He only said that he and Xue Ba took gold and sent it home, took luggage and parcels, took fire and water sticks, went to the envoy's room, took Lin Chong and put it on the road. Dong Chaodao:? You are so ignorant! It's more than two thousand miles to Cangzhou. When will you walk like this? ?
Chapter 8 of Water Margin tells the story of Lin Jiaotou, who was trapped by Gao Qiu, mistakenly entered the White Tiger Festival Hall with a knife and was stabbed to death and sent to Cangzhou Road. And then what? Exile? As a penalty, it is an important part of the ancient Chinese legal system.
Exile? The penalty of punishment appeared very early in the history of our country As early as in Historical Records and Shundian, it was recorded that there was a great war between Shun Di and neighboring tribes and clans. After the victory of war? He worked in Youzhou, put his pockets in Chongshan, escaped three seedlings in three dangers, drowned in Yushan, four deadly sins and the world was salty? . The leaders of the surrounding tribes * * * Gong, Xiangdou, Sanmiao and Qiang were exiled to Youzhou, Chongshan, Sanwei and Yushan respectively. After punishing several of them for exile, the tribes of other tribes were afraid and surrendered to Shun.
Although it is difficult to verify the authenticity of ancient books, at least it proves it? Exile? The origin of one punishment is very early, after the development of Qin, Han, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties? Exile? Officially become? You, staff, disciple, flow, die? The most important core part of the five punishments system. From then on, it spread to the late Qing Dynasty and influenced the ancient criminal law for thousands of years.
What crime is generally sentenced to exile?
Can't bear to be punished and killed, far away? Exile is also a great sin. From the development of ancient criminal law system in China, it is not difficult to see that with the change of social form, the means of punishment are also improving. Even before Qin and Han Dynasties, punishment mostly meant bloodshed. If you were walking in the street, you would see people with tattoos on their faces and bad people without noses and toes. Because the punishment at that time was mainly ink marks (tattoos on the face); Oh (cut off the nose); Hey (chopping toes); Palace (castration of men); The great monarch (beheaded)? Mainly, the most famous prisoner is Mr. Sima Qian, the author of Historical Records.
In Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, social progress made beheading less and less, but? Exile? As a punishment method, which can not only ensure the punishment intensity, but also reflect the Confucian benevolence thought, it is widely used.
Flow? In the five punishments, the status is second only to? Die? What does it mean? Exile? It's not a simple crime. Judging from the effect of punishment, most people in ancient times relied on clans, and the survival of individuals could not be separated from the environment. When a person is deprived of social relations and sent to a new environment with bad environment and material shortage, it is often difficult to survive.
Shall we look back? Cangzhou lulin was stabbed? This Lin Chongben was an imperial coach in Beijing, similar to the present Beijing instructor, because his wife offended Gao Yanei. And Du designed a letter to summon Lin Chong in the name of Gao Taiwei. Lin Chong took a knife and strayed into the White Tiger Hall, where he was captured by soldiers who had already ambushed him. Baihutang may be strange to friends who don't know the history of Song Dynasty. The white tiger symbolizes war. Baihutang is an important place for ancient military aircraft, which is equivalent to the modern armament headquarters. Foreign war, first-class secret.
Lin chong became suspicious. When he looked into the curtain, he saw four green words on his forehead, which read:? White Tiger Festival Hall. ? Lin provincial road:? This hall is a place to discuss military affairs. How dare you enter for no reason! ? Anxious to turn around, I heard the sound of boots and shoes, footsteps, and a man came in from outside. ?
Lin Chong, who was trapped, was held in Kaifeng and was sentenced to beheading. Fortunately, Yin of Kaifengfu dared not offend Gao Qiu, so Lin Chong was sentenced? Kill the stick? +? Gold seal on the thorn surface? +? Exile Cangzhou? Three-piece set of big crimes.
Where will the exiled general be sent?
The exiled society in the Tang Dynasty was divided into three levels according to the degree of crime, starting from the capital Chang 'an, it was divided into three levels: 3,000 Li, 2,500 Li and 2,000 Li. The locations are mainly Yunnan-Guizhou, Jiannan (Sichuan) and Lingnan (Guangdong and Guangxi). The reason is that at that time, the south was called the land of barbarians, and the humid and miasma conditions were very bad. For example, Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian's favorite Li Yifu fell out of favor in his later years and was exiled to Wa (Xichang, Sichuan), while his son Li Zhan was exiled to Tingzhou (now Guangxi).
Exile? The climax of punishment should be in the Song Dynasty, where more soldiers were used and exile was mostly banishment. Therefore, there are government prisons where the garrison is located, which are full of exiled and sent people. Lin Chong, the leopard head in the Water Margin, was sent to Cangzhou Road, Song Jiang was sent to Jiangzhou, and Lu Junyi was sent to Salmon Island. The Water Margin is based on the period from Song Renzong to Song Huizong. At that time, Cangzhou Road was the Song-Liao border, and the famous Yang Liulang was stationed here during the Song Taizong period. Thus, Cangzhou in Water Margin should be the northwest of the old city of Cangzhou, Hebei Province today.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the degree of exile tended to be universal. Due to the lack of control over the north, the Ming Dynasty sent many criminals to the south. Because the Qing dynasty was originally a Jurchen nationality rooted in the customs, many criminals were exiled to the northeast. The most famous exile among internet celebrities? Ningguta? I'm familiar with it in the Qing Dynasty drama. For example, Zhen Yuandao, the father of Zhen Xuan, the heroine in the harem, was exiled to Ningguta area under the rule of Heilongjiang because of being framed.
Who are generally exiled?
I'd rather die in exile, but I can't bear it. Raptors are not crowded because of their previous lives. How can I be happy and how can I make my husband live a stable life? ?
Qu Yuan, a doctor in San Lv, was the first exiled celebrity besides Gong Gong and other ancient exiles. Because of different political views, Qu Yuan was exiled twice, which shows that most of the exiles in ancient times were officials.
Scholars, as the main source of officials, coupled with their personality, gradually became the Tang and Song Dynasties? Exile army? The pillar of. You are embarrassed to say that you are a cultural person and not be spared. Wang Gong, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, relegated Pennsylvania (now Binyang, Guangxi) because of Wutai poetry case; In the Tang Dynasty, Song Wenzhi was banished to Qinzhou (now Qinzhou, Guangxi) and died in Guangxi. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian was exiled to Guangxi because of the struggle between the old and new parties. Qin Guan was exiled to Hengzhou (now Hengxian County, Guangxi) because of the struggle between the old and new parties in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Zong Shen especially loved his works, read in the palace, and forgot his goodness when eating. He was called a genius in the world. ? Song Shi
Can have such a high praise, this person is Su Shi, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Su Shi was a famous writer, calligrapher, painter and gourmet in Song Dynasty. He was born in a noble family, and he was known as Su Xun, his father, and Su Zhe, his brother? Susan? . Su Shi took part in the imperial examination in his early years. With an article, it was greatly appreciated by Ouyang Xiu and became famous in Beijing for a while. However, the good times did not last long, because he stood on the opposite side of Wang Anshi's political reform and was excluded and relegated to Beijing.
When Su Shi was forty-three years old, something happened that changed his life, that is? Wutai poetry case? . In the second year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi was transferred? Huzhou is well known? After taking office, he wrote a letter to Song Shenzong. Su Shi is a literati, and he did not forget to give the emperor some poet color. It may be that there are too many words expressing personal feelings in the poem, and Wang Anshi's new party seized the handle. Everyone in the new party wrote to Shinto, participated in Su Shi's satire on the government, and fooled the holy family. There is irony in this article.
Three months later? Wutai poetry case? At the time of the incident, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, and dozens of people were implicated. However, it was in this exile that Su Shi created famous sentences such as Red Cliff Fu, Post-Red Cliff Fu and Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia.
19 years later, 62-year-old Su Shi was exiled to Danzhou (Danzhou, Hainan Island) again. It is said that banishing Danzhou at that time was a felony second only to beheading with a full door.
Why did few people escape during exile?
As mentioned above, exile can be said to be a felony after beheading. First, it's a long way, and you may lose your life along the way; There is also a coolie at the destination, either reclaiming land to grow vegetables or killing the enemy on the battlefield. Then some people will ask, why don't those people choose to escape along the way? Speaking of this problem, we have to discuss other things first.
First, can you run? In ancient times, exile was not an open-book exam. This does not mean that no matter how many prisoners you exile, there must be officers or soldiers guarding them. In addition, exile is not on foot, and most prisoners will be shackled, even shackled. How can you run away from something weighing dozens of pounds?
Second, where can you go? Ordinary exiles will be branded on their faces, just like writing the word bad guy on their faces. In addition, the ancient household registration management at the grassroots level was quite strict, and you couldn't hide from the grassroots anywhere. Chaoyang people? Eyes.
Third, do you have any concerns? In ancient times, most exiles had to take their families with them. A large group of people are married and have children. Do you think anyone is willing to abandon his wife and children and run away? Besides, ancient times was a clan society with a protege system. A man ran away, and a group of people waited to be punished together. Therefore, no one wants to implicate others.
In addition, the ancient principles of monarch and minister prevailed in advance, and they were all heroes who pleaded guilty and were willing to be punished. For example, Lin Chong, the leopard head, is the coach of the Eight Million Kings Club, with high martial arts. Two guards are even more important. Even two guards tried to kill him many times along the way, but he didn't escape. It is also for this reason that I honestly came to Cangzhou, where I was sent.
Conclusion:
Exile, as a criminal law system, not only solved the problem of few soldiers guarding the border and developing wasteland in remote areas, but also made the criminal law less bloody. Although it is exile, there is still a chance to make a comeback in case of Amnesty or rehabilitation. It is a great embodiment of social progress and rule of law progress, and also promotes the development of China literature to a certain extent. After all, so many classic poems were written by the author when he was exiled.
In addition, it is said that the story of crossing the sea by the Eight Immortals is also related to exile.