165438+1On October 4th, Wang Tongling (first from left), director of Luoyang Weiqi Hall, visited Mr. Wu Qingyuan.
1On October 30th, Mr. Wu Qingyuan, a master of Go, passed away. The news came that Wang Tongling in Luoyang had mixed feelings.
Just at the beginning of the month, as the curator of Luoyang Weiqi Hall, she just visited Wu Qingyuan in Odahara. Wu is in a wheelchair. Although he can't talk, he is full of energy. He took the three-color porcelain plate image sent by Wang Tongling in his hand and studied it cheerfully for a long time.
That's a portrait that Luoyang ceramics master Guo personally burned for Wu Lao.
In fact, the intersection of Central Plains chess and Wu Lao has existed for a long time. As far as the older generation is concerned, the late "chess king of the Central Plains" Chen Dai met Wu Qingyuan in the 1920s, and later corresponded with each other and became brothers. On the younger generation, Zhou Heyang, the national player of Luoyang Weiqi, played chess three times in Wu's hometown during his visit to Japan, and learned from each other.
On the 12 day after Wu's death, I sat in front of Luoyang Weiqi Hall and listened to her tell this intimate story. Suddenly I feel that I am only one person away from the greatest Go player recognized in the 20th century.
I came to Luoyang this time to find the remains of ancient board games.
China's ancient chess culture has a long history and is profound, but few people pay attention to Henan's important position in the history of ancient chess, just as few people know that the world of Go in Henan has so many origins with Wu Lao.
Since its origin, China's board games have evolved many ways of playing, such as Go, Liubo, Chess, Gobang, Chess, and so on, and various kinds of boards have also been derived. The peak of its development is mainly the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Tang and Song Dynasties. As the economic and cultural center of China at that time, it was almost inevitable that Henan left a large number of cultural stories and physical remains about games.
Today, people may know Xingyang, the hometown of chess culture, and Luoyang, the "Hundred Steps City" of Weiqi, but they may not know that the earliest allusion about Weiqi is "indecision", which happened in Puyang in the Spring and Autumn Period; Han Dynasty affirmed Zhiyi's first professional Go book for Ban Gu in Luoyang. The earliest existing Sui Dynasty 19 board with the same specifications as the modern Go board came from Anyang. The preface to the Nine-level Chess Manual was written by Wang Fan, a native of Nanyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it was an earlier determined chess manual of Go.
Confucius, Han Fei, Cao Cao, Cao Pi, seven sons of Jian 'an, seven sages of bamboo forest, Tuoba Hong, Du Fu, Shao Yong, Evonne and many other sages, hermits, officials and emperors who have traveled and lived in Henan are either reasoning with chess, or obsessed with talking with hands, or leaving poems to recite chess. The chess world is full of stories.
None of this is fun enough. You know, when Qin Haoxia and Hebi Jing Ke were stabbed to death in the Tang Dynasty, they would also fight with others for playing Liubo chess. Nangong Wan, the general of the Song Dynasty, was humiliated when he played chess with the monarch in Shangqiu. In a rage, he killed the monarch with a chessboard. Fan Ninger, the first Go player in Luoyang, once went south under the orders of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei, and launched a thrilling confrontation with Wang Kang, the master of the Southern Dynasties. ...
Unfortunately, our official history is more keen on recording serious "big events", and many chess "playmates" who have accompanied China people for hundreds of years have disappeared unconsciously, leaving an empty chessboard, which makes people rack their brains and can't imagine how the ancients played. Tracing back to the "game situation" of ancient competitive games in the Central Plains, this paper tries to sort out the ancient board games that once swept the Central Plains and reproduce the happiness, pain and meditation they once brought to the world.
Yao created Weiqi to treat his wayward son.
Weiqi is one of the earliest board games, and its ancient exclusive name is Yi. I'm afraid no one can tell how it came about. Some modern scholars think that it may have originated from ancient times, such as "Tie the Rope to Justice", "The Book of Hutuluo" and "The Eight Diagrams of Zhouyi", but these three things are mysterious and mysterious. No matter which one is explained, there may be eight or more doctoral theses. Looking through ancient books, it is easy for the ancients to dismiss this question-what did the ancients say?
The ancients liked to arrange a creator for something, such as creating characters in Cangjie and building a house with a nest. The invention patent of Go was placed on Yao Shun.
Shi Ben, an ancient pre-Qin classic, said: "Yao made Weiqi and was good at it." It's Yao's son. Laozi invented Weiqi. His son is good at Weiqi. This is the earliest record about the origin of Go. This statement was widely circulated in ancient times. Therefore, in the Western Jin Dynasty, Zhang Hua, who lived in Luoyang, the capital city, and loved Go, also believed this statement and incorporated it into his natural history. But when Zhang Hua wrote, he added two more sentences: "Or the cloud: Shun and Zi Yu, pretend to teach them."
Therefore, there are at least two theories about the origin of Go. First, Yao found that his eldest son was stubborn and willful. He wanted to cure the child, so he invented Go to make his son accept his temper. Second, Yao's successor Shun is the patentee of Go. He did it for the children, too. The difference is that his children are too stupid and their IQ needs to be developed urgently.
I don't know if Shun achieved his goal, but Yao certainly didn't, otherwise his position would probably be passed on. Unofficial history said that this Zhu Dan really fell in love with Go, and his heart stopped beating, but he didn't do anything serious. Seeing that Shun didn't listen, Yao gave up his position to Shun. From this point of view, no matter who invented Weiqi, it seems that Weiqi was for education in the consciousness of the ancients, which is also in line with the truth that many parents have tried their best to send their children to Weiqi classes today.
After all, the content of myths and legends is absurd. Pi Rixiu in the Tang Dynasty questioned Yao's creation of Weiqi, believing that this game with high IQ must have been invented by treacherous militarists during the Warring States Period. In fact, as a complex game, Go must have a long process of origin. Archaeologists found that Weiqi chessboard developed from 1 1, 13 and 17 to 19 today. 17 Taoism was mainly popular before the western Han dynasty, and it was only after the Tang dynasty that it was stereotyped as 19 Taoism. Obviously, the creation of Weiqi was not achieved overnight, with the number of chess pieces increasing from few to many, and the style of play changing from single to diverse, and the people of past dynasties improved it bit by bit.
Interestingly, in modern times, China people have not yet figured out the origin of their national quintessence, but the British clearly stated in the Encyclopedia Britannica that "Go originated in China in 2356 BC." 2356 BC was the first year of Yao's accession to the throne, and later generations calculated according to the Yellow Emperor calendar used by People's Daily during the Revolution of 1911. Obviously, it is based on "medicated soap Go".
"Indecision" is the "spiritual legacy" of the imperial court's struggle to protect the country and defend the country.
What is more credible is that Weiqi has existed since the Spring and Autumn Period. "Zuo Zhuan" Xianggong Twenty-five Years "recorded such a story. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Sun Wenzi and Ning, doctors of Wei State, staged a coup, deposed Xian Wang and made him king. After Ning died, his son Ning Ai was at odds with Sun Wenzi. At this time, Gong Xian, who was exiled, also wanted to restore the country. He sent someone to contact Ning Mouzi and promised him to come back to Jeannin to mourn his son and seize power, regardless of his own state affairs.
Ning Ai immediately agreed, and Dr. Wei's uncle listened and sighed, "Why not play chess today?" The players are indecisive and difficult to pair up. What about the situation? "This is to say that it is better to play chess than to mourn the monarch. How can we avoid failure? Indecisive players will not be able to beat their opponents, let alone repeat it in such an important activity as welcoming you.
This is the origin of the idiom "indecision", and the development of things, as uncle expected, the next year, Ning Mou refused to listen to persuasion, killed, pursued and welcomed back to the public, but within two years, Ning Mou Zi was destroyed by the forces offering sacrifices to the public and was buried in the court.
This is the earliest record of Go in history, and the time is 548 BC. At that time, the patriotic capital was in Puyang, which is now the Gaocheng site in the southern suburbs of Puyang. The loess buried the bloody battle in the palace, but "indecision is too big to be coupled" has become the "spiritual legacy" of the palace struggle, warning future generations.
When uncle Wen Zi explained things, he took Weiqi as an example, which fully explained the popularity of Weiqi in the upper class in the Spring and Autumn Period. In fact, at that time, Weiqi and another board game kept pace, which was the most popular and was called "game". The popularity of the game not only gave birth to Qiu Yi, the first Weiqi master with a name record in China, but also attracted the attention of Confucius and Mencius and other sages, and triggered a debate on whether Confucius and Mencius opposed Weiqi in later generations.