In March of the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1407), Siyi Pavilion was formally established with the purpose of "learning to translate foreign languages and paying tribute". There is also a Myanmar pavilion in the Siyi Pavilion. From A.D. 1436 to 1449, the Ming government left six Burmese who came to China with Myanmar envoys to teach in the Myanmar Pavilion as C and Yun Qing, and awarded them the title of China. They have trained many Burmese translators for China. During the period from 1490 to 1604, 28 Burmese and China people taught in the Myanmar Pavilion. People who study in the library are called "translators". At first, the translator's course mainly focused on translating miscellaneous words, that is, learning general text translation skills. The textbook for translation students is called Hua Yi Yi Yi Yu Yi, and there is also Myanmar Yu Yi, which has been lost in other countries.
Siyi Pavilion was renamed Siyi Translation Hall in the early Qing Dynasty, which still followed the Ming system and belonged to the Hanlin Academy. In the 13th year of Qianlong (AD 1748), it was renamed Huitong No.4 Translation Hall. After the Opium War, due to the increasing contact with Britain, France and other western countries, Huitong No.4 Translation Library could no longer meet the needs of the development of the situation, so the Qing government promoted 1862 to set up Shi Jing Wentong Library in Beijing, which has four languages: English, French, German and Russian, and belongs to the State Affairs Office of the Prime Minister's Office.
Gems produced in Myanmar are world-famous and have been the main commodities imported from China since ancient times. Emerald named "Sasha Vujacic" was popular in Dali in the Tang Dynasty, so the Book of the Tang Dynasty has the saying that "Dali women wear Sasha Vujacic"; Similarly, China silk is very popular with Burmese women (lái), so Schumann (who also records Yunnan and its historical records, written by Tang Fanchu) said, "Women are getting familiar with satin". In the Ming Dynasty, the jade jewelry and silk trade between China and Myanmar became more prosperous.
Jade produced in Myanmar is a precious material for carving jade buddhas, which has always been highly respected by the world Buddhist community. With the development of jade trade between the two countries, there are countless Burmese jade buddhas that have spread to China. Up to now, Buddhist shrines in China and famous temples in ancient temples, such as the Great Jade Buddha in Guangji Mao Peng of Wutai Mountain, the Great Jade Buddha in Jinding of Emei Mountain in Sichuan, and the Great Jade Buddha in Shanghai, were all presented to him by Burmese Buddhists when Master Guo Jia of Jinding of Emei Mountain returned from India and passed through Myanmar to worship the Shwedagon Pagoda. In addition, the Putuo Mountain Cultural Relics Museum in Zhejiang, Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, Yongquan Temple in Beihai, Fuzhou, and Round Castle in Beijing all have jade buddhas presented by Myanmar. These jade buddhas are exquisitely carved, exquisitely made and flawless, which is a historical witness of Buddhist cultural exchanges between China and Myanmar.
In A.D. 1644, the Qing soldiers occupied Beijing, replacing the Ming Dynasty to rule China. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, its remnants established the Nanming regime in the south of China. The last emperor, Gui Wang Zhu Youlang (Emperor Li Yong), lost all his territory under the pursuit of the Qing army, and fled to Myanmar in A.D. 1659, where he was disarmed by the Burmese and placed in a thatched cottage, and suffered humiliation and abuse. Later, Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan, generals of the Ming Dynasty, led troops into Myanmar several times to "greet drivers" and tried to rescue Emperor Li Yong from Myanmar, but they all failed. There were about 1500 officers and men who went to Myanmar with Zhu Youlang, and most of them didn't want to return to China to be "the people who lost their country" in the Qing Dynasty. So many people live in seclusion in rural Myanmar. In A.D. 166 1 year, Wu Sangui, a rebel of Amin Dynasty, led the Qing army 18000 people into Myanmar, and the enemy arrived in Aiwa City, demanding that the king of Myanmar hand over the emperor Li Yong. Unable to resist the Qing army, the king of Myanmar had to hand over Emperor Li Yong to Wu Sangui. This time, the Qing army traveled to and from Myanmar, and many officers and men were stranded in the same place. The great turmoil in China in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, especially the fact that so many China people stayed in Myanmar, had an impact on all aspects of Myanmar's social life.
The Qing-Burma War ended in A.D. 1769. Soon, the two countries resumed diplomatic relations. By the time of King Meng Yun of Myanmar (A.D. 1782 ~ 18 19), friendly exchanges between the two countries had been quite frequent. According to "Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty", "In the fifty-second year of Qianlong (A.D. 1787), Meng Yun presented (Jο) gold leaves, golden pagoda elephants, precious stones, gold foils (bó), sandalwood, woolen cloth (ní) and ivory to more than 100 people. Gifts such as lacquer boxes, carpets and foreign fabrics need to pass through Beijing; Emperor Qianlong also returned Meng Yunlian's Buddha statue, Wen Qi (qǐ), silk with patterns or patterns and rare utensils. Since then, in the 60th year of Qianlong (A.D. 1795), the first year of Jiaqing (A.D. 1796) and the fifth year of Jiaqing (A.D. 1800), the King of Myanmar sent envoys to Beijing many times. During the period of 1795, there was a scholar named Meng Gan who came to China many times and was proficient in Chinese. He once brought China's Kangxi Dictionary, Yuan Jian Han Lei (a book compiled by Qing and others), The Complete Works of Zhuzi, The Compendium of Li Shizhen Materia Medica and many other ancient books back to Myanmar, making great contributions to the cultural exchange between China and Myanmar.
In A.D. 1824, the first British-Burmese war broke out, and Myanmar was defeated and ceded land compensation. Since then, Myanmar has gradually become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, and was completely annexed by Britain in 1885. It is worth mentioning that even though Myanmar was invaded by British troops, it did not completely lose its sovereignty, and the tribute relationship between Myanmar and China was not interrupted. In A.D. 1834, 1844 and 1853, Myanmar still sent envoys to Beijing three times. The last tribute in Myanmar was in the first year of Guangxu (A.D. 1875). At this time, half of the rivers and mountains in Myanmar have been occupied by the British. Myanmar envoys brought five elephants and a number of precious gifts, which were received by Qing Dezong and Empress Dowager Cixi. Li Zhirong, an overseas Chinese living in Myanmar, went to Beijing as a general manager (senior translator).