1. homographs
Homonyms are a common polysemy phenomenon, which refers to different glyphs, word-formation components or parts of speech, but words with the same pronunciation have different meanings in different contexts. For example, "meeting" can refer to a gathering of abilities or groups.
2. Ambiguous words
Ambiguous words are a kind of polysemous words that are more easily confused than homophones, and are usually accompanied by vague expressions in language. On the surface, these words have only one meaning, but after in-depth interpretation, they will find various meanings. For example, the word "open" may mean not only opening doors and windows, but also starting electrical equipment.
3. Lexical association
Sometimes a word is ambiguous because it is associated with another word. This phenomenon is called lexical association. For example, the word "nose" can be used not only to describe the respiratory organs of people or animals, but also to describe the tip of things.
4. Semantic expansion
Semantic expansion refers to the gradual expansion of the original meaning of a word and the emergence of new meanings. For example, "investment" originally refers to investing money and other material resources to create profits, but now it can also refer to investing time and energy to create benefits.
5. Context function
The same word may have different meanings in different contexts. The function of context refers to determining the meaning of words through the linguistic information and pragmatic relationship of context. For example, "pretending" can be pretending and pretending to deal with it; It may also mean protecting yourself in a false way.
Polysemy is a common linguistic phenomenon in Ma Shuo, including homophones, ambiguous words, lexical association, semantic expansion and contextual effects. Mastering these knowledge points is very important for effective communication.
Extended data
Ma Shuo is an essay by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, and it is an argumentative essay. It was originally the fourth essay in Han Yu's Selected Works, and the title "Ma Shuo" was added by later generations. This article was written between the 11th and 16th years of Zhenyuan (795-800 AD).