1, how to expose correctly?
First, set the camera shooting mode to M gear, that is, full manual gear. If you don't know how to shift to M gear, just read the instruction manual, and I won't explain it later. If you don't understand, just turn to the instructions. Some people say that M file is not practical, and it is difficult for beginners to master, but I think M file is more suitable for beginners to learn, because M file needs to manually adjust the aperture and shutter, which makes it easier for beginners to quickly grasp the relationship between aperture and shutter and its impact on imaging. Anyway, I shoot m files as long as it's not an emergency.
If you want to take pictures in M-file, you must be able to adjust the aperture and shutter. From the LCD screen, there are three data on the top of the horizontal row, the shutter speed on the far left, the light persuasion size in the middle and the ISO sensitivity value on the right. Usually, when the light is not very dark, we should set the ISO value to 100. If the light is dim and we don't want to turn on the flash, we can turn it up appropriately. Then the aperture and speed are not fixed, depending on the ambient light and the object you want to shoot. Don't worry, step by step. ...
Let's talk about how to adjust the shutter speed, aperture and ISO for M file. You can adjust the shutter speed by directly rotating the control wheel. Hold down the Av key in the upper right corner of the LCD screen and rotate the dial at the same time to adjust the aperture size. There is an ISO button on the side of the control panel. Press it, and then use the arrow keys on the back of the machine to select ISO. After selection, press the SET button in the middle of the arrow keys to confirm. After we know how to tune, we will practice in actual combat. Let's find a doll or something at home and practice first.
At this time, if you want to practice with your daughter-in-law, it is estimated that it is easy to practice your phobia of taking pictures of your daughter-in-law ~ In general, the best imaging aperture of 18-55IS lens is 8. First set the aperture to 8. At this point, set the aperture to 8, ISO 100. After setting, put your eyes close to the viewfinder, then aim at the subject, press the shutter halfway, and you can shoot when you hear the beep indicating that the focus is complete.
In the viewfinder, we can see the following row of green numbers and scales. Let's talk about their meanings. On the far left is the speed, which is1125 seconds. The second is the aperture 8. The middle scale is for test exposure, and the right scale is ISO 100. We noticed a small vertical bar under this exposure scale. Left tilt means underexposure, and right tilt means overexposure. At this time, the photo will glow, and it is most appropriate to take only the middle, but this is not absolute. This is just a reference, because different metering modes and your focus will have a certain impact on this, but let's not talk about it.
At this time, if your light gauge buoy is right in the middle, you can shoot directly. If you are on the right, you need to adjust the speed to11601/2001/2501/3201/400 until the track gauge is right in the middle. If you are shooting still objects (including people with still scenes), don't adjust it too fast. If 1/500 is still to the right, it means that you are shooting in a sunny and very good light environment. At this time, you should stop the speed at 1/500 seconds and then adjust the aperture to decrease. Lowering the aperture means increasing the aperture value. Then zoom out until the light buoy is in the middle. If your aperture is adjusted to 22 or to the right, you should continue to adjust the speed.
By the way, if you are photographing the sun, that's not good. Shooting the sun will burn out your eyes and the CCD of your camera. If you shoot indoors and the lighting conditions are not good, you will usually leave a scale, that is, underexposure. At this time, you should slow down11001/801/601/40 65438+. If you are shooting a living person, 1/30 is already the limit. It's easy to blur the picture at this time, because the model will move and your hands will shake. 1/30 seconds means that the shutter will close automatically after pressing the shutter, which means that everything that happens in front of the lens will overlap within the range of 1/30. If you shoot a still object, the speed can be reduced to about one second, depending on whether your hand is stable enough. Take the photographer as an example. If it is adjusted to 1/30 seconds or to the left, it means that your current shooting environment is very dark. Maybe your eyes can still see clearly. That's because your eyes have a big aperture, and your lens doesn't have that big aperture. ...
At this time, you have to lower the bottom aperture. If the lens is opened to the wide-angle end, that is, the 18mm end, your everbright aperture is 3.5, but generally the lens aperture is opened to the maximum shooting effect, which is not ideal. Therefore, it is generally shot in two gears, that is, the maximum opening is 4.5. If there is still a scale after 4.5, it is necessary to improve the sensitivity, that is, increase the ISO value. Don't think it's abnormal, it's normal.
Now the scale of aperture 4.5 speed 1/30 is still on the left, so raise ISO to 200, 400 if it doesn't work, 800 if it doesn't work, or turn on the flash. If it doesn't work, or don't want the flash to cover up the lighting effect, then raise ISO again and set ISO to 65438. If not. Then stop filming. You can't take pictures where you can't see your fingers.
Adjust the ruler to the middle and you can shoot. Press the play button on the back of the fuselage after taking a picture to see how the shooting effect is. If you can't see clearly, press the+key in the upper right corner of the back of the camera to zoom in. If it feels too bright, move the ruler to the left and shoot again. If it is still on, continue to move to the left. If it is too dark, adjust the ruler to the right; if it is still dark, adjust it to the right again.
Okay, are you dizzy? Do you find it difficult and complicated? Have no confidence to study? Don't go anywhere ~ I finished writing here, and it's gone. That's all. I will take a dizzy rest and watch it again and again. Try it a few times and you'll be proficient. That's all.
2. Relationship between aperture shutter speed ISO
The following is an extended reading. When you have mastered how to adjust the aperture speed and ISO, and can skillfully adjust these three values to the appropriate gear in various light, even if you get started, you can already use the camera. Then it's time to learn the following knowledge. Later, I will talk about aperture shutter and ISO. There is nothing else in the camera, just these three kinds. In the past, the traditional physical SLR only had aperture and shutter, and ISO was realized through film. 100 ordinary film sensitivity also has high-sensitivity ISO200 film, which has never been used since. There must be one.
Now let me talk about what aperture shutter and ISO do respectively:
Shutter speed, as I just said, is the time after pressing the shutter. I think it is better to use1125 to 1/250 when shooting still life. If sometimes shooting moving objects such as speeding cars, 250 may still be a little empty, then continue to increase the speed. Let's talk about the shutter first ~ The reason why a digital camera can take pictures is because it has a photosensitive element, just like eyes. It can store what it sees on the memory card of your camera, but you said that the memory card will be full if it looks at it blindly for a few minutes all day, so it can't look at it casually, so it has a shutter, just like people's eyelids. In order not to look around, I always close my eyes and cover them with my eyelids, so that I can't see anything. Shutter speed is the time for eyes to open and close.
Now do as I say, close your eyes, and then try to open them at a speed of1125 seconds and then close them again immediately. Don't open them in a hurry, remember that if the scene you just saw is a little dark. If it's not dark, it means you're not fast enough. Blink a few more times. Try blinking again at the speed of one second, and you can see clearly, right? So the slower the shutter speed, the brighter the photo, and the faster the shutter speed, the darker the photo. But what you see when you open your eyes for an hour is still normal brightness, not as violent as a camera. If you set the camera shutter to 10 second during the day, it is estimated that the photos taken will be too bright and all white.
But why doesn't this happen to people's eyes? That's because the human eye automatically adjusts the aperture size, that is, the pupil size. You can observe your daughter-in-law's eyes to see how big the pupils are, and then shine a flashlight on her eyes to see if the pupils are narrowed. It will definitely shrink, because the eyes will automatically narrow the aperture and reduce the amount of light entering. Turn off the flashlight and see if the pupils are dilated again. This is the same as the aperture. If the aperture is enlarged (that is, the value is reduced), you will see more clearly in poor light. If you lower the aperture, it will darken the scene in front of you in too bright light. ISO is like the light sensitivity of the eyes. After knowing their principles, I will talk about their influence on taking pictures.
The slower the shutter speed, the easier it is to blur. It is best to ensure that the normal hand-held shooting is more than one sixtieth of a second. But it's not good if it's a few thousandths of a second faster.
The larger the aperture, the brighter the photo. The smaller the aperture, the darker the photo.
The higher the ISO, the brighter it is, but ISO 100 is usually used. Because the higher the ISO, the less clear the photo is. This definition is different from the blur of the slow shutter, but the picture quality is low and the picture is rough, so I usually set the ISO to the lowest level to take pictures.
This explains a lot. What does it say? I didn't learn any useful knowledge from here.
Yes, I didn't teach anything, but I explained the principle, which is helpful for future study. ...
3. How to take a photo with a blurred background?
Let's talk about how to take a photo with a blurred background. Most people like to highlight the theme with a blurred background, just like the photo above, which is perfect in blurring and the characters are outstanding. For ordinary photographers, this effect can be used. If you are traveling to Jiuzhaigou, don't take photos in this way.
The so-called background blur is actually that the depth of field is too small to make the scenery out of focus unclear. The so-called focus is the focus of the object you want to shoot.
Drag a few nouns
Focal length: The distance from your camera to the focal position of your subject is the focal length.
Focus: The center of your focus is the focus.
Lens focal length: refers to the distance between a group of lenses inside the lens. The greater the focal length of the lens, the closer the distance, and the farther the scene is seen.
Focal length: refers to the zoom range of the lens. 18-55 means that the focal length can be changed between 18 mm and 55 mm
Lens focal length and aperture are two important factors that affect the depth of field. The larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field, the larger the lens focal length and the smaller the depth of field. If you want to blur more, turn the aperture to the maximum (don't forget to charge two gears, which is 4.5), and the focal length of the lens is your 18-55 lens. Pull to the end of 18 mm, that is, the focal length of18 mm. If you want to take a blurred effect, you should increase the focal length of the lens as much as possible. The greater the effect, the better. Your ceiling can be adjusted to 55. Take 55 pictures. When the focal length of the lens increases, you will stand farther and farther away from the subject. Then adjust the speed and ISO to adjust the exposure, that is, adjust the position of the buoy of the scale.
Then the background of the photo will be blurred. But the blur effect of your photos is definitely not as strong as mine, because the lens is different. To achieve that blur effect, you have to have a lens focal length of 100mm and a larger aperture.
On the other hand ... travel to Jiuzhaigou to take photos, and you can't blur the background, otherwise you will go for nothing. At this time, you should try to make the background clearer. This is easy, hard to blur, and easy to think clearly. Just don't open the aperture so big, the aperture background above 8 will be clearer.
Generally speaking, as long as there is no need to set off the foreground behind the subject and there is no good scenery, the method of background blur should be used.
4, the choice of lens focal length
Let's talk about the choice of lens focal length, 18-55mm zoom lens. When the photographer and the subject are fixed, adjusting the focal length of the lens can enlarge and narrow the viewing range. Pull the focus of the lens to the position of 18. At this time, you can take a full-body photo of the model at a distance of about two meters. However, this is not good. If the mobile space allows, it is best to shoot people with a height of more than 50 mm. When taking full-body photos of people, they should be shot at a distance of about five meters from the subject. But the head of 18-55 may be a little far from five meters. Then it is four meters ~ 18mm, that is, the wide-angle end will deform the subject, for example, the legs and feet of the person sitting in front of you will become very big and small. Deformation. Not good-looking, unless you want to shoot that artistic effect.
5. How to shoot the night scene?
Say again how to shoot the night scene.
You need to buy a tripod to shoot beautiful lights and buildings at night.
Then use the wide-angle end to shoot, and generally use the wide-angle end to shoot a wide range of scenery. Then the aperture receives 16 and ISO 100. Then put the camera on a tripod to shoot. When the aperture and ISO are fixed, the brightness can only be adjusted by the shutter speed. Generally, when shooting architectural lights in the city after it is completely dark, the shutter speed should be adjusted to 15 seconds or more. The maximum exposure time can be adjusted to 30 seconds. If it's still dark after 30 seconds, shoot it somewhere else.
An old country has nothing to shoot in the dark. If you want to shoot the stars in the sky or the countryside in the dark, then 30 seconds is really not enough, so keep tuning. After 30 seconds, it will turn into a light bulb, which is what we call door B. At this time, there is no time limit. Press the shutter button to open the shutter, and the shutter will close as soon as you let go. At this time, all you have to do is take a watch in your hand and time it. You can drive for hours. When I was in junior high school, I filmed "Hundred Things Return" and exposed it for three hours with door B.
Then a few days later, when the photo was developed, I found that the comet was on the edge of the photo when my lens was taken. After a long exposure, the comet ran outside the viewfinder. It's too late to do anything at this time. The comet has long since disappeared, and it will be another 20 million years before I can shoot a hundred and fifty stars again. I don't think I can wait until then. Depressed, at that time, if you have a digital camera, you can directly see if you have taken it well. By the way, taking photos with door B requires a cable release besides a tripod, and generally 30 yuan is enough.
If there is no cable release, press the shutter for two hours after exposure. No one can stand it. Even if you can stand it, your hands will shake, which will affect the photo-taking effect. Therefore, it is necessary to use cable playback, even if the exposure speed is a few seconds, that is, cable playback is better, because when you press the shutter, the camera will move to blur the picture, especially when the exposure time is 1/30 to 5 seconds. If there is no cable release when shooting with a tripod, you can set it to self-timer mode.
Another thing to be reminded is that if you use a tripod to take photos, it is best to cover the viewfinder with a viewfinder to prevent excess light from entering the camera and affecting the photo effect.
No, that's all. It's really gone this time. I'll explore the rest myself slowly. In addition, what I need to learn at this time is the theoretical knowledge about framing and composition, which I have to learn. If I have time, I can go online to find such articles and study them.
After reading these, the level is almost the same as mine. If you want to make progress, you can find more tutorials online or find a serious teacher to teach.
6. How to focus when the subject is not in the middle of the picture?
Regarding focusing, there are three focusing methods, namely single AF artificial intelligence focusing AF artificial intelligence servo AF, which is different from my Sony. Mine is single automatic continuous, and I usually use single AF. I haven't studied the other two focusing modes of Canon. The so-called single autofocus is to start focusing when the shutter is half pressed, and enter the focus lock state before you release the shutter after focusing. At this time, no matter how you move the camera, you will not focus again. This is very useful when taking photos where the subject is not in the center of the picture. When taking a photo where the subject is not in the center of the picture, aim at the center of the picture first, then press the shutter half-way, and don't release the shutter after focusing. At this time, move the camera to make a composition and put the subject in the position you want.
The 500D has a multi-focus mode, but I don't usually use it. I only focus on the center point, because focusing on the center point is the most accurate, and it is more troublesome to choose other focusing points. This is how I concentrate.
7. How to take a portrait outdoors in the dark?
Let's talk about shooting people in the dark. If you shoot people in a brightly lit city building at night, you must use a flash. But in general, if you shoot people directly with a flash, it will be very bright, but it is difficult to see the lighting effect of the surrounding buildings. At this time, you should slow down. When you take a photo with a flash, the aperture is usually 8, and then you can slow down to one second or even slower. You don't have to worry about shaking people, because the flash is already shooting people.
Then the flash mode of the flash is adjusted to slow synchronization, so that the effect of shooting is that the characters are illuminated by the flash and shot clearly, and the lights of the buildings behind can also be integrated because of long exposure. If it's still dark for a second, then raise the ISO appropriately. In addition, when using the flash, it should be noted that the action distance of the flash is limited, and it should not be too far away from the subject.
Finally, several laws are summarized: ISO has a great influence on image quality, so it is not necessary to use high ISO. Generally, the shutter is set to 8 to take pictures. If you want to blur, you can use the shutter speed to adjust the brightness. If 1/30 is still too dark when you shoot by hand, you can only improve ISO. If you shoot a fixed object with a tripod, although long exposure will affect the image quality, the exposure time will be better than high ISO. When the light is too strong, for example, when shooting outdoors on a sunny day, it is suitable to narrow the aperture (that is, increase the aperture value) ... These are just references, not absolute, but when you can't find a reason to overturn these rules, keep shooting according to this rule until you have your own ideas.
With a SLR, of course, you have to take some photos that the card machine can't do. Speak one by one, and add whatever comes to mind.
8. How to take photos of dynamic cars?
Take this kind of dynamic car ~ The photo looks very dynamic, the car in the picture is very clear, the background is the wind speed effect, and the wheels are spinning. This kind of photo is easier to take. Shooting method: Set the shutter speed to115 seconds, and then slowly adjust the aperture according to the shooting ring mirror. Then stand on the side of the road a little far away from the car, shoot with the lens of 18-55 at the end of 55mm, and then stand at the position about 10 m away from the road, and adjust the focus mode to 【 artificial intelligence servo AF 】 mode, which is suitable for shooting objects with a large moving range, such as moving cars, boats, birds and people running and walking. ~ In this mode, the lens is in continuous focus when the shutter is half closed.
Adjust the shutter aperture, set the focus mode of 【 Artificial Intelligence Servo AF 】, and wait for the car to pass by. When you see a car passing by, aim at it immediately, then focus on a fixed part of the car with the center of the viewfinder, and then the body rotates with the movement of the car. When the car comes in front of you, press the shutter to take a picture. One trick is that when the car drives in front of you, the body does not rotate with the car, but translates with the car at this moment.
Try a few times and practice a few times, mainly to practice the stability of the hand and the speed of following the car. If the shooting is ideal, the car is very clear, and the trees and buildings on the roadside form a wind speed effect. If the success rate is high, you can try to lower the shutter to110 seconds and try again. If you always fail, use 1/20 1/. But this is just taking pictures of other people's cars, and no one can guarantee the success rate of 100%. So how do you take pictures of specific cars? It's also easy. For example, if you want to shoot a car, you need a person to drive another car (car B) to cooperate with you. You sit in the passenger seat of car B, and car B drives parallel to car A at the same speed on the left side of car A, and then shutter115. At this time, because the distance between the two cars is close, it is not difficult for you to shoot from a wide angle, because (note, don't take pictures while driving. )
Q: Why can't you get the master's effect after trying all kinds of exposure and shooting methods?
A: Taking outdoor photos depends on the time, season and weather. For example, in summer in Qingdao, the scenery in the distance is not good, so we can wait for winter or late autumn. If you take outdoor portraits, the light is softer and the effect is better on cloudy days. If you shoot against the light, you should choose to shoot in the morning and evening of spring, autumn and winter when the sun is not very strong.
It's best to shoot night scenes when it's just dark and not completely dark every night. At that time, you can shoot the blue sky, and the city lights are all on, so you can shoot the buildings, lights and blue sky clearly. Shooting sunrise and sunset also depends on the cleanliness of the air. So if you want to take a very good photo, it is very difficult to take a good photo of an outdoor portrait at noon on a sunny day in summer.
9. How to take ghost photos?
Taking pictures of this ghost needs to be taken in a very dark environment, but the human eye can still see clearly. I took this photo in the corridor of the hospital. The shooting method is also very simple. Need a tripod. This is a self-portrait ~ This method can be used for self-portrait, and can also be used to take other people's photos. Let the subject put in position before focusing, and turn off the autofocus switch of the lens after focusing. Set the shutter speed to 30 seconds, ISO 100, and the aperture depends on the situation. If you are shooting for yourself, choose a ten-second delay selfie, press the shutter, and then run to the front to pose and wait. When you hear the sound of the shutter, keep your body still, keep your posture for ten seconds, and calculate some time in your mind. Then change the position as soon as possible, then change the position as soon as possible, and then change it after ten seconds, so that the final picture is the effect of my photo.
If the shadows in the casual photos are too light, pose less, and 15 seconds will be clearer. It doesn't matter if the surrounding light is dark. In the case of using the cable B door, when you put N poses, you feel that the exposure time is almost the same, and it is too late to run over and close the shutter, but be careful not to rush to the camera when closing the shutter. Go over and close the shutter from the side of the camera. Because of the dim light, your action of running back to close the shutter will not be reflected in the photo. In addition, if you take this long-exposure photo instead of the city lights at night, the color of the long-exposure photo will be uneven, usually yellow, so you should turn down the color temperature. If it is a photo in RAW format, the color temperature should be adjusted later.
10, how to take a silhouette photo
This kind of silhouette photo needs to be taken before the sun comes out completely in the morning or before the sun goes down at night. This photo was found online, which is good, but the problem is that the sun has set. Although the blue sky and sunset are beautiful, the shutter speed is not fast enough, and it is very troublesome to improve ISO. Therefore, in the early exercise, it is more appropriate to choose before the sun comes out completely in the morning or before the sun goes down at night.
Shooting method: let the subject avoid first, then focus on the bright place near the sun at sunrise or sunset to adjust the aperture and speed, and then shoot to see if the exposure is appropriate. It doesn't matter if it's a little dark, just not too bright. After trying, let the model stand in front of the camera to block the sun, and then take pictures. This is the silhouette effect at this time. When taking this kind of photo, we must pay attention to the exaggeration of the characters. If it is the same as usual, no one can tell whether it is a human or an oversized condom. ...
It's good to choose a sideways running style or a sideways cycling style for taking this photo. In addition, the camera position is lower. The so-called low position means that the closer the camera is to the ground, the better the shooting effect.
1 1. How to shoot fireworks?
There is no fixed data for shooting fireworks, because different kinds of fireworks, different setting locations and different shooting distances are different. Generally speaking, you need a tripod and a cable, fix the camera, then turn off the autofocus button on the lens and push the focal length to the right place. If it exceeds 15 meters, adjust the focal length to infinity ~ then adjust the shutter speed to door B, release the cable in hand, and press the shutter when you hear the sound of guns. Release the shutter after the fireworks burn out, and then see the shooting effect. If the fireworks are too bright, reduce the aperture, if it is too dark, increase the aperture, and if the final aperture is dark, improve ISO.
If you don't want to shoot the fireworks flying in the sky, just wait for the fireworks to fly and explode before pressing the shutter. If you want to shoot the effect of letting a hundred flowers blossom, the people who set off fireworks should let go one by one, hold down the door B and hold down the lens cover. Take off the lens cover as soon as the fireworks fly into the sky, cover it as soon as the fireworks burn, then continue to hold down the second fireworks such as door B, and then open the lens cover immediately. In this way, there will be multiple fireworks overlapping in a photo, but the premise of this is that your shooting location must be very dark. If your fireworks background is bustling city lights, then you need to pay attention to the exposure of the background city lights.
How to take pictures at the wedding?
When you have a SLR, your friends will ask you to take pictures when they get married. At this time, it is not easy for you to take such a photo without a big flash. Because wedding photos are not allowed to fail, make sure that every exposure is correct. So at this time, make sure that the shutter speed is above 1/60 and the aperture is appropriate. Otherwise, ISO will be improved. There is no other good way. In addition, cameras are usually hung around the neck, but weddings are different. You need to wrap the camera shoulder strap around your wrist. This is because there is a toast at the wedding, and people can't squeeze in when drinking, so it is difficult to take pictures. Normally, when I am in blind shot, I will hold my camera above my head.
In addition, it should be noted that wedding photos are all captured. At this time, the M file can't be used, and the Av file is better.