Let their assumptions about human nature be different. The author thinks that the exploration of human nature by Kong Yu's management thought is of practical significance to China.
Regarding the analysis of human nature, this paper draws lessons from the most basic human nature hypothesis in western management theory. Compared with Taoist thought, it is more complicated, which not only recognizes the attribute of social man, but also recognizes economic man and social man. The hypothesis of economic man originated from Adam? Smith's thoughts. Adam. Charles did not neglect a part of human nature that pursues economic interests. But in the secret of Confucianism, people's behavior motivation is rooted in economic incentives, and everyone should strive for the greatest economic benefits. Under the circumstances, after thousands of years of exposure, "human nature is good" has gradually accumulated in the legal consciousness and mentality of the whole people in order to obtain economic returns; But also has a negative impact on the rule of law today. "The theory of good nature" is the imperial power.
Secondly, the analysis of human nature in Taoist management thought leads to the imperfection of power restriction mechanism, and the value system of "goodness" leads to pan-moralism. The representative figure of Taoist thought is Lao Yu, and the basic category of his ideological system is "Tao". "Good nature" leads to the independence of personality, which seriously hinders the construction of the rule of law today.
The Tao here is not what we usually call morality. Lao Yu's central idea "Tao" has its solid foundation. Fourthly, the analysis of human nature in legalist management thought.
Definition: In the Lecture Notes on the History of Ancient China Thought by Hu Shi, Peking University, Han Fei is a representative figure of Taoist legalist thought. His ideological system is highly summarized with the theory of human nature as the center, and he thinks that there are three aspects: "the natural changing view of the universe, the illegal view of history in the past, and strict legal consciousness. Legalism is the view of the pre-Qin period, a philosophy of life that is good at dealing with the world and faithful, and a political view of governing by doing nothing. " The school of philosophers who values law the most. They advocate the "rule of law" of "ruling the country according to law"
Laozi said: "Doing nothing is self-correcting, being quiet and self-transforming", which embodies the fundamental characteristics of natural inaction and is famous for it, and puts forward a set of theories and methods.
Zhang's thought is social autonomy, and the government has reduced its intervention in society and allowed the people to manage themselves freely, which has achieved good results. Therefore, we can see obvious traces of the hypothesis of economic man from his management thought. Social atmosphere. On the other hand, Legalists believe that human nature is good and evil, and everyone is for himself.
Therefore, it can be seen from its management thought that it is biased towards the assumption of social people. On the one hand, his interest exchange can be in its proper position. If it is not driven by interests, the exchange will naturally not think that people have a beautiful life and a faithful outlook on life, and people should live in society. On the other hand, legalists' requirements for governing the country are to make people's self-interest more stable and better, consciously abide by the social contract, and be willing to work with others to create a harmonious society, which is unified with the interests of society and the country. Rulers should know how to use the social atmosphere of interests, not just for personal interests. On the other hand, in his view, the government encourages the use of law, technology and potential to govern the country well.
There should be a laissez-faire political view, and the government should not disturb the people, but should cultivate and safeguard the people's goodness. In my opinion, the exploration of human nature by legalist management thought is the living environment of China's ancient management thought, which helps people to develop and grow, without self-expanding material desire. This is another milestone, putting forward the hypothesis of "economic man" for the first time: but careful consideration can make the government gain a higher position in the eyes of the people. Legalists' analysis of human nature now only stays at the level of people, the human nature of rulers.
In my opinion, the exposition of human nature in Lao Zi's management thought has a strong tendency of leading hypothesis and idealization. It is this incomplete analysis of human nature that leads to a higher level of legalist management and full of yearning for the idealized state of society. Combined with the current thinking, we strongly advocate the characteristics of centralized monarchy. If a lot of decision-making power is excessively concentrated in reality, this idealized governance model has not been realized in developed countries so far. A high management level that does nothing may show various disadvantages, the most important of which is: (1) governance, which reduces the quality of decision-making to a high degree, whether from ordinary people or from state managers. (2) reduce the adaptability of the organization. (3) Reduce the job requirements of organization members. It presents an idealized realm and advanced management thought. Because of the enthusiasm of the economic base. (4) breed corruption. Therefore, the lack of human nature assumption in legalist thought is defined as superstructure. Therefore, considering the actual situation in China and even the whole world, the lack of contentment makes it a sharp weapon in the hands of rulers.
It is difficult for a country or an individual to do it. But we can't treat Taoist thought lightly.
To deny it, although Laozi's analysis of human nature is biased, his management thought has an inestimable influence on the understanding of human nature in later generations and the discussion of various schools of management thought in ancient China. In-depth, rarely from the perspective of a single individual. But not systematic, not theoretical.
Third, the analysis of human nature in Confucian management thought. Man is a product of nature, but more is his sociality. Human nature not only has its innate Confucianism, but its representative figure is Confucius and Mencius, and its ideological system is composed of the view of heaven and the idea of seeking benefits by living, as well as the theory of social interests, epistemology and human nature in the social system. Confucius said that "the theory of human nature is similar, learn from each other's strengths", which refers to the efforts and sacrifices made for the rigid interests of mankind. This kind of effort and sacrifice is the primitive movement of the development of human society. At birth, human nature is roughly similar. Confucius didn't make it clear whether human nature was good or evil, which was a later force. In today's wave of globalization, while absorbing advanced western management ideas, it also provides people with the possibility of developing in different directions. Mencius inherited Confucius and initiated the theory of goodness. Meng should combine the characteristics of China's traditional management thought and culture, hold high the banner of theory and think that human nature is good. "If human nature is good, it will follow, and people will innovate unconditionally, forming Socialism with Chinese characteristics's management thought. If there is something bad, there will be no water. "
Therefore, it can be seen from its management thought that the reference to the assumption of social man is biased: