Yu succeeded in harnessing water and was regarded as a generation of sages, but he violated the tradition of tribal alliance, established a slave country in China and forged Jiuding, a symbol of kingship. As the dynasty sent more and more. Jiuding has been handed down from generation to generation. However, between Qin and Han dynasties. Jiuding disappeared, making people wonder whether Jiuding really exists.
China ancient bronze craft is highly developed, and many rare treasures have been handed down. But as far as the historical value is concerned, nothing can compare with the legend cast by Jiuding for Dayu. Later generations called the struggle for political power "winning the championship" and the establishment of political power "Dingding", because Jiuding has been regarded as a symbol of kingship for three generations.
According to the three-year record in Zuo Zhuan, in the early Xia Dynasty, Kyushu County was ordered to pay tribute to bronze and cast Jiuding, and the wonders of mountains and rivers all over the country were painted into figures in advance, and then carved on the tripod body respectively. Jiuding is displayed outside the palace gate after casting, so that people can know what ghosts and gods are there at a glance, and they can avoid evil spirits and make money. It is said that this move won the praise of heaven, so the Xia Dynasty was blessed by the Emperor of Heaven. As soon as Jiuding was born, it was covered with a mysterious color. In fact, it is not difficult to see its political value through mythical factors. In summer, Jiuding is made of bronze from Kyushu, and then Jiuding symbolizes Kyushu, just to show that he is the master of Kyushu and realize the unification of the world. Since then, Jiuding has become a treasure of three generations. Legend has it that after Xia's death, Ding returned to Shang, and after Shang's death, Ding returned to Zhou, indicating that his destiny belonged to him.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, with the decline of imperial power, powerful governors had a covetous heart for Jiuding, and Chu took the lead in attacking. Historical records? 6? 1 Chu Jiazhi records that eight years ago (606 BC), Chu Zhuangwang led troops to attack Lu Hun's Rong, passing through Luoyi, and deliberately arrayed himself to show his strength. King Ding of Zhou quickly sent a doctor, Wang Sunman, to comfort him. Chu Zhuangwang aggressive, truly ask Jiuding size. Wang coldly said, "In Germany, not in Ding!" Then he slowly reviewed the history of Jiuding changing hands, saying that if the essence is beautiful, then the tripod is small and heavy, and vice versa. He further pointed out: "Although Zhou De has declined, his destiny has not changed, and the weight of the tripod cannot be asked." Chu Zhuangwang hit a rebuff and had to give up. This is the origin of the idiom "Winning the Central Plains".
By the end of the Warring States period, the Zhou royal family was dying. According to the warring States policy? 6? 1 Eastern Zhou policy, during the reign of King Xian of Zhou, Qin moved its capital to Zhou in an attempt to seize Jiuding. Zhou asked Qi for help and forced Qin to withdraw. But Qiang Qin refused to stop there. Later, Zhao Haoqi of Qin finally destroyed the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
Around Jiuding, there are two problems that are still difficult for future generations to understand. One is whether Dayu cast a tripod, and the other is connected with the first question, that is, the final destination of Jiuding.
The Zuo Zhuan quoted above said that Jiuding was cast at the time of "virtue at the end of summer", while the history books advanced the time of casting the tripod a little, saying that it was in full bloom in midsummer, and clearly stated that Dayu received the gold from Jiumu and cast Jiuding, which was originally to symbolize Kyushu. Mozi said that this tripod was cast in the early summer. The above statement is generally similar, and it has been endorsed by many people in later generations. Basically, it is believed that the tripod was cast by Dayu, and the time was when the Xia Dynasty was established.
Skeptics believe that after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he did not seize Jiuding from Zhou. On the contrary, the rumor about Jiuding's disappearance is that he has a nose and eyes. I didn't see Ding when the Qin Dynasty was destroyed. When Liu Bang ascended the throne, Zi Ying, king of Qin, only handed over the imperial seal. "The Warring States Policy" said that when Zhou gained power, each tripod needed 90,000 people to carry it, and Jiuding needed 810,000 people to carry it. Is this possible? Modern ancient historians believe that the Warring States policy is full of exaggeration, and Yu Zhu can't occupy a dominant position.
According to contemporary archaeological excavations, some scholars believe that bronzes and bronzes have been unearthed in some primitive social sites before the Xia Dynasty. Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan Province, is recognized by academic circles as belonging to Xia Dynasty. Bronzes of various shapes, such as bronze knights and copper chisels, were unearthed, and archaeologists also found crucible fragments, copper slag and pottery models, which proved that Xia people were fully capable of making bronzes. At least technically, Zhu Yu's nine tripod is possible. I'm afraid it is not absolutely powerful to deny Yu Zhu's dominant position only by some defects in ancient legends.
Where is Jiuding, which spread to the Zhou Dynasty?
Some scholars find that the statements in Historical Records are inconsistent. Both Zhou and Qin said that in the fifty-second year of Wang (255 BC), after his death, he finally "took Qin from Jiuding". The Biography of Qin Shihuang said that Jiuding was on his way to Xianyang when a tripod was blown to Surabaya, Jiangsu. According to this, except for one tripod, all eight tripods may have been searched in the palace of Qin State, which should have been lost after the death of Qin State. Zhang Shoujie, a Tang Dynasty man, also said in the justice of Historical Records: "In the nineteenth year of Zhou Nanwang, Qin and Zhao Haoqi took Jiuding, one of them swam in the water, and the other eight were in the middle of Qin." But he took King Zhao of Qin to Jiuding, 4 1 year earlier than this article in Historical Records. Historical records? 6? Zen 1 book also said: "Zhou De declined, Song She died, and Ding was lost." Then Jiuding fell as early as the end of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and had nothing to do with the State of Qin. Later, Hanshu? 6? "1 offering sacrifices to the suburbs" is also a compromise theory, but it also says that "in the forty-second year of King Zhou Xian (327 BC), ... the tripod fell at the foot of Pengcheng, a city in the old year". Later, when Qin Shihuang patrolled Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), he sent thousands of people to swim and salvage. The result was like drawing water with a sieve, and he failed to do it. This shows that Jiuding is not in Qin, at least one tripod is missing.
In the Qing Dynasty, scholars such as Quan and Shen Qinhan openly expressed doubts about the above traditional views and made new explorations. Wang Xianqian in Hanshu Supplement? 6? 1 year, in addition to quoting right and Shen Zhi's theory, it has further developed, and its main contents can be roughly summarized as the following three points: (1) Zhou people prevented the powers from coveting; Coupled with economic difficulties, the worst policy of destroying the tripod and casting money was adopted; Externally, I said I lost it, but I don't know where it is. (2) The history of Zhou Sheng's destruction by Qin was a conjecture for people at that time, which was not valid. (3), Qin people misinformed Jiuding. Qin Shihuang was also fooled by people swimming in the water. These statements are thought-provoking, but they are not necessarily the most important.
Since Jiuding is regarded as the land of destiny by Zhou people, it can only survive with the country. Is it reasonable to destroy yourself because of the covet of great powers? Moreover, Jiuding was cast in early summer, and its shape will not be too big. Chu Zhuangwang once said in a contemptuous tone: "The bird's beak of the State of Chu is enough to be Jiuding." ("Historical Records? 6? 1 Chu family) It can be seen that Jiuding's "weight" only exists in the traditional mysterious concept, not the value of the object itself. Can the rulers of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty destroy the tripod and cast money for a small amount of copper coins and commit suicide?
Throughout the relevant records in ancient books, although there are different opinions on the time and place of Jiuding's fall, there is no information that was destroyed. Therefore, we have reason to expect the progress of archaeological work. If Jiuding was lost before the demise of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it is more likely to be buried in Kanto. If it is lost at the end of Qin dynasty, it is more likely to be buried in Guanzhong; If Xiang Yu returned to Pengcheng after breaking the Qin Dynasty, it was probably "lost in Pengcheng-Buyi" in the swimming water, but it was far from the time recorded in Hanshu. If these problems can be clarified, it may be helpful to find the whereabouts of Jiuding.
The time when Jiuding was regarded as a symbol of kingship is gone forever, but as a symbol of China's entry into a civilized era, it has an indelible significance. We believe that once Jiuding sees the light of day again, it will radiate more brilliant light!