According to the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, from 20 17, the Central Agricultural Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized and carried out the national rural collective assets verification. Three years later, the financial situation of rural collectives finally appeared clearly in front of people. What is the distribution of rural collective assets in China? What changes have the assets verification brought to the countryside?
"A pot of porridge" has become "an account"
Rural collective assets are related to the vital interests of 600 million farmers, 290 million migrant workers and special groups in the village. For a long time, rural collective assets in some places have some problems, such as empty property rights, unclear accounts, undisclosed distribution and opaque management. Yu Kui, the second-level inspector of the Policy Reform Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that rural collective assets include resource assets such as land, forests and grasslands collectively owned by farmers, operational assets such as houses, buildings, machinery and equipment for business, and non-operational assets such as education, culture and health for public services. Carrying out assets verification in an all-round way is a basic work for the reform of rural collective property rights system and an objective requirement for protecting farmers' property rights and interests.
At present, the rural collective property in China is basically clear, and the total assets are huge. The total area of collective land in China is 6.55 billion mu, with book assets of 6.5 trillion yuan, including operating assets of 3. 1 trillion yuan, accounting for 47.4%; Non-operating assets were 3.4 trillion yuan, accounting for 52.6%. Wholly-owned collective enterprises exceed 1. 1 10,000, with total assets of 1. 1 trillion yuan. At the same time, assets are highly concentrated at the village level. Village-level assets are 4.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 75.7% of the total assets, with an average of 816400 yuan per village; The total assets at township level and group level are 0.7 trillion yuan and 0.9 trillion yuan respectively, accounting for 1 1.2% and 13. 1% respectively.
However, the distribution of assets among villages is still uneven, with more than 3/4 assets concentrated in 14% villages. In terms of geographical distribution, rural collective assets are generally distributed in a pattern of "6, 2, 2". The assets in the eastern region are 4.2 trillion, accounting for 64.7% of the total assets, and the assets in the central and western regions are roughly the same, accounting for 17.7% and 17.6% of the total assets respectively. From the perspective of asset management income, the income of 10.4% of villages is more than 500,000 yuan, mainly concentrated in urban villages, suburban villages and resource-rich villages.
Many villagers told reporters that before the assets were cleared, they felt that the village collective assets were "flowers in the mirror, the moon in the water" and could not be seen. The number of collective assets was unclear and the share they owned was also very vague. Assets verification has turned the past "one pot of porridge" into the present "one account", verified the stock, value and use of collective assets, and basically realized the settlement of the accounts. The data shows that the total rural collective assets in China increased by 0.8 trillion yuan, with an increase of 14.2%, of which fixed assets increased by nearly 750 billion yuan, mainly non-operating fixed assets formed by financial projects invested in collective economic organizations in recent years.
"Empty Shell Village" Becomes "Entity Village"
When reporters interviewed in rural areas before, they sometimes heard some farmers report that the collective assets were occupied and misappropriated by village cadres, and some farmers also reported that the collective assets were "empty-shelled" and the preservation and appreciation were not enough. "Managing and using collective assets well and preventing the loss of collective assets are related to the vital interests of farmers." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that in view of this, all localities are required to strengthen the supervision and management of rural collective assets. On the one hand, strengthen the supervision and management of collective members on the collective economy, implement democratic financial management, and standardize financial disclosure. On the other hand, we should do a good job in the regular audit of daily financial revenue and expenditure, the audit of village cadres' term of office and the audit of economic responsibility after leaving office, and strengthen the cage of the system through regular notification and accountability. Some places have achieved good results by making lists of small and micro powers.
Taking the opportunity of assets verification, all localities have solved the problems that infringe on the interests of the collective and the masses, such as chaotic use of funds, arbitrary disposal of assets, unfair resource contracting and harmonious relationship between the party and the masses. For example, Changling County, Heilongjiang Province, combined clean-up and rectification with eliminating evils, cracked 14 criminal cases of encroaching on collective assets, and all the illegally encroached 1700 hectares of grassland and forest land were returned to the collective. All localities have also improved the systems of collective assets inventory, registration, storage, use, disposal and regular reporting, and the collective assets management mechanism has been further standardized. For example, Shanxi, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other provinces have formulated measures for the confirmation and management of non-operating assets, focusing on the ownership and management subjects of assets such as schools, roads and water conservancy facilities.
The purpose of standardizing collective economic organizations is to develop and expand the collective economy. Since 20 16, the central government has supported 28 provinces and 4 cities with separate plans to carry out pilot projects to support the development of village-level collective economy with awards instead of subsidies. In 20 18, the Organization Department of the Central Committee, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly issued a document, clearly planning to support about 654.38+10,000 villages across the country to develop and expand the collective economy by 2022. From June 2065438 to June 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued a document to encourage all localities to explore effective ways to improve the collective economy of weak villages in poor areas by developing industries and revitalizing resources. By the end of 20 19, weak villages with collective economic income less than 654.38+million yuan and operating income less than 50,000 yuan had been completely eliminated in Zhejiang province.
With the advancement of reform, more and more rural collective economic organizations have received "identity cards". On October 20 18 165438 10, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued registration certificates for 10 collective economic organizations for the first time, which indicated that rural collective economic organizations in China had "identity cards". In order to support the development of the collective economy, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China, issued policies to clarify the reduction and exemption of relevant deed tax and stamp duty in the reform process and reduce the reform cost; In conjunction with the People's Bank of China and the General Administration of Market Supervision, a document will be issued to guide all localities to do a good job in registering and assigning codes to rural collective economic organizations and opening bank accounts. By the end of May this year, more than 340,000 village collective economic organizations had received registration certificates.
The "red notebook" became a "red ticket"
Liu Changquan, director of the Industrial Economics Office of the Rural Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the problems of rural collective economy are highlighted in operating assets. After years of accumulation, the collective economy in many places has developed and formed a large number of operating assets. If the property right is unclear, the power is imperfect, and the integration and innovation mechanism is inactive, it is difficult for these assets to play their due role under the market economy system. Based on this, the central government proposed to basically complete the reform of the joint-stock cooperative system of rural collective operating assets by the end of 20021.
"Through assets verification, we can see that China has 3. 1 trillion yuan of operating assets, which is the main source of collective economic income." According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, among them, the operating fixed assets such as factories, shops, machinery and equipment that are expected to bring benefits exceed 1 trillion yuan. There are 654.38+0.55 billion mu of collective land resources such as cultivated land, garden, woodland and grassland that have not been contracted to households, of which 36% are leased or invested in new business entities.
According to the principle of pilot first and orderly progress, China has carried out four batches of reform pilots. On the basis of assets verification, all localities have standardized the work of confirming membership, converting shares into quantitative assets, establishing and improving organizational structures, and handling registration and coding. By the end of 20 19, the central pilot units included 15 provinces, 89 cities and 442 counties (cities, districts), and the pilot units at all levels had covered about 80% of the counties in China. In March this year, the Central Agricultural Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs invited non-province-wide 13 pilot provinces to push forward the reform in an all-round way. In addition, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other three provinces and cities have basically completed the reform task. At this point, the reform pilot has achieved full coverage at the provincial level.
The reporter learned that all localities pay attention to exploring and innovating in reform and solving reform problems. Adhere to the dominant position of farmers, formulate unified guiding opinions on the membership confirmation of county or city collective economic organizations, and hand over specific identification standards to the masses for consultation on the basis of clear policy bottom line; Adhere to classification and promote implementation. The reform is mainly aimed at villages with operating assets. With the promotion of poverty alleviation, some economically underdeveloped areas have formed some assets through government grants, tax reduction and exemption, etc. These areas have also established and improved rural collective economic organizations according to the changes in the situation.
Up to now, 4 1 10,000 villages across the country have completed the reform of the rural collective property rights system, and more than 600 million members have confirmed their rights. All localities have actively explored the modes of collective economic development such as resource development, property leasing, rural tourism and agricultural production, which have revitalized the collective resource assets. Grass-roots cadres say that the reform has clarified the family background of the collective, who its members are and the relationship between the collective and the peasants. The "little red book" in the hands of farmers has become a "red ticket", which is a tangible result.