JUNG WOO (1298~ 1358) was born in Zhengcun, Shexian County, Huizhou. He was born in Yuan Chengzong-Dade in the second year and died in Huizong Zheng Zhi in the eighteenth year at the age of sixty-one. Young people are sensitive to learning; Long, there are six classics, especially in the spring and autumn. The professor is in the countryside and there are many students. Scholars call him Mr. Shishan, and he built Shishan Academy in his hometown.
He once lived in seclusion in the southeast Shenshan-Fuchuan Mountain (the main peak rests on the boat tip) and recruited the thatched cottage for more than ten years. Visit Hanlin in the afternoon, and remember the doctor. I can't give up my job. I write every day. When the Ming soldiers arrived, the defenders would give them orders, and JUNG WOO hanged himself. Jade has eight volumes of Collected Works of Shishan, five volumes of posthumous articles, as well as the editing notes of Zhouyi and Chunqiu. , are handed down from generation to generation.
Wu Min is eager to learn, and his master is influenced by the industry, so he can't live in the industry, so he built Shishan Academy to deal with it. The carving of the article is very important to Yu, Jie Li and Ouyang Xiu. Fourteen years, in addition to the Hanlin waiting system, the messenger gave the above coins, floating on the sea to levy them, and could not resign.
In seventeen years, when Ming Taizu went to Huizhou, the Shoujiang asked him to make use of Huizhou. I asked, "Do I have a surname?" ! Worship yourself and die. Taste a poem and say, "When the four seas collected their soldiers, they also sorted out old books from Shishan. Scholars call him Mr. Shi Shan, who has collected Shi Shan's works. Cheng Yi, a county magistrate, called it a high-level institution. He saw it clearly, so he was able to speak for himself.
2. Wu Cheng (1February 3, 249—1August 5, 333) was born in Xiankou, Fenggang, Chongren, Fuzhou (now Xiankou Village, Aoxi Town, Le 'an County, Jiangxi Province). Outstanding Neo-Confucianism, Confucian classics and educator in Yuan Dynasty.
Smart and eager to learn since childhood, he did experiments in rural areas at the end of the Song Dynasty. After the death of Song Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in his hometown and devoted himself to writing. Scholars call him "Mr Cao Lu". From the first year to Dayuan (1308), he was recruited as imperial academy Cheng, and from the first year of Dingyuan (132 1), he served as a bachelor of Hanlin. In the first year of Taiding (1324), he gave lectures to officials at the banquet and compiled a record of Yingzong.
It approved Laozi, Zhuangzi, the great mysterious classics, the music method and the Eight Arrays. And compiled Shuo Wen Jie Yi, Chun Qiu, Book of Rites and Guo Pu's Funeral Book. Tong Yuan died in the first year (1333) at the age of 85. He was made a duke of Linchuan and was named "Zheng Wen".
Wu Cheng is as famous as Xu Heng, and is also called "Northern and Southern Wu". He made great contributions to the spread and development of Confucianism in Yuan Dynasty. The complete works of Wu Wenzheng have been handed down from generation to generation. ? He once wrote Lie Zi Jie, which is now lost.
Wu Cheng studied classics all his life and worked tirelessly. He began to revise the Five Classics in his youth, and picked up various viewpoints in his middle age, judged them according to his own ideas, and then described them with articles. He worked hard to discover the "unfinished meaning" of Zhu's study of the Five Classics, and did not start compiling the Five Classics until his later years.
Except Shi Zhuan Yan, the other four books in Sikuquanshu are recorded: Yi Zhuan Yan, Shu Zhuan Yan, Li Ji Zhuan Yan, Chun Qiu Zhuan Yan, Yi Zhuan Yan Wai, Yi Li Yijing Zhuan, Xiao Ben and Moral Note.
Huang Zongxi commented in A Study of Cao Lu in the Song and Yuan Dynasties: "There are many scholars of Zhu Xi, but few scholars have gone deep into Confucian classics. Cao Lu's "Five Classics" is a meritorious martial arts, which can be obtained by everyone, including Jianyang (Zhu) and Beixi (Chen Chun, one of Zhu's "high disciples"). "
Indeed, while sorting out and revising the Five Classics, Wu Cheng also unscrambled its contents from the aspect of meaning, deeply discussed its micro-words and meanings, and invented the theory of Zhang Dazhu and Xi.
He got rid of the method of Confucian classics that was limited to literal exegesis in Han and Tang Dynasties, and completed the development process from Han and Tang exegesis to Yi annotation in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Undoubtedly, this is indeed the achievement of Confucian classics that "Zhu Xi's disciples are far behind". Even in the Yuan Dynasty, although many people studied the Five Classics, Wu Cheng made the most remarkable achievement.
3. Liu Yin (1249—1293), born in Rongcheng (now xushui county, Hebei Province), was a famous philosopher and poet in Yuan Dynasty.
Liu's father and ancestors were from the Jin Dynasty, so he regarded himself as a survivor of the Yuan Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. He wrote many articles mourning the Song Dynasty, and his thoughts and feelings were always at odds with Yuan and Meng. In the 19th year of Zhiyuan (1282), he was called to the DPRK as Dr. Chengde Lang and Dr. You Zanshan, and resigned soon after his mother died.
In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (129 1), the imperial court called up again, but Liu refused because of illness. In the 30th year of Yuan Dynasty (1293), Liu died of illness. The imperial court posthumously awarded the bachelor's degrees of Hanlin, Senior Minister and Shang Baojun, and posthumously awarded the titles of "Rongcheng County Duke" and "Wenjing".
Liu Yin was an important representative of Confucianism in the Yuan Dynasty, a master of Neo-Confucianism in the North in the early Yuan Dynasty, and played an important role in the turning point of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties. Liu Yinchu took Zhu as his ancestor and studied Confucian classics, but he did not strictly follow Zhu's portal. In the view of heaven, he attributed the ever-changing heaven to "Qi Qi", and advocated that he should be quiet, not connected with things, and forget things.
In terms of learning, he advocated reading the Six Classics, Language and Mencius first, and then reading history and philosophy in turn. He advocated that reading "must be explained before discussion". His theory of "no distinction between ancient classics and history" had a certain influence on Zhang Xuecheng's view that "all six classics are history".
4. Xu Heng (1209 May 8th-128 1 March 23rd), whose real name is called "Mr. Lu Zhai". Huaiqing Road, a native of Hanoi County (now Qinyang, Henan Province). Famous Neo-Confucianists and Educators in the Late Jin and Early Yuan Dynasties.
Xu Heng studied hard and was eager to learn. Later, in order to escape the war, he often traveled between Luohe and Luoyang. He got the works of Song Ercheng and Zhu from Yao Shu and gave lectures with Yao Shu and Dou Mo. In the fourth year of Yuan Xianzong (1254), Xu Heng was called by Kublai Khan to serve as the Jing Zhao and gave imperial academy a drink offering.
In the sixth year of Zhiyuan (1269), he was ordered to make an official system with Xu Shilong. In the eighth year of Zhiyuan (127 1 year), Ji Xian, a great scholar, was worshipped as a national son. He is also in charge of Taishi Museum and co-produced Taishi Calendar with Guo Shoujing. In the seventeenth year of Zhiyuan (1280), he returned to Huaiqing for rest due to illness.
In the eighteenth year of Zhiyuan (128 1), Xu Heng died at the age of 73, and was given the title of "Zheng Wen" as a doctor in Rong Lu, Si Tuleideng and posthumous title. Later, he was given to Zheng Xue, a teacher, a government official and Wei Guogong by Zheng Wen. In the second year of Qing Dynasty (13 13), he sacrificed to the Confucius Temple. He is the author of Reading Easy Private Words and Lu Zhai's suicide note.
Xu Heng served as the toast of imperial academy for a long time, presided over the education work, and spared no effort in publicity and education. Xu Heng's aim is to "educate people with fun and teach them face to face", so there are not only a large number of Han students but also many Mongolian disciples under his door. The principle of his teaching is "to be good by feeling, to be open by understanding", that is, to be persuasive and implicit.
In the eighth year of Zhiyuan (127 1), Xu Heng was ordered by Yuan Shizu to train a group of Mongolian nobles. Under his hard education, these young people who don't know Chinese have also become outstanding Confucian scholars who respect teachers and are conscientious. Many of them later "became ministers and a generation of famous ministers". Many disciples, such as Yao Sui and Lu Ye Shang You, have made achievements in their research.
5. Zheng, named Tieke, was born in Lifan Village, Kaihua County, Yuan Dynasty, and was a Confucian scholar.
By the time Emperor timur Khan was in power, the signs of the decline of the powerful Yuan Empire were gradually revealed: the rapid expansion of the ranks of officials, the intensification of corruption, and the unrestrained generous rewards to nobles and members of the royal family made the government lose its administrative vitality and financial balance, which soon led to the depletion of the national treasury.
In order to pay for this huge expenditure, exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes are increasing, which brings a heavy burden to the people. In addition, in 1967, disasters occurred one after another in various places, and the people were miserable, leading to many civil strife. Just when the court was at a loss, a Confucian risked his life to announce the Taiping policy.
Zheng, whose name is Tieke, was born in Wu. He dabbled in the history of books since childhood and wrote thousands of words in Wen Fu. He is a hero and does not shy away from power. It happened that Zheng Jing was recommended by the North and South, and he entered the Guangming Palace, where he has lived for more than 20 years. Things in the palace are confusing. I put my life and death at risk and call a spade a spade.
According to historical records, in the Yuan Dynasty, according to the regulations of the imperial court, the total number of officials in Beijing was 2,600. However, according to the statistics of 1294 unloading station, there are more than 10000 officials in Beijing alone, and more in all provinces. Most of these people do nothing with their salaries. At that time, governments at all levels were very inefficient.
In view of this, Taiping Policy has painstakingly described the harm of redundant officials in a large number of pages. Looking back on the administrative efficiency in Kublai Khan's era, Zheng said: According to the "Supreme Court" promulgated by 129 1, general affairs should be completed within 5 days, and medium affairs should be completed within 7 days. Even the most important things must be dealt with within 10 days.
But now, even trivial things, officials often delay for half a year, and important things can't be handled well even for a year. In this regard, he hit the nail on the head: redundant staff should be reduced and merged. However, the question of whether officials will stay or not has been discussed for half a year, and even now there is no news.
You know, adding an official is equivalent to adding a harm to the people, and saving a post is equivalent to saving the people a cigarette. This truth is clear, and things are easy to handle. What should be saved is saved, and what should be changed is changed. We can make a decision at once, so there is no need to hesitate.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zheng Yu (Yuan Dynasty Confucian, loyal minister (New Yuan History Loyalty and Righteousness Biography II))
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wu Cheng (Outstanding Neo-Confucianism, Confucian Classics and Educator in Yuan Dynasty)
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Yin (Yuan Agent)
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xu Heng
Baidu encyclopedia-Zheng