This year’s hot weather has caused many people to complain
They all lamented: My life was given by the air conditioner
For this comment, Shi Chaojun said: I'm convinced
But this kind of hot summer and cold winter were left to ancient people
There was no electricity or air conditioning
I wonder how they survived?
In fact, in addition to using ice
The ancients also cleverly used the characteristics of the building structure
to keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer
< p>And the earliest air-conditioned building in historyis actually located in Nanjing...
Zhanyuan
Shi Chaojun knows
< p>The most familiar thing about Zhanyuan is thatit is the filming location of "The Legend of White Snake"
But I think many people may not know it yet
The "Fan Pavilion" in Zhanyuan is the earliest air-conditioned building in the world
It is named because it looks like a folding fan
Chapter 53 of "The Scholars" "Guogong's Mansion Stays with Guests on a Snowy Night, and the Lights and Flowers in the Laibin Tower Amaze Dreams" describes in detail the scene when Xu Da's eleventh grandson Xuyong invited his cousin Chen Munan to his home to enjoy plum blossoms on a snowy night.
Chen Munan said: "Although your residence is different from the outside, why is it so warm?" Xu Jiugong said: "Fourth brother, don't you see that the snow is not within one foot of the pavilion? This pavilion But it was built during the reign of the late Duke. It was all made of white copper and had a coal fire inside, so it was so warm. Why is there such a place outside!" After hearing this, Chen Munan realized the reason.
To put it bluntly, I was in the pavilion in the middle of winter. It was so warm that I even took off two pieces of clothing without feeling cold. There was no trace of snow around the pavilion.
The principle is that there is a cave under the fan pavilion that leads directly to the pavilion. In winter, the servants of the palace burn charcoal fires in the cave and reach the white copper pillars in the cave through the land roots. The heat conduction principle of white copper is used to transfer heat into the entire white copper. The pavilion makes the pavilion as warm as spring.
It's like boiling a pot of water. The stove below keeps heating up, and the temperature in the pot will naturally not be low.
This building predates modern air conditioning by 600 years. This method of using building components as heaters is still rare in Chinese garden architecture.
In addition to this warm place in winter
There is also a cool place in summer
This is also the wonder of Zhanyuan
The west rockery of Zhanyuan There is a pavilion on top, called "Suihan Pavilion", with a plaque written in Wuzhongqi's handwriting, which is the largest and most exquisite pavilion in Zhanyuan. Pines, bamboos, and plums are planted in front of the pavilion, hence the name, and it is also called Sanyou Pavilion. The ventilation around the pavilion makes it very cool in summer, just like the cool breeze of modern air conditioners. It is really a wonderful workmanship.
Not only Zhanyuan
As early as in various dynasties
The ancient people of our country used their wisdom
to invent various summer escapes Architecture
Cave room
As early as the pre-Qin period, the most popular "air-conditioned room" - the cave room, which used underground cold sources or placed ice cubes to achieve The purpose of cooling and regulating is the original structure of the modern "basement".
"Zuo Zhuan: The Thirty Years of Duke Xiang" records: "Bo Zheng had wine in his cave, and he drank wine at night and struck the bell, and the court was not over yet."
Probably It means that during the Zheng Dynasty, some people liked to drink, so they built a cave specifically for drinking and having fun in the cave at night, staying up all night.
It can be seen that at that time, some important dining activities in summer would be arranged in the cave, which was very similar to how people today go to an air-conditioned nightclub for a drink after get off work, and it was quite enjoyable.
"Qingliang Hall"
The "Qingliang Hall" entry in the anonymous ancient book "Sanfu Huangtu" has this record: "With painted stone as a bed, the writing is like brocade, and the purple glazed tent , use purple jade as a plate, like a dragon, decorated with miscellaneous treasures", "and use jade crystal as a plate, store ice in front of the knees, jade crystal and ice are clean."
To translate, the high-end stone bed itself is a good product for summer use, and an imported jade crystal plate filled with ice cubes is placed next to it. What's even more amazing is that the waiter was asked to stand next to him and fan him. In this way, multiple cooling, naturally cool and comfortable.
Imagine this luxurious scene, and you seem to feel a little bit of coolness.
Pictures of the Ancients Relieving Summer
"Hanliang Hall"
According to the "Boldness" chapter in Volume 4 of "Tang Yulin", Chen Zhijie was called "Han Liang Palace" by Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. When I arrived at the Hanliang Hall, I saw that "(Li Longji) sat behind a fan chariot driven by water, and the wind hunted the skirts of his clothes." The first thing mentioned was the chariot driven by water, and then he was "given a stone couch to sit on." He felt "gloomy and pondered. The sun cannot be seen, and water accumulates in all corners, forming curtains and splashing, and the seats are filled with ice."
"Hanliang Hall" uses a "water-driven fan machine", that is, water is used to turn the fan blades, and the fan blows cold water. Air conditioning is formed. There is a circulating cold water source in the hall, so water flows down from all sides, forming a water curtain. This is to install water pipes on the four eaves of the palace to guide water to the eaves. Cold water circulates on the house, and the indoor temperature naturally drops, and the cooling effect is excellent, achieving the cooling effect of "freeze inside the seat".
Restoration map of the Hanliang Hall in the Daming Palace
Some wealthy families in the Tang Dynasty also built their own "air-conditioned buildings" for summer vacation, or "Ziyu Pavilions". This principle.
For example, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, King Yin of Jingzhao used this technology to build a "Ziyu Pavilion" in his mansion. Its cooling effect can be said to be "when it is in summer, it is as cold as autumn."
Simulation diagram of Ziyu Pavilion
In fact, to put it bluntly, the core device of this principle is just a waterwheel. It’s just that other people’s waterwheels lift water to irrigate farmland; water pouring on the roof.
Principle Schematic
"Air Conditioning Well"
The Ming Dynasty scholar Gao Lian described it in "Eight Notes of Zunsheng": "Huodu Villa, one hall" There are seven wells in the middle, all of which are carved and covered. If you sit on them in summer, the seven wells will be cool and you will not know the heat. "It is the air-conditioning well.
Rich people in the Ming and Qing Dynasties used "air-conditioning wells". They dug a deep well in the hall or a room where it was needed, covered it with a cover, and drilled holes in the cover. In the summer, air-conditioning came out from below. In winter, heating is turned on to ensure that the temperature in the hall is relatively stable and pleasant.
This kind of "earth chamber" is quite similar to the modern "cave dwelling". The cave dwelling is warm in winter and cool in summer: there is a cave dwelling covered with dozens of meters of thick soil. It is extremely cold in winter and extremely hot in summer. Heat is impermeable and the natural temperature inside the kiln remains relatively stable.
Rich people can still rely on cleverly designed houses and ice cubes
Ordinary people can only shake it with a small fan
Finally, the food court Jun reminder
After the summer heat
Drink more water to prevent autumn dryness
It is advisable to eat more heat-clearing and calming foods
So-called, calm the mind Naturally cool