2. How to teach junior high school students to learn classical Chinese well must first have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will definitely have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era in which this person lives can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan, who advocated reform, hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was puzzled. After alienating Qu Yuan, he was exiled to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and he died in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, with many contents constantly evolving with the development of history. For example, the contents involved in eight aspects, such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal customs, costumes and utensils, calendar and criminal law, and annotation style of ancient books, are very different from ancient times to modern times. Although these contents do not need to be mastered by students, they should also be accumulated as their own knowledge.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, and the heart of Dan has been kept to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the road freezes to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients and the present, so as to accurately ponder the thoughts of the ancients.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When you study classical Chinese, you must master the knowledge points that appear in the textbook: ① Phonetics, including polyphonic characters and variant characters; ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech; ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, we can further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if we can do the above points in our usual study, we will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.
To learn ancient Chinese, we must learn verbs and loanwords well. Texts are the most important learning materials. Mark the notes one by one and read them every day, just like memorizing words. Then put them in the text to understand. Two months at most can greatly improve the level of ancient Chinese.
Classical Chinese in junior high school is actually not difficult. Basically, you have mastered everything the teacher said Moreover, the teacher will draw a range before the exam, so it is basically no problem for you to review in place after the exam.
Remember the key words and then connect them into sentences, paragraphs and articles. Just pay attention to the expression of language. Classical Chinese translation is faster and more convenient, and there is no need for rote learning. This method will show its advantages when you study the text, and you can recite the text in combination with translation.
The content of understanding is basically the famous sentences and central sentences in the text. Teachers have to talk about it, which is very common in practice, so if this part is weak, you can turn over your notes before the exam. There is nothing wrong with the central content (meaning and so on) of the relevant part of the exercise, as long as you pay attention to the expression.
Every time you learn a classical Chinese, you should summarize some synonyms, polysemous words and special pronunciations. Read them often. And you can read books like Shi Shuo Xin Yu, which is not difficult. If you read more, you will have a sense of language.
If you want to know more, you can look up some information, such as the author, writing background, reasons and so on. There is no need to remember it deliberately. You may have a different experience after reading the article.
If you don't feel safe enough, you can buy a workbook to write and test yourself. It is more helpful to recommend those with answers and some explanations.
3. How to learn classical Chinese in senior one can be roughly divided into these steps: 1. Add some text descriptions (keywords, common words); 2. Sentence pattern recognition and understanding (judgment sentence, inversion sentence); 3. Synonyms in ancient and modern times (mistakes will be made when interpreting sentences); This word is ambiguous (easy to understand the meaning of the sentence).
Of course, interchangeable words are also very important, which determines the pronunciation of words, so pay special attention when writing. General interchangeable words are explained in the notes, which should be highlighted. Classical Chinese, like English, is based on adding some words. Generally, the interpretation of extracurricular classical Chinese exams is learned in the classroom.
Some sporadic exercises need to be rhythmic or punctuated, which is the problem of language sense. Basically, the strokes between the subject and the verb are the easiest to identify, and the rest depends on reading more classical Chinese in class. After understanding, you will know roughly what part of speech is, just like poetry.
4. In fact, how to learn classical Chinese well in grade one mainly depends on the backrest. You don't need to master too much if you are in grade one. What are the common verb function words in the college entrance examination? Don't memorize at first.
If you want a solid foundation. It is necessary to memorize all the classical Chinese in the textbook. It will take a lot of time to buy an ancient Chinese dictionary and translate the text with a dictionary instead of a reference book, but if you insist on doing so, it will be greatly improved, and you should pay more attention when looking it up. Then compare the translated materials. In this way, the translation ability can be easily improved. The mastery of true and false words will be more solid. The sooner it starts, the better.
After-class notes in textbooks should be mastered more skillfully. Generally, the books are the most commonly used, practical and frequently tested.
Junior high school is not recommended to practice the meaning of old sayings on special topics, so you should read more and be familiar with them. If you read too much, you will naturally master it.
You can buy some interesting and simple classical Chinese books. Generally, there are articles on extracurricular training of classical Chinese in corresponding grades. You don't want to understand everything. Read more when you have time.
5. How to teach classical Chinese in junior high school 1. "Reading": Guide students to read repeatedly. This is the basic requirement for learning classical Chinese. The ancients said, "You can't know the meaning of a book until you read it a hundred times." The combination of characters, words and sentences in classical Chinese is very different from that in modern Chinese. Only by reading repeatedly can we enhance our sense of language and get a preliminary perceptual knowledge, which is of great help to the following translation.
Second, "point": the teacher's appropriate "nudge". After the students are familiar with it, the teacher will point out the important knowledge points in the text, especially the meanings of words with great differences between ancient and modern times or some special classical Chinese sentences. For example, Yugong Yishan "has a son even though he is dead", and the ancient word "although" means "Lian", which is different from the modern Chinese word "although"; The word "death" in Answer to the Death of the Wise Man is a universal word, which means "nothing (w? ) ",the meaning of" no "; The word "disease" in Two Stories of Yan Zi means "insult and boredom" in the text. The word "whip" in "Leisure Notes" means "whip with a whip" in ancient times; In classical Chinese, a word has many uses. Such as: causative usage, intentional usage, noun usage, adjective usage and so on. It needs to be analyzed according to the meaning of the context in order to understand its meaning and usage more accurately.
Three "translation": that is, translating the text. This is the most critical part of learning classical Chinese. In junior high school, classical Chinese translation is generally based on literal translation. The first step is to replace classical Chinese words with modern Chinese words to form a one-to-one correspondence. For example, "treating insects and ants as beasts" can be translated as "treating insects and ants as beasts". Another example is: "see two insects fighting grass", which is translated as "see two insects fighting grass" Obviously, this sentence is not only vague, but also lacks elements, which makes it difficult to read. Then the second step will be taken. Supplementary elements should be supplemented, syllables should be filled, and word order should be adjusted. The above mentioned "I saw two bugs fighting in the grass" should be "(I) saw two bugs fighting in the grass". In addition, we should also pay attention to putting the translated sentences into the original text to see if they are coherent with the context. If it is not coherent, add a word or sentence at the beginning or end of the sentence connected with it to make the whole article coherent. For example, "Let them fly towards the smoke and make a view of the white crane in Qingyun Mountain" is translated as "Let them fly towards the smoke (I compare this scene to the landscape of the white crane in Qingyun Mountain)". In the whole translation process, students' activities should be the main body, and teachers should not be the only ones who perform monologues. In that case, it does not conform to the "autonomy, cooperation and inquiry" learning method in the new Chinese standard, and it is not conducive to stimulating students' interest in learning and thirst for knowledge.
Fourth, "discussion": that is, teachers and students discuss together. Discuss the things described in the article, the scenery described and the feelings expressed. For example, when teaching the article "Night Tour in Chengtian Temple", I started with the topic and told the students: "Remember" means that this article is a narrative; "Chengtian Temple" indicates the location; "Night" means time; "Swimming" means "playing". Students will say, "this title means' describing a visit to Chengtian Temple at night'". Some students will ask, "Why did the author go to Chengtian Temple at night?" "What did he see?" And "What's his mood?" ? ..... At this point, the teacher only needs to add a little background to motivate students to understand: "This article was written when Su Shi was demoted and lived in Huangzhou, Hubei". Being demoted means a great setback in political life, but the author is not pessimistic. Seeing the beautiful moonlight outside the window, he got up and went to Zhang Huaimin to enjoy the moon together. He saw that "(moonlight) shines in the courtyard as if the water is clear and transparent, and the water seems to be intertwined with algae and weeds", giving people a fresh and ethereal feeling. Finally, the author sincerely issued "Why is there no moon at night? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? But there are few idle people like me. Among them, there are the desolation and loneliness of being relegated, the self-indulgence of philosophy, and the joy of enjoying the moon in leisure. The author's pursuit of beauty, his love for life and his attitude towards philosophy all infect each of us. At this point, students will understand the strange imagination and novel metaphor of this article with a little help.
6. The special vocabulary of reading and answering skills in classical Chinese in the first grade must be translated in place, and other vocabulary is actually similar to that in vernacular Chinese.
Practice is the most important thing, so you must translate it sentence by sentence by yourself. After translation, you should check the correct translation and correct your mistakes.
Some special words have different meanings in different classical Chinese, so these words should be written down.
You can improve your reading ability of classical Chinese by reading different classical Chinese and translating them.
When you start to learn how to translate classical Chinese, you will find that classical Chinese is actually very interesting.
I hope you can learn Chinese as much as possible. I remember when I was in junior high school, I was also a Chinese representative ~ ~