On the one hand, it can give full play to the power of ministers to know and recommend talents and overcome the limitation of one person's talents; On the other hand, we can also examine whether the courtiers are "loyal and evil, and use them according to the facts." Kangxi selected a group of good officials in this way. Only once in the 29th year of Kangxi (1690), twelve people including Shao Siyao, Lu and Zhao Cangbi were obtained. These people were all famous ministers and officials who were loyal to the country, honed themselves and cared for the poor in the Qing Dynasty, and made contributions to the "rule of Kangxi".
Third, make the virtuous competent.
"Knowing people to be good at their duties and employing people without doubt" is Kangxi's basic way of employing people. The monarch correctly selects talents, appoints people for promotion, and retires to govern the country and the people. On the other hand, if people are crony, close to flattery and hurt talents, the country will die in chaos. Therefore, Kangxi was particularly cautious in employing people.
Kangxi's "kindness" is first manifested in the use of talents. In Zuo Zhuan, he commented in the article Wei and Like Duke Xiang of Chu that "Zi Chan is versatile and good at appointment, so that each uses his own strengths" [14]. In the thirty years of "xianggong", Zi was born in Zheng. In Zuo Zhuan, it is recorded as follows: "The official career of Feng Jianzi also depends on his ability: Feng Jianzi can break great events, his son and uncle are beautiful and literate, and the public can know the trip to the four countries, but they can be distinguished from his doctor's surname, class status, rank, ability and good rhetoric. If you can make a plan, you will get it if you plan for the field, but you won't get it if you plan for the city. Zheng must have a vassal, and Zi Chan asked the four countries, mostly in rhetoric: taking advantage of interests to make it possible; And told Feng Jianzi to break it. When things are done, they are entrusted to the uncle to deal with the guests, so they rarely fail. " [15] The distribution of production here can be said to really make the best use of people. Another example is "Talking about what city Yin is". In the thirty-first year of "xianggong", Zi Chan discouraged Zi Pi from appointing Yin He, who had no political experience, as the chief executive of his fief. The mountain lies in his sincere attitude, heartfelt confidence, simple metaphor, explaining the truth from different angles, and letting Zi Pi take advice from others. Kangxi was filled with emotion: "JUNG WOO is famous for her beauty and hunting, so she devoted herself to being an official without learning." [ 16]
All of the above embodies Kangxi's thought of knowing people and being good at their duties. The most representative example of Kangxi's practice of this thought is "Jin Fu governs the river".
In the 25th year of Kangxi (1686), Jin Fu, the river chief, and Yu Chenglong had a dispute over the regulation of the Yellow River. Kangxi couldn't make up his mind, so he used the methods of Yu Chenglong and others to govern the river, deposed Jin Fu and imprisoned Huang Chen, an assistant water conservancy expert in Jin Fu. However, the final practice proves that dredging the estuary in Yu Chenglong will cause seawater backflow, and Jin Fu's method is feasible. Therefore, Kangxi once again used Jin Fu and re-appointed him as the river governor. After that, Yu Chenglong, who took over as the river chief, completely adopted Jin Fu's river management method and made gratifying achievements. Twelve years later, Kangxi returned to the dam of the North Canal. Recalling this past, he couldn't help sighing: "October is windy and frosty, the Luhe River is fortunate, and the leaves are sparse and the forest is separated. The soil on the shore is too thin to hold water, and the sand outside the dike is easy to swell. At the end of spring, the shallow husband is busy and hard, and the autumn rain loses the grain. When you come and go, you will sigh, why bother to build more dams? " [17] (see canal dam)
Kangxi's "grace" is also manifested in the fact that there is no doubt about employing people.
Kangxi felt the same way about boldly using Meng. In a short period of three years, Qin Mugong boldly asked Meng Ming to lead Qin Jun to fight three big battles, namely, the battle of grain, the battle of Peng Ya and the battle of the crown. In the first two battles, Meng Ming was defeated and returned. In this case, Qin Bo ruled out interference, always fully affirmed Meng Ming, and still enabled Meng Ming. Meng Ming finally lived up to expectations and won the victory in Wang Guan, which was obviously inseparable from Qin Bo's trust. "Zuo Zhuan" spoke highly: "Qin Mugong is also a monarch, a week of people, and also a unity with people." [18] So Kangxi also praised: "Qin Bo finally appointed Meng Ming as a great hero of Wang Guan, which can be said to be the method of employing people through the ages." [ 19]
Kangxi's unquestionable thought of employing people is reflected in his courage to use controversial talents. In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), in June, Shi Lang was ordered to lead more than 20,000 navy men and more than 200 warships to attack Taiwan and Penghu from Tongshan (now Dongshan, Fujian). After several days of fighting, he defeated the defenders in Penghu. Zheng's main force was completely annihilated, and the garrison commander fled to Taiwan Province. After Shi Lang occupied Penghu, he appealed to Zheng Jun ... Seeing that the general trend was gone, Zheng Kekuai agreed to join the Qing court and achieved peaceful reunification.
Shi Lang's success benefited from Kangxi's bold appointment of Shi Lang. Because Shi Lang is a general, some ministers are biased against him, but Kangxi can look at Shi Lang objectively, giving him the opportunity to make contributions to the country, which can also be described as "the method of employing people through the ages".
Fourth, talent management.
This is the basic idea of Kangxi's management talents.
Kangxi devoted a lot of energy to the study and rectification of bureaucracy in his life. He closely linked bureaucracy with people's livelihood, and thought that "people's livelihood is not successful, and the mountain lies in bureaucracy." Virtue leads to peace for the people. "[20] If officials are greedy for ink, people will be miserable and forced to take risks, causing social unrest. Official management is so important that Kangxi has his own way of management:
First, pay attention to senior officials.
Of course, the key targets of inspectors are those high-ranking officials with high power. Among them, it is mainly to examine whether they are loyal to the country, taking Fan Wenzi, the coach of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period, as an example. As for Fan Wenzi, Kangxi once commented: "In the battle of Yanling, Chu Jin, Fan Wenzi always held the idea of not fighting lightly. At his age, he could fight for his country, but he was not proud of winning Chu. His theory of "external peace and internal worry" is exactly the same as Mencius' statement of "born in sorrow". " [2 1] Six years into the public, "Chu Jin met in Yanling, but Fan Wenzi didn't want to fight. "He insisted:" There must be internal worries outside, but why do you feel scared outside? "Obviously, I hope that the State of Jin will take the powerful Chu State as an imaginary enemy, so that the State of Jin will always be on high alert and fully manage. Even if he defeated Chu in the future, he was not proud [22]. With such an "old-school minister", the country is bound to rule.
Second, reward honesty and punish corruption.
This is the key content of inspector Kangxi. Kangxi in ancient prose criticism? 6? 1 There is a passage in Zuo Zhuan on Zheng Zichan's heavy money: "lead an honest and clean life, and bow to the meaning of courtiers;" Contrary to the old saying, no entry or exit is allowed. The theory of ivory burning is the most profound, and officials should know how to sit in the right place. " [23] What is "burning our bodies with ivory"? In other words, elephants destroy themselves because of valuable ivory. Take this as an example to warn the officials to be honest and clean, so as to avoid the disaster of "burning like a tooth".