China used charcoal to make steel in ancient times, and the melting temperature of pig iron was above 1000℃, so the potential of charcoal can be imagined.
Fuel, reducing agent for electric furnace smelting, is used as covering agent to protect metals from oxidation during refining. Carbon disulfide and activated carbon are often used as raw materials in chemical industry. Used as fuel in biscuit factories, smelters, etc. It is also used for filtering water, decoloring liquid and preparing black powder. It is also used in grinding, painting, cosmetics, medicine, gunpowder, carburizing, powder alloy and so on.
Extended data:
According to the raw materials used in charcoal combustion, it can be divided into:
(1) hard and wide charcoal. It is mainly composed of hardwood such as Quercus and Castanopsis in FAGACEAE, followed by birch. Such as Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Betula platyphylla, Quercus acutissima, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Elm, Acer, etc.
② Broad-leaved charcoal. Charcoal made by mixing hard hardwood and soft and hard wood. Such as poplar, linden and willow.
3 loose charcoal. Charcoal made of pine or other cork. Such as masson pine, Korean pine, spruce, etc.
Use:
1. Metallurgical industry
Charcoal was used to smelt iron ore. Even though the chemical composition of pig iron made from charcoal and coke is the same, its structure and mechanical properties are still different. Pig iron from charcoal smelting generally has the characteristics of fine grain structure, dense castings and no cracks. Pig iron produced by charcoal contains less impurities and is suitable for producing high-quality steel. Because of its reducibility, charcoal can be used to reduce ores and smelt metals in metallurgical industry.
In the production of nonferrous metals, charcoal is often used as a surface flux. When nonferrous metals melt, the surface flux forms a protective layer on the surface of molten metal to separate the metal from the gas medium, which can not only reduce the splash loss of molten metal, but also reduce the gas saturation in the melt.
A large amount of charcoal is also used to produce crystalline silicon, and the charcoal used to produce crystalline silicon should not contain green charcoal heads and excessive ash.
2.？ Manufacture of carburizing agent
All steels requiring high surface hardness, good wear resistance and good center toughness should be carburized. The carbon-containing mixture used for carburizing steel is called carburizing agent. The carburizing effect of pure carbon is poor. Therefore, charcoal is often used as raw material, and a certain amount of contact agent is added to make carburizing agent.
3.？ Carbon disulfide production
Charcoal is the best raw material for making carbon disulfide. Charcoal used to make carbon disulfide should be hard, bulky, low in ash and water content and high in fixed carbon content.
It takes about 0.5 tons of charcoal to produce 1 ton of carbon disulfide.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-charcoal