Look at the following model essay, hoping to inspire you.
Basic format of experimental research report of educational scientific research
At present, there are different requirements for research reports in China, but generally speaking, the format of a standardized research report mainly includes the following contents:
I. Title part
Title, also known as title or topic, is a high summary of the content of the research report. A good title should not only be concise and clear in words, but also accurate in content, so that readers can understand what the problem of this research is through the title. Titles generally do not exceed 20 words.
Signature, under the title, should be the author's signature, indicating not only the author, but also the work unit. Signature first shows that the author is responsible for the research, and secondly it is conducive to academic exchange.
Second, the summary part
Also known as the executive summary, it reflects the important contents of the research with the most refined words, that is, the research problems, the characteristics of the subject, the methods adopted, the results of the research and the conclusions drawn therefrom. Chinese abstracts should generally be less than 300 words. It is also used to edit indexes and abstracts for other researchers to refer to and retrieve information.
Although it is placed in the front part of the research report, it is often written after the research report is finished. The requirements for abstracts are concise language and complete content.
Keywords: keywords are more general than abstracts. It is not only helpful to guide readers to read, but more importantly, it is convenient for literature retrieval to reflect the learning content in 3-5 words. Keywords are generally selected from titles, and some are selected from abstracts.
Three. introduce
It is the questioning part of the research report, which mainly includes two parts, that is, telling readers what to study and why to study it.
(1) Questions raised
Problems are the logical starting point of scientific research. Educational research not only starts from problems, but also develops and conducts around them. In this part, it is necessary to point out in detail what are the main educational and teaching problems faced by the school or project leader, and the explanation of the problems should be clear, specific and clear.
(2) A summary of the research status of this issue.
After putting forward the research question, it is necessary to explain the research background of this question to help readers better understand the current research. It mainly explains the origin of the problem and the research status of this problem.
When writing this part, we should not simply accumulate the collected existing research data, but sort out the context of the problem research on the basis of analysis and sorting out, and point out how the researchers knew this problem in the past, what methods were used to study this problem and what conclusions were drawn. In recent years, what is the trend, what is the progress and what is the controversy about this issue has also become an important part of the review.
(3) The connection and difference between this research and the existing research,
This paper expounds the connections and differences between this study and existing studies in terms of research objects, research contents and research methods, and the difference is the innovation of this study. On the basis of expounding the connection and difference of the research problems, this paper points out the specific problems that need to be solved in the current research.
(4) Research objectives and contents
The research goal is to achieve what results by studying this topic. In order to explain the problem more clearly, researchers should also put forward and define the key terms in the study and explain their exact meanings in the current study.
(5) The value or significance of the research.
Explain what is the main value of this study and what is the uniqueness of this study compared with existing studies.
Fourth, the process and method part
(A) the research process
It mainly explains how the research process of the subject is carried out in stages, what work has been done in each stage, what research activities have been organized, what research has been carried out, and what phased research results have been achieved.
(2) Method part
Mainly to explain to readers the main research methods used by researchers in the research process. If it is an experimental study, it is also necessary to explain the relevant situation of the subjects, such as where the subjects come from and what kind of group they are. What is the method of selecting subjects, random sampling or stratified sampling? How many subjects were selected and how many effective subjects were selected. What are the basic characteristics of the subjects, such as gender, age, race, occupation, education, economic status, etc. Sometimes it is necessary to explain the subject's physical health and intelligence level.
(3) Research tools
This paper mainly expounds the instruments, scales, tests, questionnaires and other tools used by researchers to collect data in the research process. Research tools can generally be divided into two categories: one is standardized psychological measurement tools (such as intelligence test and personality scale) and the other is stereotyped tools. For standardized psychological measurement tools, the version or revised version, basic composition and scoring method should be explained. For the finalized tools, the model, operation mode and scoring method should be explained. Another tool is homemade or homemade. For your own scales, tests and questionnaires, explain their compilation principles (or theoretical basis), procedures, content composition and some simple standardized indicators, and attach them to the appendix when necessary. No matter what kind of tool it is, in general, examples should be given in the form of topics to help readers understand the characteristics of the tool more specifically.
Data material processing method: For the quantized data, it is generally only necessary to report which statistical software to use for processing, such as social science statistical software package (SPSS) and statistical analysis system (SAS). For qualitative measurement and analysis, it is also necessary to report the evaluation index system. For example, there is a system of scoring rules for the material processing of Kohlberg's moral dilemma story.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) results and discussion part
(1) Results section
This part focuses on the presentation and analysis of the results, that is, the data collected through observation and measurement during the research process are listed in a certain format, including presentation data and statistical analysis.
1, presenting data, processing the data obtained in the research process and presenting them in the form of statistical tables and charts. The order of presenting the results is generally based on the research hypothesis or the questions to be answered, that is, the research hypothesis or the questions to be answered have titles, followed by a brief text description and a chart.
2. Statistical analysis, explaining the statistical methods used to the author, such as variance analysis, complex difference analysis, t-test, correlation analysis, factor analysis, etc. And report the statistical test results, that is, significant level. According to this, the relationship between the research results and the research assumptions or questions to be answered is explained.
(2) Analysis and discussion.
The analysis and discussion part is the most critical part of the research report, which not only explains the significance of the current research results, but also expounds and explains the possible reasons that lead to or produce this result. Writing this part, on the one hand, must be based on facts and fully consider the results of this study; On the other hand, we should give full play to creativity and reveal the broad meaning of current research results on the basis of theoretical thinking. Generally speaking, the discussion part includes the following parts.
1. The explanation of research hypotheses or questions to be answered can remind researchers to clarify the questions to be studied, solved or confirmed, make the discussion more targeted, and avoid digression, on the other hand, it can also make readers understand the problems and scope to be discussed.
2. Explain and explain the research results, and explain whether the research hypothesis is established or give the answers to the questions to be answered according to the research results. At the same time, according to a certain theory or the author's own observation and thinking, we should further clarify the inherent regularity of the studied problem or phenomenon and the essence of the relationship between variables. Especially for the results that do not support the research hypothesis, we should not only analyze the possible reasons, but also consider putting forward new hypotheses.
3. Comparison with similar research results The literature review part in the introduction has explained the similar research results of the studied problems, and in the discussion part, we should echo each other and compare the current research results with the mentioned results in order to make a wider inference. Through comparison, we can achieve three purposes: first, we can know whether there is a new breakthrough in research; Secondly, whether the current research results are universal; Then find new problems.
4. Explain the value of the research results. Explain the theoretical and practical significance of the research, that is, explain the value of the current research results to readers.
5. Suggestions: There are two kinds of suggestions: one is the precautions based on the research results, or the innovative scheme. For example, if the research results show that the classroom teaching effect is significantly positively related to psychology and educational science knowledge, we can suggest to the administrative department of education to provide opportunities and conditions for primary and secondary school teachers to learn psychology and educational science knowledge. Another suggestion is to point out the shortcomings of current research, and point out the problems that should be paid attention to in further research, or the problems that should be further studied.
Conclusion of intransitive verbs
After analysis and discussion, we can summarize the research results, that is, the research conclusion. Pay attention to when writing a conclusion:
1, the text should be concise and general, usually a statement of the verification results of the research hypothesis or an answer to the question to be answered.
2. Avoid subjective speculation and only explain the results, excluding cause analysis, discussion and speculation.
3. Avoid generalizing conclusions, and conclusions drawn from small samples or special samples cannot be inferred to the whole.
Seven. refer to
References refer to the sources of documents and materials cited in research reports. This part of the content is usually placed after the text, and listing references can not only express respect for other people's labor achievements, but also provide readers with information sources for further discussion.
In the order of bibliography, if there are both Chinese and foreign languages in the bibliography, the principle is that Chinese comes before foreign languages. Chinese can be sorted by surname strokes, or by the time when the bibliography was published, with the latest one in the front and the older one in the back.
Eight. appendix
Appendices are used to provide detailed and important information that is inconvenient to appear in the text. The content of the appendix is usually experimental materials and tools, such as questionnaires and interview outlines, and in some cases, it also includes complex formulas, computer programs, descriptions of experimental processing and so on. If there are multiple appendices, they can be numbered, such as Appendix I and Appendix II.