years old. Each string and column reminds me of the years when the water is gone.
The couplet and the neck couplet are the core of the whole poem. In the couplet, the story of Zhuang Zhou's dream butterfly can be found in Zhuangzi's Theory of All Things: "In the past, Zhuang Zhou's dream was a butterfly, and it was lifelike. ..... Suddenly, I feel that it will be a week. I don't know if Zhou Zhimeng is a butterfly, and the butterfly's dream is Zhou Yi? " "Xiao Meng" in the poem refers to the dream when the sky is about to dawn. "Being fascinated with butterflies" refers to being confused about the relationship between oneself and butterflies. In the face of fierce competition and drastic changes in the Warring States society, Zhuang Zhou produced the thought of illusory and impermanent life, while Li Shangyin used this allusion because of the decline of national power, political turmoil and fate like duckweed in the late Tang Dynasty. Using this allusion also contains his sadness about the disappearance of love and life. He seems to have a presentiment that he will die soon, and he wants to pour out his deep pain and resentment. The legend of Wang Di is described in "The Story of the Universe": "Du Yu, the king of Shu, was named Wang Di, and later died because of his Zen position, becoming a sub-discipline." Zigui is the cuckoo. The beautiful and desolate cuckoo written by the poet has sublimated into the poet's sad heart. Deep sadness can only be attributed to the sad cry of cuckoo in late spring. How sad it is.
The neck couplet is followed by the couplet. The Biography of Di Renjie in the New Tang Dynasty reads: "(Di Renjie) cited the Ming Classics and transferred Bianzhou to join the army, falsely accusing the officials. When Yan Liben summoned him for information, he thanked him, saying,' Zhong Ni said that he had known benevolence, and you can be described as a pearl of the Canghai.' "Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi and Zhuge Ke": "But there are few talents, and Sun Quan said that his father Jin said,' Lantian gave birth to jade, which is really worthwhile.' "Beads" and "jade" are poets' metaphors, not only for talents, but also for virtue and ideals. Through these two images, the poet shows his sadness that he is endowed with outstanding talents and virtues, but he is not used for the world. At the end of the poem, the rhetorical progressive sentence is used to strengthen the tone and end the whole poem. "This feeling" sums up the feelings expressed, while "Remembrance of Success" echoes the "Year of Thinking of China". Whether you can stay or not shows that this melancholy and sad "feeling" has long been lost and difficult to send, and it is even more unbearable at this time.
This poem is full of artistic individuality, and uses allusions, comparisons and symbolism. Butterflies and cuckoos are symbols in the poem, while pearls and jade are comparisons. They create a clear and beautiful artistic conception.
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This "Jinse" is the representative work of Li Shangyin, who loves poetry and enjoys the most fame. However, it is the most difficult poem to explain. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there have been many speculations.
The poem "Jinse" uses the first two words of the opening sentence. In the old theory, it was originally thought that this poem was a poem about objects, but recently, it seems that all the annotators claim that this poem has nothing to do with the use of the instrument, and it is actually an "untitled" work that uses the instrument to hide the topic. In my opinion, it is really different from ordinary chanting objects, but it is not just an untitled poem that simply "intercepts the first two words" to start with a metaphor and has nothing to do with the literal. What it writes is clearly related to Joseph.
There have been many misunderstandings in linking two sentences, thinking that according to this, the poet has been "in his fifties" or "in his fifties" at the time of writing this article, so he is so happy. Actually, it is not. "unprovoked" means "unprovoked" and "unprovoked". The poet's idiotic language is also. Jinse has so many strings, which is not "wrong" or "wrong"; The poet stubbornly complained about it: Jinse, why do you have so many strings? In fact, there is no need to "textual research" on how many strings existed in the original and how many strings actually existed in Li Shangyin's time. The poet just used words to see the meaning. According to records, the ancient instrument has fifty strings, so Yuxi often uses the number of "fifty" when writing the instrument, such as "Rain hits the fifty strings of Xiangling" and "Because of the fifty strings, the middle road divides the palace sign", which can prove that this has no special intention in the poet's original.
the key to "each with its flower-like fret an interval of youth" lies in the word "Chinese New Year". A string and a column are still a sound. The stringed instrument has fifty strings, and the syllables are the most abundant and knowable, and its numerous sounds promote the festival, which often makes it difficult for listeners to be pregnant. The poet never meant to make people die and dig for "numbers". He said: listen to the complicated strings of Jinse and think about the past of China; The sound is complicated and confused, and it is hard to say. The 5 strings are designed to "create an atmosphere" to see the weight of the past and the nine songs of affection. If you want to appreciate Yuxi's poem, you should first understand the purport, but you should not stick to the column and drum the instrument. He Zhu, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said, "Who is the degree of Jin Sehua?" (The Jade Case) Yuan Hao, a poet of the Yuan Dynasty, asked, "The beautiful woman Jinse resents the Chinese New Year!"
(On Thirty Poems) The Chinese New Year is the so-called beautiful youth. The most important "main eye" of Yuxi's poem lies in the splendor of the Chinese New Year, so it is just a pedantry to recall the saying of "forty-nine years" by "fifty years of travel".
since the intention of the alliance is clear, let's see how he undertakes it below.
In the last sentence of Zhuan Lian, an allegorical allusion from Zhuangzi was used, which said that Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he was a butterfly and flew vividly ... forgetting that he was Zhuang Zhou. Later, when I woke up, my family was still Zhuang Zhou, and I didn't know where the butterfly had gone. Yuxi wrote this sentence: A beautiful woman, a beautiful instrument, a complicated string, awakened the poet's dream and stopped sleeping. Lost, gone, not equal. Let's see what he said in "Thoughts on Autumn Evening": "Pillow butterflies in the cold village to go", and when they go, they leave and die, that is, his so-called fans are. Xiao Meng Butterfly, although born in Zhuang Sheng, has been more than a "lifelike" problem once it is used in Yuxi, which vaguely contains a beautiful situation, but it is also an illusory dream. The Emperor Wang in the next sentence of this couplet is the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Zhou Dynasty, named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired, unfortunately, the country died, and the soul turned into a bird after death. As for the bleeding in the mouth, its voice was sad and touching, and it was named Du Fu. Du Yu Tichun, what does this have to do with Jinse? It turned out that the complicated strings of the Jin instrument and the plaintive songs caused the poet's infinite sadness, and his unspeakable grievances, such as the plaintive sounds of Du Fu, sent him home in spring. The word "trust" not only wrote Du Yuzhi's trust in the cuckoo, but also wrote that the beauty's trust in the brocade, the hand waving and watching, the interest of flowers falling into the water, and the poet's wonderful writing, which has reached a climax.
It seems that Yuxi's "Spring Hearts Trust the Rhododendron" refers to grievances, while the word "resentment" put forward by "Beauty Jinse resents the Chinese New Year" is just right. Yuxi's poem eulogizes the golden harp, which is extraordinary and carefree, and there is a strange feeling that I deeply hate.
after the couplet was written, it was time to turn the pen. When the pen arrived here, the situation in front of it had reached a small level, which seemed to be knotted but not knotted, and the meaning was to be applied. Below this, touch the pen and ink, as if to "get up" again. His brushwork is like a towering peak, or like a broken thread, or pushing the pen down, or slow and tight ... The technique can be different, but the context of god is turning and always paying attention. At this time, Yuxi wrote the famous sentence "mermen weep their pearly tears down a moon-green sea".
Beads are born in mussels, and mussels are in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and quiet, mussels will open to the moon to raise their pearls, and the pearls will get the moonlight, and the aurora will shine. This is a beautiful folk tradition. The moon is a bright pearl in the sky, like a bright moon in water; Tears are like pearls, which is natural since ancient times. Jiao Ren wept tears and became pearls, which is also a strange scene in the sea. In this way, the bright moon falls between the seas, and the pearl bathes in the boundary of tears. The moon, the pearl and the tears are three yeses and one yese. One into three? Three is one? In the poet's pen, it has formed an indistinguishable wonderland. We read the poems of the Tang Dynasty, but with such rich connotations and wonderful associations, it is not much to live in Yuxi.
So, is there any connection between the sea moon, tears and Jinse? Didn't Qian Qi's famous ode to the harp say, "Twenty-five strings play jathyapple, but you can't clear your grievances but fly"? Therefore, it is appropriate to have a moonlit night, and the grievances are particularly deep. In this way, the territory of sea moon, and the connection between Sese, can not be snooped?
For the poet Yuxi, the realm of sea moon has special deep feelings. Once, due to illness, he couldn't bow to Hedong Gong's "Happy Camp to Buy Wine" meeting, so he wrote the sentence of "only taking the sea and the moon, pressing the red city." From this point of view, on the one hand, he is very appreciative of this situation, on the other hand, he is very sad and lonely: a complex and unspeakable disappointment is beyond words.
Si Kongtu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, quoted a passage from Dai Shulun who was earlier than him: "Poets' beautiful scenery, such as the warm Lantian, and the fine jade and smoke, can't be placed in front of them." The eight words used for metaphor here are exactly the same as the seven words in the next sentence of this poem, which shows that this metaphor has another source. Unfortunately, the ancient books were lost later, so it is difficult to find the source again. There is no reference for the explanation of this sentence today, and it is difficult to say whether it is appropriate or not. Lu Ji, a writer in the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "The stone is like a jade, but the mountain is shining, and the water is like a pearl." Lantian, the mountain name, is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi Province. This mountain is sunny and contains jade gas (the ancients thought that treasures have phosgene that can't be seen by ordinary eyes), and Ran Ran ascended, but the essence of Meiyu is far away, but it is not close, so it is beyond our reach, which represents an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it can't be grasped and approached. Here in Yuxi, it is under the inspiration and association of "Jade Mountain is shining, Pearl is shining, Sichuan is charming" that the warmth of Lantian is used to make a confrontation with the previous sentence sea moon, resulting in a sharp contrast. Literally speaking, Lantian is also very neat to the sea, because the original meaning of Cang is cyan. Yuxi's exquisite rhetoric can also show his talent and skill.
The two sentences of the Neck Couplet show that the Yin and Yang are warm and cold, and the jade is beautiful. Although the realm is different, the sadness is the same. The poet loves and persists in this noble feeling, but he dare not profane and lament.
The epilogue gathers the whole article, and clearly puts forward the word "this feeling", which echoes the beginning of "Hua Nian", and the pen gesture has never evaded. The poem says: If you have such feelings, you will feel endless regret at the beginning of today's memories, that is, it was already disconcerting at that time-the words mean "Do you want to remember", which means: If you look back at today, it is regret, so what! The poet expressed several layers of twists and turns in two sentences, and several layers of twists and turns were just to illustrate that kind of distressed mood. The reason why poetry is a poet lies in this, and the reason why Yuxi poetry is a Yuxi poet lies in this.
Yuxi's life experience is unspeakable pain, bitter feelings, stagnation in the bosom, poetry, deep wounds, back and forth, and deep infection. One of his farewell poems said: "I believe in many feelings, and Yang Zhu dies with affection;" The woman is in danger, and the woman is cold-hearted. ..... "The zither is a song, which often depends on the deep bitterness of life and death. Based on this, I think if there is where will you go's hatred in Jinse's poems, I'm afraid it can't be said that it's all arbitrary.
This poem is one of Li Shangyin's representative works. The title of the poem "Jinse" not only takes the beginning of the first sentence as the title, but also contains the meaning of expressing the couple with a harp. The first couplet lamented that the Chinese New Year was fleeting, and it was sad to think of the old. Zhuan Lian wrote where will you go's endless sorrow through stories of Zhuang Sheng and Wang Di. Neck couplet is a well-known sentence, which not only recalls the bright eyes, beauty, joys and sorrows of a forgotten woman before her death, but also implicitly writes that it is now unreachable and disillusioned. The end of the couplet is so sentimental, it is not until the memories of the present that it feels endless regret, that is, it was already overwhelming at that time, and its meaning was extremely painful.
Li Shangyin played his "Jinse" on a moonlit night. A mournful swan song has captivated countless listeners in later generations, and has always caused many different explanations and speculations. In his "On Thirty Poems", Jin Renyuan Haowen once said that this poem is "a splendid instrument to solve people's difficulties".
There have always been different opinions about the theme of the poem "Jinse". Some people think that the content of this poem is about the musical instrument "the instrument", saying "the sage Chuangzi is day-dreaming, bewitched by butterflies, the spring-heart of Emperor Wang is crying in a cuckoo. Mermen weep their pearly tears down a moon-green sea, blue fields are breathing their jade to the sun. " In the four sentences, four kinds of musical tones, namely, the appropriateness, resentment, purity and harmony, are written respectively. Some people regard the conjecture of "Jinse" as the illusion of a woman, suspecting that it is "Linghu's family's blue clothes" ... In addition, many people tend to mourn for the dead, thinking that the poet missed his dead wife in loneliness and desolation, and bowed himself!
Although it is difficult to explain this poem exactly in reason, it is very easy to arouse readers' affection and love in sensibility. Poetry is very emotional because of its image; Poetry is difficult to understand, because it only paints images and is confusing. To understand this poem, I think we should mainly analyze the image of the poem and see what it gives us, and we don't have to attach facts.
"I wonder why my inlaid harp has fifty strings, each with its flower-like fret an interval of youth", the poem starts with "Jinse", which not only describes the beauty of the instrument, but also the complexity of the string. The word "Jinse" gives readers a beautiful and resentful intuition. It is recorded in Records of Sacrifice in the Suburbs of Han Dynasty that "Emperor Tai made Motome play the fifty-stringed instrument, which was so sad that the emperor couldn't stop it, so it was broken into twenty-five strings". Who would have thought that the "golden instrument" of the "fifty-stringed instrument" was attached with such sad feelings? For no reason, don't do it, don't rule it, the word "for no reason" makes Jinse have life at once. This depressed sigh is like saying that it is not that she is willing to have these 5 strings, but that she is born with so many, and she is helpless. "each with its flower-like fret an interval of youth", every string and column on this instrument is pulling the poet to bury a pain in his heart. "Chord" and "column" inherit a sentence of "fifty chords", and the two characters of "one" further strengthen the various feelings of "fifty chords", which not only implies the meticulous and complicated feelings, but also implies the heavy lingering sadness. The caressing of each string and column will arouse the poet's recollection of the past. The word "Huanian" corresponds to the word "Jinse" in front, which not only shows the beauty of "Huanian", but also shows the melancholy when recalling today. The poet uses the beauty of Thule as a metaphor for his outstanding talent, and uses Thule's "fifty strings for no reason" to imply that the Chinese New Year has passed quietly, and the feelings of pain and indignation are faintly contained in the sigh of "no reason". These two sentences can be said to be the total of this poem.
"the sage Chuangzi is day-dreaming, bewitched by butterflies, the spring-heart of Emperor Wang is crying in a cuckoo. Mermen weep their pearly tears down a moon-green sea, blue fields are breathing their jade to the sun ",the word" thinking "in the first couplet of chin and neck recalled the past, and the poet lamented that he had abandoned his talent and hurt himself all his life. For Li Shangyin, the past is unbearable. He was young and talented, but he was caught in the political whirlpool of the late Tang Dynasty. He was so frustrated that he was down and out all his life. His beloved wife died early in China, and now only the poet himself is left to reminisce about the past in loneliness and desolation. Zhuan Lian sends affection to things, and puts "Xiao Meng" and "