My husband is open-minded, but careless and has no characteristics in life. I miss the trip to the palace gate, but I have little knowledge and am hindered by the test center. Taste enters the business world and struggles for it, but it is useless and there is no way to struggle. I am content with being plain and not enterprising.
Huo Ran, life has wasted 24 years in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is nothing strange, and neither are others. I am ashamed, I am ashamed to face the ground, alas! It is said that heaven is natural, and heaven is not shameful. I will spend my whole life competing with heaven. The Book says, "Heaven rewards diligence", and I will definitely make a difference.
2. What are the main points of classical Chinese writing? As the carrier of traditional culture, classical Chinese plays an important role in promoting national inheritance and carrying forward traditional culture. However, at present, there is a single and passive phenomenon in the way of Chinese students learning classical Chinese. Students lack the opportunity and ability of independent exploration, cooperative learning and independent acquisition of knowledge, which leads to difficulties in the learning process. How can we talk about the beauty of reading classical Chinese? At present, the new curriculum puts forward higher requirements for students' reading of classical Chinese, emphasizing that in the process of Chinese teaching, students should "know the richness and broadness of Chinese culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture". Therefore, it is really urgent to let students contact classical Chinese from junior high school, stimulate their interest in learning classical Chinese and improve their enthusiasm and autonomy in learning. Faced with this situation, what strategies can be adopted to meet the needs of "autonomous" learning? \x0d 1。 Pay attention to reading aloud, perceive the text, and change passive acceptance into active learning. \x0d "Chinese Curriculum Standard" requires that reading teaching in each learning period should attach importance to reading aloud: through reading aloud, students can directly and truly perceive the content of the text and understand the author's thoughts and feelings, which is an effective way to change students' learning from passive acceptance to active discovery. The seventh grade students first came into contact with classical Chinese in the first unit. They have some difficulties in implementing the meaning of words, phrases and sentences in the text, so it is particularly important for students to perceive the whole content of the text without literary translation and understand classical Chinese through repeated reading. In teaching design, teachers' analysis and explanation are no longer used to replace students' independent perception of the text, but reading aloud is regarded as an important means for students to learn and understand. According to the students' situation, the teaching level of classical Chinese reading is designed, and different requirements are put forward for each reading, so that the main problems such as emotional theme can be solved through reading, thus improving students' overall perception of the article. \x0d For example, Teaching Children Fun (the first volume of the seventh grade of People's Education Edition) can be designed as follows: \x0d 1 Reading: Students are required to read the text freely, and they are required to recognize the glyphs and pronounce correctly. For example, the events are (Wei), (Jiang) and (He). X0d3 Reading: Students read the text together and think about the author's childlike interest. Students look for sentences that express childlike interest, and then the teacher guides them to implement the meaning of classical Chinese. \x0d4 Reading: Retell the contents of two pictures in the text in your own words. \x0d5 Reading: Look at the blackboard and try to describe the contents of these two pictures with sentences from the text. At this time, students can recite in class. It can be said that the most basic way to learn classical Chinese is reading. The emphasis is on reading, but the difficulty is also reading. However, we should pay attention to the changes in reading, so that students can use the strategy of group reading through initial perception, aesthetic reading comprehension, reading evaluation and learning comprehension, and finally achieve the effect of "seeing what they mean". Take reading as the starting point of learning classical Chinese, understand the text through reading, combine your own experience and background, and the openness of the reading materials themselves, so that students are interested in reading. Different students will make different interpretations of the text. Because they read the text clearly and think deeply, they will have the impulse to talk and communicate with others, and autonomous learning will naturally come. \x0d Second, provide a platform for interaction and cooperation, so that the awareness of autonomous learning can be maintained for a long time. \x0d The new syllabus and new curriculum reform require respecting students' individual differences, attaching importance to students' personality development and allowing learning. Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers must avoid "concentrated learning" and carefully organize learning activities to provide students with an interactive learning platform. Through student-student cooperation, teacher-student cooperation, deskmate cooperation, group cooperation and class cooperation, every student's interest in learning and active participation can be maintained for a long time. In the specific classroom operation, we can use questioning-independent thinking-group discussion-representative speech to achieve *. X0d Third, expand reading and strengthen students' interest in reading extracurricular classical Chinese. \x0d 1。 Accumulate some ancient literary phenomena and historical knowledge. \x0d Ancient cultural phenomena refer to ancient etiquette (utensils, tools, customs, names, place names, etc. ), such as "looking at history" (debate) in "looking at history". These words are ancient cultural phenomena. For example, the story of Yueyang Tower can understand why Fan Zhongyan wrote the words "Let the government be harmonious and let everything prosper" before rebuilding Yueyang Tower. If students don't have basic historical knowledge, it is difficult to understand Fan Zhongyan's "difficulties", so it is particularly important to supplement this knowledge in class. \x0d2。 Pay attention to the effective cohesion of ancient and modern meanings. X0d We can use modern Chinese to help students better grasp the meaning of classical Chinese. For example, we can talk about ancient Chinese knowledge in combination with students' favorite idioms: the word "fake" in "Preface to Dongyang" is translated into "borrow", and we can contact "Smith" to deepen students' impression. \x0d3。 Pay attention to the cultivation of knowledge transfer ability. \ x0d3 Students should get. It is far from enough to rely on a few classical Chinese exercises in the textbook in class, so teachers should encourage students to read classical Chinese after class on the one hand, and let them do some classical Chinese exercises with appropriate difficulty related to the text on the other hand, so as to get twice the result with half the effort. \x0d4。 There are many ways to improve the reading level of classical Chinese through writing. \ X0d can guide students to write "classical Chinese", give them certain materials, and let them express themselves in the form of classical Chinese. They don't pay attention to how clever the writing is, but only ask them to use the classical Chinese vocabulary they learned at school as much as possible. For another example, students are required to graft the artistic conception of ancient Chinese into the familiar reality in modern language, and organically link ancient Chinese with modern Chinese to realize the transformation of life.
3. Writing in Classical Chinese Although there was no "grammar" for writing in ancient China, the requirement for grammar in writing was even stricter than that in modern literature. Open an ancient book that has been handed down to this day at will, and we can see the author's superiority in choosing words and making sentences, and strive for brevity. In order to pursue the best expression effect, the author is ingenious in the position of sentence components, such as predicate preposition, preposition object and examples of attributive postposition. The prepositional structure with the word "Yu" often appears in ancient books, indicating that when expressing place, aspect, origin, object or comparison, it is placed after the verb as a complement, and this text is used as an adverbial. The prepositional structure with "one" is flexible in ancient Chinese, sometimes as an adverbial and sometimes as a complement. Quantifiers in modern Chinese are used before nouns, and quantifiers in ancient Chinese are used after nouns, so are quantifiers indicating the number of actions. There is also the omission of sentence elements, which is more common in ancient Chinese than in modern Chinese, and the omission is more complicated. Try to give a few examples. 1, the dialogue omits the subject. 2. When the subject is omitted. 3, slightly after the provincial theme (also known as exploring the province), such as "July": July in the wild, August in, September at home, October crickets into my bed. The first three clauses omit the subject "cricket", such as saving predicate, object and preposition.
In a word, I personally think that writing in classical Chinese is very strict with grammar.
4. Reading Classical Chinese (Composition) Since the fifth grade, I have tried to read classical Chinese. Like the original paragraphs in Peach Blossom Spring, Yueyang Tower and Wen Xin Diao Long, I can memorize some paragraphs in Tao Te Ching, but I can't put down some ancient poems and songs after reading them. Reading ancient Chinese is like writing calligraphy. You can get carried away by reading and writing. It is a cultural treasure that embodies countless wisdom of ancient sages in China. Reading ancient Chinese poetry has benefited me a lot. For example, Li Bai, a poet, wrote, "Five flowers, a thousand gold and a thousand furs, give them to the boy in exchange for good wine." His poems are bold and unrestrained. Du Fu's "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring" makes people unable to hide their thoughts after reading it. Alas, a letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold. Just as Confucius said, "It's a pleasure to learn from the times." There must be a teacher to learn from me, choose the good and follow it, and change it if it is not good. "These words let me appreciate life, feel life, improve my personality, and also let me learn how to be an upright person and fully enjoy the fullness and happiness of life. The Chinese nation has a history of 5,000 years, and how many good articles have been left. The story of Yueyang Tower is an article that many people have memorized since childhood, and it is still catchy when they grow up. When the spring is bright and the flowers are overflowing, people will become happy and excited and indulge in the scenery. It's wonderful! With the help of the ancient theory of benevolence, the author warns people to have the feeling of worrying about the world first, never forget the country and always be patriotic. Every time I recite it, I feel intoxicated and intoxicated. Another gain from reading ancient Chinese is that I often look up dictionaries and count strokes. I really realize that dictionaries are the best teachers. Only by reading ancient prose, reciting poems and looking up dictionaries can I learn more words and realize that many words are meaningful. There are many words with other meanings. I know that the dictionary covers the rich knowledge of astronomy, geography and history of the Chinese nation. Looking up the dictionary has benefited me for life. By studying ancient Chinese, I gradually understood some methods. As the saying goes, "Reading a book a hundred times speaks for itself". Reading more books, especially reciting them repeatedly, is a magic weapon to learn classical Chinese. Learning ancient Chinese should be rhythmic, fast and slow. You should have a sense of rhythm, tone, stiff eyes, feelings, momentum and the meaning contained in the text, which can not be understood at once, but gradually realized, understood and perceived through repeated reading. So I summed it up, learning ancient prose should master the basic knowledge structure, understand the correct meaning of ancient prose, read more and be familiar with it. Reading ancient prose, poetry and music is like walking on a shady path. Once upon a time, I let my thoughts fly to the junction of water and sky in the south of the Yangtze River, listening to the fishing boat singing late and wondering whether the midnight bell is welcoming the passenger ship; Once upon a time, I also thought, read more books, learn some real skills, go out and laugh, and sing whether our generation is wormwood. Learning ancient Chinese poetry is the best spiritual enjoyment for me, just like drinking tea, the more you drink, the more fragrant it becomes. Let's write a few ink and wash songs together and enjoy a poem. Ancient prose is really beautiful.
5. Reading Classical Chinese (Composition) Since the fifth grade, I have tried to read classical Chinese. Like the original paragraphs in Peach Blossom Spring, Yueyang Tower and Wen Xin Diao Long, I can memorize some paragraphs in Tao Te Ching, but I can't remember some ancient poems and songs after reading them. Reading ancient Chinese is like writing in brush. Reading and writing can get me carried away, and I am totally immersed in happiness.
Classical poetry is the essence of the Chinese nation and a cultural treasure that embodies the countless wisdom of ancient sages in China. Reading ancient prose and poetry has benefited me a lot. Like the poet Li Bai, his poems are bold and vigorous. After reading Du Fu's "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the vegetation will recover in spring", people can't help but think, alas, a letter from home is worth a thousand pounds. Confucius said, "It's okay to keep pace with the times", "You can make the past serve the present, so you can be a teacher", and "In a threesome, you must learn from me, choose the good and follow it, and change it if you are not good". These words make me appreciate life, feel life, perfect my personality, learn how to be an upright person and fully enjoy the fullness and happiness of life.
How many good articles have been left in the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower is an ancient and modern article. Many people are still catchy when they grow up, which is a swan song. When writing "Yueyang Tower", people will feel sad when dark clouds are gathering and drizzling. When the spring is bright and the flowers are overflowing, people will become happy and excited and indulge in the scenery. It's wonderful! The author also warns people to have the feeling of worrying about the world first, not to forget the country and to be patriotic at all times. Whenever I recite, my heart is intoxicated, intoxicated.
Another gain from reading ancient Chinese is that you often turn to the dictionary and count strokes. I really realize that dictionaries are the best teachers. Only by reading ancient prose, reciting poems and looking up dictionaries can we learn more words, and then we know that many words are wrong, many are polyphonic words, and many words have other meanings. I know that the dictionary covers the rich knowledge of astronomy, geography and history of the Chinese nation. Look it up in the dictionary and let me use it all my life.
By studying ancient Chinese, I gradually learned some methods. As the saying goes, "Reading a book a hundred times reveals its meaning". Reading more books, especially reciting them repeatedly, is a magic weapon to learn classical Chinese well. Learning ancient Chinese should be rhythmic, fast and slow, with a sense of rhythm. Tone, stiff eyes, feelings, momentum and the meaning contained in the text can not be understood at once, but gradually realized, understood and perceived through repeated reading. So I summed it up, learning ancient Chinese should master the basic knowledge structure, understand the correct meaning of ancient Chinese, read more and be familiar with it.
Reading ancient poems and songs is like walking on a tree-lined path, and the beautiful scenery on your face makes you dazzled. Once upon a time, I sat at my desk alone, holding an ancient poem by China, and integrated myself into the poems of Tang and Song Dynasties thousands of years ago, watching the flowers bloom and fall. Once upon a time, I let my thoughts fly to the junction of water and sky in the south of the Yangtze River, listening to the fishing boat singing late and wondering whether the midnight bell is welcoming the passenger ship; Once upon a time, I also thought, read more books, learn some real skills, go out with a smile and sing whether our generation is Artemisia.
Learning ancient poetry is my best spiritual enjoyment, just like tasting tea, the more you drink, the more fragrant it becomes. Let's write a few ink lyrics and songs together and draw a poem. The ancient prose is really beautiful!
6. Translate the following ancient prose: the method of composition (and exercises), the method of writing, the meaning of twists and turns, the method of writing articles is roughly as follows, (articles) have profound twists and turns, and the composition should use simple words, from shallow to deep; (Article) If the meaning is easy to understand, it should be written with profound and tortuous brushwork; When the topic of the article is familiar, writing uses novel methods that others have never used to supplement and express new ideas; If the topic is common, it is necessary to dig out its deep internal relationship, which is easy to be ignored by outsiders. As for other articles that can't be typed, we should stretch them out and write them out. If the article is long, you should delete unnecessary content to make it concise. If there are many slang dialects in the article, you should write them with words that are well known to the public. If the article looks messy, it is necessary to cut down the complexity and be quiet. This is the truth of tailoring.
7. Learning classical Chinese composition for the first time. Today we learned classical Chinese, and I am very excited.
In the first class in the morning, the teacher came into the classroom and said to us, "Today, we are going to learn a different article-classical Chinese. You certainly don't know what classical Chinese is.
Let me first talk about the origin of classical Chinese: during the Warring States period, people had not invented paper, so they could only write with bamboo slips and silks. Because silk is too expensive and bamboo slips are too heavy, people delete some redundant words and write the rest on bamboo slips or silk, which is classical Chinese. Classical Chinese was used by the ancients to record stories and things. It's short, pithy and wonderful.
People also call it: ancient prose. However, classical Chinese is quite difficult to learn. Contrary to the vernacular. "
At this time, I opened the book and looked at the classical Chinese. Although there were only dozens of words, it was difficult to understand. The teacher added, "As long as you do the trilogy well, you can learn classical Chinese well. The first step: love classical Chinese; The second step: read classical Chinese well; The third step: read classical Chinese. "
We nodded. The teacher also told us: "The meaning of words in classical Chinese is not the same as it is now. You should read it clearly and understand it."
At this moment, I thought: classical Chinese is really mysterious, and dozens of words can express a complete thing. It seems that I must learn it well. Unconsciously * * * rings.
After coming home from school at noon, I told my father about the classical Chinese I had learned. Hearing this, Dad said, "We must learn classical Chinese well, which is the essence of China culture. Poetry and couplets are all part of classical Chinese, so classical Chinese is very important.
I nodded my head. Then my father told me a couplet: Lian Old Master Q; Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of pupils.