2. Take roasted tortoise shell as tortoise shell to summarize the processed products. Tortoise shell was processed in the Tang Dynasty. See Thousand Girls and Wings. Tortoise shell is the carapace and carapace of tortoise (gray) [1]. The surface of roasted tortoise shell is yellow and crisp with slight vinegar [1]. Tortoise shell is salty, sweet and slightly cold, and belongs to liver, kidney and heart meridian. Has the effects of nourishing yin, suppressing yang, invigorating kidney, strengthening bones, nourishing blood and heart, and stopping metrorrhagia and metrorrhagia. It can be used for hot flashes due to yin deficiency, night sweats due to bone steaming, dizziness, weakness of muscles and bones, forgetfulness due to guilty conscience, and metrorrhagia. Tortoise shell is hard in texture, fishy in smell, good at nourishing yin and suppressing yang, and can be used for hyperactivity of liver yang caused by internal movement of liver wind [1]. After sand frying and vinegar quenching, tortoise shell is crisp and fragile, which is beneficial to frying effective components and can correct odor and taste [1]. Tortoise shell is used for tonifying kidney and strengthening bones, nourishing yin and stopping bleeding. Commonly used for fatigue hemoptysis, soreness of feet and knees, hot flashes and night sweats, and swelling and pain of hemorrhoids [1].
3 Processing method of roasted tortoise shells There was a roasting method in the Tang Dynasty (before Fang Yi) [1].
In the Song Dynasty, crispy roasting, vinegar roasting (restoring Zheng He Zheng's materia medica), wine roasting (General Record of Shengji), wine vinegar roasting (Prescription of Taiping Huimin Heji Prescription), calcination roasting (Prescription of Zhu Shijiji's prescription) and defecation by toilet (Examination Book of Sores and Furuncles [1]) were added.
During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there were some processing methods, such as wine immersion (Danxi method), pig fat roasting (herbal drama), crisp roasting after ash cannon, and wine roasting (compendium of materia medica) [1].
In the Qing Dynasty, the methods of roasting pig fat and then burning it (herbal medicine), frying in oil (made in Dong Tian) and frying in Wu Jutong (medical records) were added [1].
At present, the main processing methods are sand frying and vinegar quenching [1].
Method for making clean tortoise shell: take the original medicinal materials, put them in a steamer, steam them in boiling water for 45 minutes, take them out, put them in hot water, immediately remove the skin with a hard brush, wash them and dry them in the sun [1]. Or soak the raw materials in clean water, without changing water, so that the skin and fascia will rot and be easily separated from the Oracle bones, then take them out, wash them with clean water, and expose them in the sun at night until there is no odor, and then dry them [1].
The processing method of roasted tortoise shells is: put sand into a hot pot, heat it to a flexible state with strong fire, put clean tortoise shells of different sizes, stir-fry until the crispy surface turns yellow, take it out, sieve out the sand, immediately put it into vinegar for quenching, and take it out to dry [1].
Use 20kg vinegar per100kg tortoise shell [1].
4 Roasted tortoise shell is characterized by irregular small pieces with yellowish or yellowish white surface and radial texture [1]. The inner surface is yellow and white, the edge is serrated, and it is hard, which can be broken from the seam of the bone plate [1]. The smell is slightly fishy and the taste is slightly salty [1].
The surface of roasted tortoise shell is yellow and crisp with slight vinegar [1].
Tortoise shell is salty, sweet and slightly cold. Liver, kidney and heart meridians.
6 Efficacy and Indications of Tortoise Shell "People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia" (version 20 10): Tortoise Shell has the effects of nourishing yin, suppressing yang, tonifying kidney and strengthening bones, nourishing blood and heart, consolidating menstruation and stopping metrorrhagia. It can be used for hot flashes due to yin deficiency, night sweats due to bone steaming, dizziness, asthenia of wind, weakness of muscles and bones, forgetfulness due to guilty conscience, and metrorrhagia.
Tortoise shell is hard in texture, fishy in smell, good at nourishing yin and suppressing yang, and can be used for hyperactivity of liver yang caused by internal movement of liver wind [1]. For example, Zhengan Xifeng Decoction (recorded by western medical experience) and Dading Zhu Feng (syndrome differentiation of febrile diseases) are used to treat liver and kidney yin deficiency and hyperactivity of liver yang [1].
Tortoise shell is used for tonifying kidney and strengthening bones, nourishing yin and stopping bleeding. Commonly used for fatigue hemoptysis, soreness of feet and knees, hot flashes and night sweats, and swelling and pain of hemorrhoids [1]. For example, Dabuyin Pill for treating fever due to yin deficiency and night sweats due to bone steaming, and Qian Hu Pill for treating weakness of muscles and bones (Danxi Heart Therapy); Gu Jing Pill (Introduction to Medicine) [1].
7 Processing Efficacy Baked tortoise shells are hard in texture and fishy in smell. They are good at nourishing yin and suppressing yang, and are used for hyperactivity of liver wind and liver yang [1]. For example, Zhengan Xifeng Decoction (recorded by western medical experience) and Dading Zhu Feng (syndrome differentiation of febrile diseases) are used to treat liver and kidney yin deficiency and hyperactivity of liver yang [1].
Sauté ed vinegar in sand is crisp and fragile after quenching, which is beneficial to frying effective components and can correct the taste [1]. Tortoise shell is used for tonifying kidney and strengthening bones, nourishing yin and stopping bleeding. Commonly used for fatigue hemoptysis, soreness of feet and knees, hot flashes and night sweats, and swelling and pain of hemorrhoids [1]. For example, Dabuyin Pill for treating fever due to yin deficiency and night sweats due to bone steaming, and Qian Hu Pill for treating weakness of muscles and bones (Danxi Heart Therapy); Gu Jing Pill (Introduction to Medicine) [1].
Study on processing of tortoise shell: Tortoise shell mainly contains collagen and various amino acids, such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, cystine, valine and lysine. It also contains inorganic elements such as chromium, manganese, copper, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, potassium and calcium [1].
8. Effect of 1 on chemical composition (1) The experimental results show that both the fried tortoise shell and the vinegar-quenched tortoise shell are higher than the raw tortoise shell, and the order of total amino acid content and total nitrogen content is sand-fried tortoise shell >: sand-fried tortoise shell > raw tortoise shell, which shows that sand-fried tortoise shell and vinegar-quenched tortoise shell are helpful to the dissolution of its components [1].
(2) The chemical constituents of tortoise shell and tortoise shell are basically the same, but their contents are different [1]. For example, the content of trace elements Zn and Mn in tortoise shell is obviously higher than that in tortoise shell, and the content of decoction of sand-fried vinegar quenching product is also higher than that in tortoise shell [1].
8.2 Process Research (1) In the cleaning process, the traditional water immersion is greatly influenced by the seasonal climate. Generally, soaking takes more than 20 ~ 30 days. In the process of soaking, a large number of bacteria grow and multiply, which leads to the decay and odor of drugs and affects the curative effect of drugs [1]. For this reason, many studies on process improvement have been carried out in various places, which are mainly divided into pyrolysis and enzymolysis [1]. Pyrolysis mainly adopts steaming, high-pressure steaming, boiling, boiling and sand frying. Enzymatic hydrolysis methods include protease method, yeast method and pig pancreas method [1]. The improved cleaning process shortens the processing time, and the preparation method is simple, easy to operate, not limited by season, climate and site, clean and hygienic, without polluting the environment and affecting the drug efficacy [1]. According to the experimental analysis, the contents of free amino acids, hydrolyzed amino acids, total nitrogen, water extract, alcohol extract and ash in processing tortoise shell with edible fungi are higher than those in traditional methods [1]. Trace elements such as chromium, calcium, iron and copper are slightly higher than those of the traditional method, while aluminum and manganese are slightly lower than those of the traditional method, and the contents of arsenic and lead harmful to human body are lower than those of the traditional method, which shows that the improved process is superior to the traditional method [1].
(2) According to the experimental results of processing turtle shell, the maximum frying rate of processed products is better than that of China Pharmacopoeia (sand frying and vinegar quenching), but the loss rate of processed pieces is much lower than that of China Pharmacopoeia [1]. Furthermore, the fried products obtained at different temperatures and different times have different effective components, and the frying rate is low when the temperature is too low or the time is too short, and the brittleness of the medicinal materials is not enough; On the contrary, if the temperature is too high or the time is too long, the medicinal materials are too brittle or close to coking, the materials available for frying are destroyed, and the frying rate is also low [1].
9 storage method of roasted tortoise shell