The discovery of Hongshan Yulong, the "Yi Long of China" in Hongshan Culture, not only found the source of the "dragon", but also fully confirmed the long history of Chinese jade culture.
The Chinese nation regards itself as a "descendant of the dragon", and the origin of the dragon is closely related to the formation of our national history and culture and the beginning of the civilized era. Hongshan Yulong is of great significance for studying ancient primitive religions in China and summarizing the sequence of dragon-shaped development.
Hongshan is located on the Jinying River in the northeast suburb of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Mongolians call it Ulan Hada, which means "Red Mountain Peak" in Chinese, formerly known as "Jiunv Mountain".
Legend has it that nine fairies broke the rules of heaven in ancient times, and the western queen mother was furious. The Nine Fairys panicked and accidentally knocked over the rouge box, and rouge spilled on the mountain, resulting in nine Feng Hong. Therefore, it was later called "Hongshan".
This jade dragon in Hongshan Culture site is dark green, 26 cm high, intact and curled into a C-shape. The snout stretches forward, slightly bends upward, the mouth is closed, there are symmetrical double nostrils, and the protrusions of the eyes are prismatic and ringed.
Yulong has a small hole in the center of his back. After the test, if you hang it with a rope, the tail of the keel is just on the same level. Obviously, the location of the hole is calculated accurately.
Hongshan Yulong is unique in shape, exquisite in craftsmanship, smooth and full of vitality. The mysterious implication of jade dragon load adds a layer of beauty to it. Because of its huge volume and special shape, Jade Dragon is not only a general ornament, but also a ritual tool closely related to the primitive religious worship in China.
Jade Dragon is carved from a whole piece of jade, and the details are also carved in relief and bas-relief, which shows the development level of jade carving technology at that time.
In addition, in the remains of Hongshan Culture, such as Gulubanhao in Aohan Banner of Inner Mongolia, Shibanshan in Haoluku in Hexigten Banner and Hutougou in Fuxin, several batches of Hongshan cultural jade articles, such as Jade Carving Dragon and Dagou Yunpei, have also been found.
The totems of the Yellow Emperor recorded in ancient documents in China, such as bears, dragons, turtles, clouds and birds, all correspond to the jades of Hongshan culture. These totem jades reflect the production, life, fertility and living conditions of Hongshan ancestors 5500 years ago, and Yulong Yufeng is the most respected jade in Hongshan.
In the ruins of Hongshan Culture in Niuheliang Village, at the junction of Lingyuan and Jianping counties in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province, a female temple was also found. There is a complete clay statue as big as a real person in the temple, and there are six nude portraits of women of different sizes beside the statue.
In particular, there are limbs bones in the cavity of the plastic parts of the goddess' upper arm, which are mostly burned to ashes, but they are probably human bones. This is not just artistic modeling. The head of the goddess can be used as a typical specimen to study the ancient ethnology and national history of China. For the first time, hundreds of millions of people in China saw the image of ancestors 5,000 years ago created by real people in loess.
In ancient books, the first contribution of Nu Wa is "being a man in loess". The plastic part of the goddess Niu Heliang has limbs and bones, which are strikingly similar to those recorded in ancient books. Niuheliang Goddess Temple in Liaohe River Valley may be a memory and worship of Nuwa in the ancient primitive countries at that time.
At a distance of 0/000 meters from Niuheliang Goddess Temple/KLOC-,there is a small earthen mountain rammed by hand. Rammed soil has distinct layers, conical shape and slightly higher top. The top is made of three circles of stones, each layer of stones reaches 10 m and the height is 1 m. The foot of the mountain is also made of three circles of stones.
On the hills around Xiaotushan, more than 30 stone-accumulated tombs have been found. All the stone-accumulated tombs are conical with a roof at the top. Compared with the pyramids of ancient Egypt, it has the same layout and is called "the pyramids of China".
Looking around from the top of the "pyramid", the ruins of the goddess temple and the "pyramid" are on a north-south line, while the ruins of the stone piers on the east and west sides are arranged on a line at equal distances. This layout makes people clearly feel the center of the "pyramid".
Painted pottery pieces with the Chinese character "Zhi" and copper crucible pieces with Hongshan Culture characteristics are scattered on the "Pyramid" mountain. At the top of the "pyramid" is a copper smelting site, which is very consistent with the plot of Nu Wa smelting five-color stones in the myth and legend "Goddess Mending Heaven".
There are a lot of jade articles in the small golden pagoda around the Great Pyramid. There is a complete male skeleton in the central tomb of a stone tomb, with two large jade rings on both sides of the head, a double-dragon-crossed hook-shaped handkerchief on the chest, a jade ring on the top of the head and a jade bracelet on the wrist.
At the same time, the deceased held a jade turtle in each hand, a female and a male, in pairs. This pair of jade turtles may be the totem worship or protector of clans and tribal groups at that time.
In another stone tomb, there are more than 20 jade articles, and the chest of the deceased is decorated with a jade turtle. But the jade turtles unearthed in these two stone tombs are headless, tailless and footless, and they are integrated. This jade turtle with no head, no tail and no feet is also in line with the "broken pole" of the goddess who fills the sky in myths and legends.
In the south of Zi Ying Village, Baisilang, Aohan Banner, on the east bank of Laoha River, there is a Hongshan Culture kiln site with six kiln sites. Judging from these kilns and unearthed pottery with different structures, the pottery industry has reached a considerable scale.
There are four kinds of pottery in Hongshan Culture: red clay, gray clay, gray clay and black clay. Decorated with chord patterns, description patterns and additional pile patterns, the diamond back-to-back patterns composed of chord patterns have begun to show the characteristics of thunder patterns. There are sand-filled gray pottery straight pots, pots and hollowed-out beans, pots and cans, as well as big pots, bowls, statues and ears. In the later period, large flat-bottomed pots, large-opening, folded-belly shallow dishes, thin handles and painted pottery appeared.
There are grinded stone tools and microliths in Hongshan Culture, including grinded stone tools, grinded stone axes and chisels with rectangular cross sections, and polished stone shovels. The microliths include stone arrows and stone knives with bone handles. This stone knife is finely machined. The pig's head pottery on pottery reflects that its economic life is a combination of agriculture, animal husbandry and hunting.
There are four cemeteries in Hongshan Culture cemetery group in Chaoyang, Tian Jiagou, and the snakehead eardrop in the tomb is the first jade article in Hongshan culture, which is related to the ear snake recorded in Shan Hai Jing.
The pig dragon-shaped vessels unearthed in Hongshan Culture have been found in Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and other places, which may be due to the deification of the pig image or the early "dragon" image in myths and legends.
Images of small animals, such as birds, turtles, tiger-shaped pendants and fish-shaped stone pendants, have also been unearthed in Hongshan Culture ruins, mainly jade or turquoise carvings.
In addition, owls are the main totem worship in Hongshan Culture, and the number of jade owls unearthed in Hongshan Culture is the largest.
In Hongshan Culture's time, people were afraid of darkness and wanted to see everything in it. I hope I can fly like a bird and avoid being hurt; I hope I can catch my prey as easily as an eagle.
Owl has all these advantages. Owl is a common bird of prey in western Liaoning, which gives people a mysterious feeling of reaching heaven and earth. Therefore, the ancestors in Hongshan Culture hoped that owls could give them magical power to fight against nature.
Hongshan Culture represents the highest known level of prehistoric culture in northern China, and has made a profound study on the history of Chinese civilization from 4,000 years ago to 5,000 years ago and the history of ancient China.
The discovery of Hongshan Culture has also made the West Liaohe River Basin, the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin the three major sources of Chinese civilization, known as the "new dawn of oriental civilization".
Hongshan Culture's life map