2. Normal: normal; As usual. "Dongguan Han Ji Guang Wu Ji Ji": "The king of Wu Qi was harmed again, and the emperor ate, drank and had fun as usual." In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xie Lingyun's poem "Returning to the Three Waterfalls and Looking at the Two Rivers" said: "It is difficult to find common things, but you can know the nest safely." Zhang Song's Seven Sages "The Old Story of Luoyang Squire Meeting a Million-continent Swordsman": "Ordinary people are usually sincere and not easy to believe."
3. Usually: on weekdays; Usually. Tang Li Shangyin's poem "Jiucheng Palace" says: "To the west of Yuen Long, there is a twelve-story city, usually enjoying the rainbow in summer." Wang Song Anshi's poem "Fujian Drought": "The ditch at ordinary times is abandoned today, and the next household has been empty for a long time." Tang Ming's feast "Sichouweng" poem: "There is no return date here, and white clothes will be sent to the left. As usual, I was locked in nine. "
4. Usually: Usually; All the time. Zhuge Liang of Shu Kingdom in the Three Kingdoms, "Book with Meng Huo": "If you know the news, you will only sigh to keep your ambition." On Wang Jin and Xu Ruo's Su Shinan Dialect: "If you ignore the details, you will know that the great interest has passed."
5, leisure: leisure at home; Living at home with nothing to do. Biography of Historical Records of Sima Xiangru: "When I entered the official position, I never promised to cooperate with the official and the country, saying that I was sick and secluded, and I didn't admire the official position." Song Sushi's "A Letter to the Military Ambassador of Zhenjiang to Receive the Jubilee View and Send it to Han Jiang Quezhao": "It is not expected to invite the old to live in seclusion."
6. Daily: working days; In the past "Southern Qi Shu Gao Di Ji": "Be flexible and obedient every day, and it is impossible today." Tang Hanyu's "Congratulations to the Sun": "Although it is clear through the clouds, it is no different from ordinary days." "A Dream of Red Mansions" 77th time: "We may still have some money accumulated every day, so hang it out."
7. Daily: working days; Usually. Kyoto's popular novel "Bodhisattva Man": "But he is often a virtuous monk. He never leaves the mountain gate every day, but only recites the scriptures in front of the Buddha." "Shi Jing Tongyan White Snake Yongzheng Leifeng Tower": "Xu Xuan is penniless every day, and today he has some bad money. Do you want me to ask him?"
8. Daily: working days; In the past A Dream of Red Mansions (3 1): "When I think about this sentence, I feel that I will lose my heart if I think about glory and boasting later." The Legend of Heroes of Children dates back to 18: "That teacher was the most important scholar of that year. As soon as I heard that it was a scholar, I died and got off the sedan chair outside the door. "
9. weekdays: usually; Ordinary days (different from specific days, such as holidays, etc.) "An Biography of Han Ji": "The more the general hears about it, the more suspicious he is, and the more gloomy he is on weekdays." "Biography of Song Shu Shen You": "He is arrogant on weekdays, but he is really light to Zhou Shao. When he is respectful, he is vain." Jin Dong Jieyuan's "The West Chamber" Volume I: "It's spring on weekdays and I've won countless titles." Ruan Shengji's Old Records of Yixing County, an appendix to Janice's Biography of Fufeng in Qing Dynasty, said: "There was a woman in front of the couch who said she was married, so she came to visit Xu Sheng and told him that she was very familiar with the daily affairs at home." Lin Qingjuemin's Book with Wife: "I don't believe in ghosts on weekdays."
10, leisure time: normal time. "Yuan Zhang Dian, Official Department II, Prohibition and Sudden Upgrade": "When such tyrants are idle in the village, they have nothing to fear, dominate the city, control the state affairs, and even become officials at the court. Tao is like the wings of a tiger. " Chapter 26 of the Water Margin: "My wife cried,' Xiao Xinxin went out, but how could she come back like this! I don't know evil in my spare time. The 52nd time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "In those days, there was a hero who stole jade. It's only been cold for two years, and it's often mentioned when I have time; Now there's another gold thief. "
1 1, Yanju: retreat from the DPRK; Idle. Book of Rites Zhongni Yanju: "Zhongni Yanju, Zhang Zi, Zi Gong, Yan Youshi." Zheng Xuan's note: "Leave the DPRK and go to Yanju." Historical Records Biography of Zhang Shu in Shiwan: "The descendants of the winners are on the side. Although Yan Ju will win the championship, so will Shen Shen. " Sima Zhen's Suoyin: "Yan is also at leisure." Song Sushi's "Four Bodhisattvas Pavilion": "Being the first gentleman at first, it's nothing to do with yourself, living as usual, talking and laughing sometimes." "Preface" in the early Qing Dynasty: "When the rain and snow turn to ten days in spring, Yan is more idle."
2. In ancient times, did you speak classical Chinese in daily life? Classical Chinese is an article written in ancient Chinese, which has spread to modern ancient written materials in China, the earliest being Oracle Bone Inscriptions, about 4,000 years ago.
By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought had emerged to record historical facts and scientific achievements, and to expound philosophical and political views. Most of the 13269 printed works of 596 writers included in Hanshu Yiwenzhi were produced in this era.
Later intellectuals, from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, wrote articles based on the works of that era, and they were all written in classical Chinese, from words to grammar.
Classical Chinese and ancient Chinese are two concepts.
Although most ancient works, including works on literature, history, philosophy and natural sciences, were written in classical Chinese, that is, the vocabulary and grammar of the pre-Qin period were followed, some ancient books were written in the spoken language at that time. Some people call it the ancient vernacular, such as the "legend" of Tang and Song Dynasties and the novel "Water Margin" of the Journey to the West in Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the contrary, modern people also write articles in classical Chinese, such as Lu Xun's A Brief History of China's Novels and some letters of * * *.
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In other words: the so-called classical Chinese is an article written with the vocabulary and grammar of the pre-Qin period, not all ancient Chinese. Of course, it is even more impossible for the ancients to speak in classical Chinese, but due to the gap of the times, their vernacular Chinese still has some flavor of ancient Chinese today. ...
3. How to say "in daily life" in classical Chinese: 1, flat residence: weekdays; All the time.
2. Normal: normal; As usual. 3. Usually: on weekdays; Usually.
4, daily: weekdays; Usually. 5. Daily: working days; In the past
Make a sentence 1, go in peace, Nan Wang is not easy to be truly happy, what are you afraid of? How can your majesty be your minister? How can you be a cheap minister? Lu does not follow the Tao, although he does not take ten thousand points, but he does it alone and has his own will. Although he never tires of eating, how can your majesty be rich? How can I be poor? 2. Du Fu said that the fish and dragons are lonely and the autumn river is cold, so the country is peaceful and thinks about it. 3, be prepared for danger in times of peace, just bow your head, sit all day, like clay sculpture, thinking that you can't stand distractions, you are the real saint.
4. I don't know how to learn, so I am shallow and have no reason to know the world; You can't be a group, so it doesn't matter. Peaceful coexistence can't have the benefits of an orchestra and can't be bossed around by generals. Although I am familiar with the art of looking at qi, I am not proficient in the art of learning qi, and pay attention to the induction between man and nature. I have a previous judgment, partly because of skill and partly because of the prince's personal work.
6. Even in the July 7th Incident, when the Japanese announced that they would conquer China, the western civilized world, which sang "natural justice" in those days, was indifferent and silent.
Whether people in ancient times spoke classical Chinese or vernacular Chinese in their daily life has a long history in ancient times. There were scripts in the Song Dynasty, and some vernacular novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Jin Ping Mei, Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. , are just ancient vernacular, vernacular works in ancient literary world is only a few, classical Chinese was the mainstream at that time. 19 19 After the May 4th New Culture Movement, vernacular Chinese replaced classical Chinese as the mainstream of writing, which made classical Chinese gradually withdraw from the historical stage.
At that time, it was spoken in vernacular Chinese and written in classical Chinese, but different times were different. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was no difference between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese. For example, The Analects of Confucius was written in spoken language at that time, but in our view it was classical Chinese, and in their view it was vernacular.
It was not until later that there was a distinction between written language and spoken language, but the spoken language in ancient times was different from the spoken language now, that is to say, our expressions were different. For example, A Dream of Red Mansions was written in the vernacular at that time, but it is still very different from what we are talking about now. Is even the vernacular Chinese in the Republic of China a little different from ours?
Generally speaking, our communication with the ancients is problematic. More importantly, in the process of Chinese development, some words have been changed and some are no longer used. For example, the parts of speech of some words have changed. This makes communication more difficult.
Nowadays, movies, TV dramas and novels mislead many people, thinking that the ancients could not say the same thing as us. I suggest you go to see Four Great Classical Novels, because these books were written in the vernacular at that time. If you really can't stand it, go and watch the old CCTV TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Not a new film. The old version was played by Tang Guoqiang as Zhuge Liang, and the lines of this TV series are all dialogues in the book, intact. I hope it helps you.
By the way, it is very important that the vernacular Chinese is different in different periods. And even if you read a book, you should read it carefully and be straightforward. The dialogue in Romance of the Three Kingdoms was not spoken by people in the Three Kingdoms period, but by people who lived in Luo Guanzhong in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. Don't be confused, remember to remember!
All the above are my personal opinions. Please correct me if you have any questions. Please read my explanation carefully, thank you! I don't want you to misunderstand me. Especially the above paragraph is very important! ! !
5. Did ancient people communicate in classical Chinese in their daily life? Classical Chinese: refers to the written language used as a norm in China before the May 4th Movement.
Classical Chinese: An article written in classical Chinese
Therefore, it is obvious that classical Chinese is an ancient Chinese written language different from vernacular Chinese. What is emphasized here is written language, which is only used for writing, not for oral communication.
The spoken language of the ancients is different from the classical Chinese, but it is similar to the spoken language we use today.
For example, Peacock Flying Southeast is a folk song widely sung in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, so the language in it is very close to the spoken language at that time. Please look at the first sentence: "Peacock flies southeast, falling in five miles" is relatively simple, although it is not quite the same as today's spoken language, but it is not big. This can reflect the characteristics of spoken English.
Besides, Four Great Classical Novels's other three novels, except A Dream of Red Mansions, are all created on the basis of folk stories or stories told by storytellers, and their language features also have certain oral nature, which is what we call "half writing and half writing".
After the May 4th Movement, written language and spoken language were basically the same, so we can judge that the spoken language in modern China is similar to our spoken language today from the written language today or before liberation.
Therefore, ancient people used a language similar to our spoken language in daily communication, and only used those classical Chinese when writing articles to show that they were very knowledgeable, which was different from ordinary people who had never read books.
6. Find out the fixed structure in the classical Chinese short sentence 1 that can be used in daily life.
It is the shift and compression of "what is ... what is". What is (person, thing, thing) ...?
(1) Ask a woman what she thinks and what she remembers. Ask the girl what she thinks and what she misses.
(2) Selling charcoal to make money? (Bai Juyi's Charcoal Man) Translation: What is the money for selling charcoal? 2. He Ru (1) pronoun fixed structure. Often used to ask about the behavior or the nature of things.
Can be translated as "how". (2) Fixed structure for comparison.
It can be translated as "How about ...". Synonymous structures include and if, fine if, call if and Xi if.
Fan Kuai said, "What happened today?" Fan Kuai said, "What's the situation today?" (2) Why is Wang Yi like his father? Sima Qian's Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: What does your majesty think of (Zhao Kuo) compared with his father? 3. However, conjunctions have a fixed structure. "Ran" is a link between the preceding and the following, while "Ze" means inference.
In that case, then. (1) into trouble, also worry about retreat, but when to rejoice? (Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower) Translation: You should worry about entering the DPRK as an official, and you should also worry about retiring from the rivers and lakes. In this case, when can I be happy? However, a small solid can't be reversed, a small solid can't be reversed, and a weak solid can't be reversed.
In this case, a small country cannot resist a big country, a small country cannot resist a big country, and a weak country cannot resist a strong country. 4. It is a fixed structure whose result is (yes).
It can be translated as "therefore". Synonymous structures also include "based on this", "used", "used", "based on this" and "based on this".
(1) These are kindness, integrity, wisdom, loyalty and purity. Is based on the first emperor simply pulling away from your majesty. These people are kind and upright, and their will is loyal and pure, so the first emperor chose * * * as his majesty.
(2) the son and I don't send each other, so we know that the son hates his return. Sima Qian's "Xinlingjun steals the charm to save Zhao": I didn't see you off when you went, so I knew you would come back because you felt sorry.
5, something ... nothing ... these are two fixed structures with opposite meanings. "You" and "Wu" are verbs, and "Suo ……" is the phrase "Suo" as the object of "You" or "Wu".
Can be translated as "(people, things, things) have ..." and "(people, things, things) have no ..." (1) will be outside, the main order will not be affected, so that the country can. Sima Qian's "Xinlingjun steals symbols to save Zhao": The general is out (fighting), and the monarch's order is (not accepting) for the convenience of the country.
(2) The woman is lucky that she has nothing to take. (Sima Qian's "The Hongmen Banquet") Translation: Women are not favored without taking property.
6. One … and none … are two fixed structures with opposite meanings. They are used before predicate verbs and are equivalent to auxiliary verbs.
It can be translated into "(people, things, things)" which is useful to … and "(people, things, things)" which is useless. (1) I want to repay the prince.
Jing Ke stabbed the King of Qin: Only in this way can I have a chance to repay the Prince. (2) So don't tread, even if it is a thousand miles away; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river.
(Xunzi's "Persuasion") Translation: So if you don't accumulate small steps, you can't reach thousands of miles; Step by step, there is no way to become a river and sea. 7. Which is … and (if) is …
Compared with ..., who (which) ... When making a choice after comparison, it can be translated as "which is comparable"; In this case, it can also be used with the choice conjunction "and", which translates as "how about this"
(1) Who is Xu Hongmei and me in the north of the city? (Zou Ji satirizes Chabr, King of Qi): Who is more beautiful than Xu Gong in the north of the city? (2) for two lang boys, which is A Lang boy? (Liu Zongyuan's Biography of Children's Districts) Translation: Being a boy of two people is nothing like being a boy of one person. The meaning of ... also means the fixed structure of summative judgment. Among them, "zhi" is a structural auxiliary word to mark the preposition object; "Predict" is a verb, which means "say"; "Ye" is a modal particle expressing judgment.
It can be translated as "I said ...". There is a poem that says, "Others have a heart, but children want to."
-the master is also called. (Mencius' Qi Huan Jinwen Poetry) Translation: Poetry says: "Others have ideas, I can guess."
-(this) is a person like you. If "Zhi Wei" is located in a sentence and the object is after "Wei", this is another fixed structure.
It can be translated as "... called ..." and "... called ...". (2) this is called losing its true heart.
(Mencius "The Fish I Want") Translation: This is called losing shame. 9, such as ... what, if ... what, nai ... what is a fixed structure indicating how to treat or dispose of someone or something.
Among them, "Ru", "Ruo" and "Nai" are verbs with the meanings of "handling", "disposing" and "handling". "He" is a complement, used as "how" and "how"; The middle component is the object of "Ru", "Ruo" and "Nai". It can be translated into "about what" and "what to do".
(1) With your strength, you can't damage the hill of the monarch's father, such as Taihang and the prince of Wu. With your strength, you can't level the Kuifu Mountain. How about Taihang Mountain and King Wu? (2) What are the dangers? (Sima Qian's Biography of Xiang Yu) Yu Ji, Yu Ji, what should I do to you? 10, why ... why is Wei ... "Wei" is a fixed structure that expresses doubt or rhetorical question. Among them, "He" is an interrogative pronoun, which can be replaced by words such as "An", "Xi" and "Death". "One" is a verb with the meaning of "use"; Wei is an interrogative modal particle.
The former can be translated as "why (should) …" and "how …", while the latter can be translated as "where is it necessary?" And "What should we do?" (1) Since man is a knife and I am a fish, why should I resign? (Sima Qian's The Hongmen Banquet) Translation: Nowadays, people are all knives and chopping boards. We are fish, why should we sue?