meaning
Generally, 25% of thyroid nodules have calcification shadow, and 50% ~ 62.5% of thyroid cancers have calcification shadow. It is generally believed that the coarser the calcified particles, the better the differentiation of cancer tissue. The characteristics of calcified shadows may be related to the classification of cancer:
1, granular calcification, almost * * in thyroid malignant tumors, is often the characteristic manifestation of * * * adenocarcinoma.
2. About 10%~20% of the coarse calcified images are cancers, among which follicular adenocarcinoma accounts for a large proportion.
3. Medullary carcinoma is often mixed with coarse particles and sandy calcification.
4. Generally, the calcified images of benign thyroid tumors have high density and clear edges, while the shadows of malignant tumors are light and fuzzy.
The above is an introduction to the clinical significance of thyroid nodule calcification. From the above description, we can see that the characteristics of calcification shadow of thyroid nodules may be related to the classification of cancer. When making the diagnosis of thyroid nodule calcification, patients must go to a professional hospital to avoid missed diagnosis.
Treatment of thyroid nodules
1, if the bright spot is large, it is recommended to do a puncture to check the pathology.
2, can not surgery, conservative treatment with traditional Chinese medicine, review after a period of time. If the bright spot is reduced, it is effective, and treatment can be continued until it is cured.
prevent
Iodine in diet has the greatest influence on thyroid, and insufficient or excessive iodine intake will cause thyroid lesions. Iodine deficiency is the main cause of goiter. People in plateau and mountainous areas often lack iodine in their daily diet, so they should cook with iodized salt, and people in coastal areas should control their iodine intake.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the occurrence of thyroid diseases is closely related to emotional disorders. Keeping a good attitude and optimistic attitude towards life can obviously reduce the incidence of thyroid diseases.
Overwork will increase the burden on the thyroid gland. In the long run, the thyroid gland will be in an unstable state, reducing human immunity. Under the influence of external factors, such as chemical invasion or virus invasion, lesions are prone to occur. Therefore, combining work with rest and maintaining a healthy lifestyle and working style are also effective ways to prevent thyroid diseases.
prescribe a diet
Clinically, there are many thyroid diseases, such as thyroid degeneration, inflammation, autoimmunity, tumors, etc., which can be manifested as nodules. Thyroid nodules can be single or multiple. The incidence of multiple nodules is higher than that of single nodules, but the incidence of thyroid cancer in single nodules is higher. The following are the problems that should be paid attention to in the diet of thyroid nodules:
1, iodine: We must control the intake of iodine. If you are not sure, you can consult your nearest doctor.
2, calories: Because hyperthyroidism will increase the body's metabolic rate, you can increase the required calories every day.
3. protein: You can increase the amount of protein, such as meat, eggs and milk.
4, vitamins: Because of the increase in calories, the demand for vitamin B groups has also increased, so pay attention to supplement.
5. Avoid sexual foods such as tea, coffee, cigarettes and wine, and avoid seafood (kelp is not allowed) and peppers.
6, Chinese medicine A dissipates, one dose a day. Need to avoid eating, spicy, prone to hair.
In addition to diet problems, patients with thyroid nodules should also pay attention to daily life problems, rest more, maintain a positive attitude and pay attention to moderate exercise.
Relationship with cancer
1, sand thyroid nodule calcification, thyroid nodule calcification almost exists in thyroid malignant tumors, and thyroid nodule calcification is often a characteristic manifestation of adenocarcinoma.
2. About 10% ~ 20% of the coarse calcification images of thyroid nodules are cancers, among which follicular adenocarcinoma accounts for a large proportion.
3. Medullary carcinoma is often mixed with coarse particles and sandy calcification.
4. Generally, the calcified images of benign thyroid tumors have high density and clear edges, while the shadows of malignant tumors are light and fuzzy.
keep fit
Pay attention to thyroid nodules in diet
1, avoid * * * sexual foods such as tea, coffee, cigarettes and wine, and be sure to avoid seafood (kelp is not allowed) and peppers.
2. protein: You can increase the amount of protein, such as meat, eggs and milk.
3, vitamins: because of the increase in calories, the demand for vitamin B groups has also increased, so pay attention to supplement.
Proper diet of thyroid nodules
The following foods should be eaten:
1, it is advisable to eat more foods with the function of eliminating food stagnation and reducing swelling, including water chestnut, rape, mustard and kiwi fruit.
2. It is advisable to eat more foods that enhance immunity, such as mushrooms, fungus, walnuts, coix seed, red dates, yams and fresh fruits.
Taboo diet for thyroid nodules
Avoid eating the following foods:
1, avoid smoking and alcohol
2, avoid spicy food, such as onions, peppers, peppers, cinnamon and so on.
3, avoid greasy, fried food.
symptom
Thyroid nodule refers to a lump in the thyroid gland, which can move up and down with the thyroid gland and has swallowing action. It is a common clinical disease, which can be caused by many reasons. Thyroid nodules can be divided into single nodules and multiple nodules, and the size, location, texture, function and clinical significance of the nodules are different. Here is a detailed introduction to the symptoms of thyroid nodules:
1. Single or multiple masses of different sizes, round or oval, smooth surface, no adhesion with the surrounding, can move up and down with swallowing, slightly harder than normal glands, no adhesion, no tenderness, and can remain intact or grow slowly for a long time (more common in women over 30 years old).
2. The thyroid nodules are clearly demarcated from the surrounding thyroid tissues, generally 3 ~ 4 cm in diameter. Nodules are hard, and the hardness can exceed that of solid tumors. Small cysts are generally asymptomatic, while giant cysts can produce compression symptoms.
3, acute onset, fever, sore throat, goiter on one or both sides, hard. Nodules in the thyroid gland vary in size, and can be single or multiple. The local pain is hard, and it often radiates to the back of the ear and the top of the head, accompanied by obvious pain and tenderness in the thyroid body.
4. The onset and development process is slow, the goiter can be asymmetrical, the nodule is hard and widely adhered and fixed with adjacent tissues outside the gland, and there is dull pain and tenderness in some areas, accompanied by obvious compression symptoms, but the local lymph nodes are not enlarged, which is more common in middle-aged women.
5. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage, only a hard and painless lump appears in the thyroid gland, with uneven surface, fast growth, irregular shape and poor activity. In the later stage, it can grow rapidly, with compression symptoms such as voice, dysphagia and dyspnea, local lymph node enlargement or distant metastasis.
6. At the initial stage, the thyroid gland was slightly swollen, soft and unconscious. With the enlargement of glands, nodules appear. When the swelling is serious, the symptoms of oppression may appear. However, thyroid function is normal, and the onset age is generally 40-50 years old or above. The incidence of women is higher than that of men, with a long medical history and often complicated with heart disease.
7, the onset is slow, more common in middle-aged women, diffuse goiter without nodules, or asymmetric goiter, lobulated surface, tough as rubber, no tenderness.
incidence rate
In benign thyroid lesions, calcification is less, about 6%~ 14%, mostly coarse calcification, and the incidence of microcalcification is low.
The total calcification rate of thyroid malignant tumor is 37% ~ 75.7%, and the incidence of microcalcification is 55%~68%, which is higher than coarse calcification and contrary to benign lesions.
It can be seen that the calcification rate of thyroid lesions varies greatly in different reports. The reasons may be as follows: 1. Ultrasound examination is greatly influenced by the subjective factors of the operator, and thyroid calcification is often missed because it is too small or hidden behind the shadow of coarse calcification and fibrosis. 2. Because the calcified nodules of thyroid cancer are usually very small, it is difficult for paraffin sections to pass through calcified lesions, and non-pathological nature requires calcified lesions, so unless it is a prospective study or specially brought to the attention of pathologists, there is usually no high detection rate.
treat cordially
Thyroid calcification is usually not life-threatening, and general surgical treatment is possible, but surgery is not the only treatment, and traditional Chinese medicine can also be treated. However, surgery is needed in the following cases: 1, which is diagnosed as malignant tumor. 2. After puncture and a series of comprehensive examinations, it is impossible to determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant, but it is more likely to be highly suspected of malignancy (patients with adhesions are very old or very young). 3, the tumor is very large, with oppression, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and even some tumors have obviously affected breathing.
Clinical significance
Generally, 25% of thyroid nodules have calcification shadow, and 50% ~ 62.5% of thyroid cancers have calcification shadow. It is generally believed that the coarser the calcified particles, the better the differentiation of cancer tissue. The characteristics of calcification shadow may be related to the classification of cancer as follows: (1) Sand calcification is almost found in thyroid malignant tumors, and is often the characteristic manifestation of adenocarcinoma; About 10% ~ 20% of gross calcified images are cancers, among which follicular adenocarcinoma accounts for a large proportion. Medullary carcinoma is often mixed with coarse particles and sandy calcification; Generally, the calcified images of benign thyroid tumors have high density and clear edges, while the shadows of malignant tumors are light and fuzzy.
cause
1, radioactive exposure. The history of radiation exposure is an important pathogenic factor of thyroid cancer, and the incidence of thyroid cancer is higher in individuals who received radiation dose of 10 ~ 1000 rad in childhood.
2. Autoimmunity. Patients with autoimmune thyroiditis are also prone to thyroid nodules.
3. Genetic predisposition. Familial medullary carcinoma has a typical genetic tendency, while about 7% patients with thyroid carcinoma may have a familial genetic tendency. In addition, there is no evidence that other thyroid cancers are hereditary.
4. Excessive iodine intake. Severe iodine deficiency can cause endemic goiter, but excessive iodine intake can also cause many thyroid diseases, such as thyroid dysfunction and thyroid nodules.
Syndrome differentiation and treatment of TCM
1, liver stagnation and phlegm coagulation
Treatment: soothing the liver and relieving depression, eliminating carbuncle and breaking qi.
Jieyu Xiaoying decoction: Bupleurum chinense 12g, Curcuma aromatica 12g, Rhizoma Cyperi 12g, Radix Aucklandiae 12g, Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis 12g, Rhizoma Dioscoreae bulbifera 15g, pumice 20g, etc. Shugan Pill and Xiaoying Pill are taken orally.
2, the liver is full of fire.
Treatment: clearing liver and purging fire, dispersing stagnation and promoting digestion.
Xiegan Sanjie Decoction: Cao Dan 15g, Gardenia 12g, Radix Curcumae 12g, Uncaria 30g, Gypsum 20g, Rhizoma Coptidis 10g, Cortex Phellodendri 12g, Scutellariae Radix 12g, and Prunella vulgaris 30g. Xiegan Pill and Dahuang Pill are taken orally.
3. Yin deficiency and fire flourishing
Treatment: nourishing yin to reduce fire, softening and resolving hard mass.
Ziyin Ruanjian Decoction: Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 15g, Cortex Phellodendri 15g, Radix Rehmanniae 20g, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15g, Poria 15g, Cortex Moutan 12g, Radix Scrophulariae 15g and Rhizoma Polygonati/kloc-0. Oral Baizhi Pills and Sanjie Pills.
4. Deficiency of both Qi and Yin
Treatment: Yiqi Yangyin, Sanjie Ningqi.
Yiqi Sanjie Decoction: 20g of Radix Astragali, 20g of Radix Rehmanniae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 12g, Radix Scrophulariae 12g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 15g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 15g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 12g, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 30g, Radix Ophiopogonis 15g, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae. Pearl pills and Xiaoliu pills are taken orally.
Efficacy: According to the above classification and prescription, 323 cases of hyperthyroidism were treated with * * * *, of which 1 17 cases were cured, 103 cases were markedly effective, 77 cases were effective and 26 cases were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 9 1.9%.
(Chief physician and professor of Zibo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Cao Yuancheng)