Latin scientific name: peanut
English name: peanut, or groundnut
Alias: Peanut, longevity fruit, Sweet Bean, Ginseng,
Pine trees, longevity fruit, bean figs,
Pot, Tang bean.
Classification of families and genera
Domain: Eukaryotic domain
Field: the plant kingdom in the plant kingdom
Door: angiosperm magnolia door
Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia
Objective: Leguminosae plants
Family: Leguminosae
Subsubfamily: Faba subfamily of Papilionidae
Peanuts of the genus Arachis.
Type: peanuts
Brief description
Peanut is good at nourishing and helping to prolong life, so it is also called "longevity fruit" by the people, and it is also called "vegetable meat" and "vegetarian meat" like soybeans. The nutritional value of peanuts is higher than that of cereals, and it can be compared with some animal foods such as eggs, milk and meat. It contains a lot of protein and fat, especially unsaturated fatty acids, and is suitable for making various nutritious foods.
Peanut is a leguminous crop and one of the main oil varieties of high-quality edible oil, also known as "groundnut" or "longevity fruit". Peanut is millet. Originated in tropical and subtropical areas of South America. /kloc-was introduced to China in the 6th century, and/kloc-was developed at the end of the 9th century. Now it is planted all over the country, mainly in Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and other provinces (regions). Shandong province has the largest planting area and the largest output.
Laixi City is an important peanut planting and processing place in China. The planting area of Laixi peanut is 335,000 mu, and the annual output is as high as 1 1 10,000 tons. The planting area and output rank second in China, and the per capita output ranks first. Known as "the hometown of peanuts in China", the direct export volume accounts for nearly 20% of the total national export volume. It is an important peanut export base in China.
There are about 60 ~ 70 kinds of peanuts, and 2 1 species has been collected and identified so far. Most of them are diploid species (2x=20). Cultivated peanuts are two autotetraploid species (2x=40), and their diploids naturally double. According to the concentration of peanut varieties, the Tahe River basin in southern Bolivia, northwestern Argentina and Lapola at the foot of the Andes may be the origin centers of peanuts.
The earliest record of peanuts in European literature is Spain's General History of West India. China's records about peanuts first appeared in Jia Ming's Diet Notes in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Later, many books not only have the biological characteristics of peanuts, but also have geographical distribution. It can be seen that the literature on peanuts in China is about 100 years earlier than that in Europe.
There are more than 100 countries producing peanuts in the world, and Asia is the most common, followed by Africa. However, there are only more than 65,438+00 countries producing commodities. Among the major producing countries, India and China have the largest planting area and output, with the former being about 7.2 million hectares and 5.6 million tons, while the latter being 3.553 million hectares and 6.757 million tons respectively (1.985). Other countries include Senegal, Nigeria and the United States.
Peanuts are widely distributed in China and planted everywhere. The main producing areas are Shandong, eastern Liaoning, Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong, Yellow River and Huaihe River Basin, and hilly and sandy areas along the southeast coast. Shandong province accounts for about 1/4 of the national production area and 1/3 of the total output. Peanuts produced in Longyan, Fujian, are full, crisp and delicious, which should be a local feature of domestic peanut varieties.