The Qin Dynasty was a county in central Guizhou.
During the Western Han Dynasty, it was a part of Linyuan County, Wuling County.
In 50 AD (the 26th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty), the Taoyuan area was separated from Linyuan County, located in the former Nanxian County, and belonged to Wuling County. Its county is located in Gucheng Mountain (now Maoling Township, Dingcheng District), 70 miles southwest of Wuling County.
In A.D. 106 (the first year of Yanping, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty), he moved to Xunyangping (now Xunyangping Village, Zhangjiang Town).
During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the county names were all Yuannan County.
In 583 AD (the third year of Emperor Wendi), the three counties of Linyuan, Yuannan and Hanshou were Wuling County, belonging to Langzhou.
During the Tang and Five Dynasties, today's Taoyuan area was a part of Wuling County.
In 963 AD (the first year of Gande in Song Taizu), the transshipment made Zhang Yong propose to set up Taoyuan County according to the imperial edict of Wuling County. The reason is that there is a scenic spot and a magnificent Taoist temple, which is named after the legend of Peach Blossom Garden written by Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. As early as the Jin Dynasty, there was a Taoist temple called Taochuan Palace in Taoyuan Mountain of Taohuayuan. Taoyuan County is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, China, downstream of Yuanjiang River. It is a county under the jurisdiction of Changde City.
In 277 BC (the 30th year of Qin Dynasty), in order to defend "taking Wujun to the south of the Yangtze River", Shu built a city in the east of Wuling District and set up Qianzhong County, which has a history of more than 2,200 years.
Known as Wuling, Langzhou and Dingzhou in history, it was once the land of seven dynasties' county administration, seven dynasties' military administration and seven dynasties' feudalism, and its jurisdiction reached as far as northwest Hunan, southwest Hubei, northeast Guizhou and northeast Guangxi, and it was known as "the lips and teeth of western Chu" and "the throat of Guizhou".
Changde, called Wuling in ancient times, is also called Liucheng. 300,000 years ago, primitive people lived and multiplied in the mountains and rivers of Yuanshui and Lishui Plain in Changde area. More than 40 Paleolithic remains were found in Nan Li Township, Zhanggongmiao Town, Yaopo Township, Jinshi City, and Shi Gang, Guanxi Town, Dingcheng District. The stone tools excavated include stone chips, stone hammers, stone balls, sharp objects, choppers, etc. Primitive people used these primitive tools to collect fruits and hunt wild animals.
The excavation of Chengtoushan site in Lixian County proves that Changde began to enter the Neolithic Age 9000 years ago, during which primitive people had mastered the technology of stone grinding and pottery making. The lower culture of Shimen Zaoshi, more than 7000 years ago, is one of the representatives of the early Neolithic culture in China. During this period, the production tools included axes, chisels and other cutting tools and fishing nets, and the original pottery-making technology was mastered to produce simple tableware.
The Tangjiagang site in Anxiang more than 6500 years ago reflects the prosperous life of the matriarchal clan society in Changde at that time. The site of Huachenggang in Anxiang more than 5,000 years ago is a powerful proof that Changde entered the patriarchal society. During this period, the production tools have been greatly improved, the drilling, cutting and polishing techniques of stone tools are relatively mature, and pottery is generally trimmed with slow wheels. The place name "Wuling" first appeared in the early Western Han Dynasty.
"History of Han Geography" records: "Wuling County, with a high emperor, is named Jianping. It belongs to Jingzhou. Thirteen (leading) counties: Suo (now Wuling District, Dingcheng District and Hanshou County of Changde City, so the old city is sixty miles northeast of Changde City), Liling (now Hubei Gongan County and Hunan Nanxian County, Huarong County, Yueyang County, an xiang County and Lixian County), Yuanling (now Wuling District, Dingcheng District and Taoyuan County of Changde City). Wrong into today's Guizhou Province), Wuyang (now Zhijiang, Xinhuang and Huaihua counties, wrong into today's Guizhou Province), Qianling (now Baojing County, wrong into today's Sichuan Province), Chenyang (now Chenxi, Mayang, Huayuan and Fenghuang counties) and Youyang (now Yongshun, Longshan and Guzhang counties).
Wuling county is also called Yiling county. According to Chang Lin's "Yiling Story", "Xiang Yu killed Yidi in Chen and cried in Zhaoqu Pavilion, so he was called Yiling." County governs Yiling County (once said to govern Suo County). According to the original note of "Records of the Later Han Dynasty Wuling County", "Qin Zhaowang's hometown is named Qianzhong County. Gaudi changed his name in five years. " 【 Water Mirror Zhu Yuan Shui Yue is recorded as "the second year of Emperor Gaozu". There have always been two theories about Wuling county governance. When it comes to Zhisuo County, those who hold this view are: Di Guang Zhi by Ouyang Long in Song Dynasty, Historical Evolution Table of Qing Dynasty by Changji, and Wuling County Zhi by Tongzhi. They hold this view, perhaps according to the Records of Geography of Hanshu, there are thirteen counties in Wuling County, and Suo County ranks first among all counties. According to the convention of this book, county governance is also placed at the top of the counties under its jurisdiction, so Suo County is regarded as Wuling County governance. Second, manage Yiling. Those who hold this view are Wang Tai's Kuodizhi, Shigu's Zhu, Jiaqing Changde Mansion Records Evolution Table, Hunan Geography Records, Changde County Records, Changde City Records New Compilation and so on. The author also agrees with this statement. The reason is that Wuling County in the Western Han Dynasty was changed to the original county in the middle of Qin and Guizhou by Emperor Gao Han.
According to Yuanhe County Records, the county between Qin and Guizhou is in the west of Yuanling County in Chenzhou today. In recent years, archaeologists have discovered the ruins of this city. The middle county of Qin and Guizhou originally conquered Chu in the 30th year of Qin (the first 277 years), taking Wujun and Jiangnan as the middle counties of Guizhou. Before that, it was the central county of Chu and Qian. Qin established a county in central Guizhou, mainly to strengthen the control of witchcraft, central Guizhou and Jiangnan from the military and political aspects. The county is located in Yuanling County, because Yuanling swims in the Yuanshui River, reaching Guizhou in the upper reaches and Dongting in the lower reaches, and the two rivers of Yuanli, Xiangxi and northern areas are under control.
Economically speaking, the gold in Lishui, Guizhou, the bamboo and wood, camellia oleifera, baomao and lacquerware in Xiangxi, especially the rich copper, tin, lead and other minerals in Dansha and Mayang counties of Chenxi, are all important material resources urgently needed for a country's development. The establishment of Qianzhong County here is of great economic and strategic significance to the management of the whole southwest region.
In the Han Dynasty, after taking Qianzhong County, Wuling County was established, and the county was located in Xupu, not far from Yuanling County. Its intention is self-evident, and it will replace everything the former dynasty did here. Yan Shigu annotated Hanshu and collected more than 20 notes before him. He is knowledgeable, and he has a secretarial library to use. His comments on Hanshu are highly valued by scholars. In the annotation of Hanshu, he said: "Yiling was ruled in the old days, and it was not a nominal mausoleum in a county." There must be evidence. Perhaps he had a deep understanding of the mystery mentioned above, so he made the conclusion of "Yiling in Ceng Zhi, Wuling County". However, I also think that before Suo County changed Hanshou County to Jingzhou Secretariat, it might have been under Wuling County for a while, maybe after Yiling County. Because if it is not governed by one county and does not have the conditions to set up a large military, political and economic center, the historical secretariat will not move there.
Regarding the setting time of Wuling County, Zhu recorded it as "the second year of Emperor Gaozu", although "Historical Records and Biography of Emperor Gaozu" recorded that "in the second year of Emperor Gaozu, Xiang Yu died in the south of the Yangtze River, and in March, Yidi was sent into mourning". It seems to coincide with the renaming of Wuling County to Yiling County. However, from the analysis of the situation of the Chu-Han War at that time, in the second year of Emperor Gaozu, the main forces of Hanwang and Liu Bang were to set up counties in Longxi, Beidi, Shang Jun, Weinan, Shang He and Zhongli. Outside the customs are Henan County (Luoyang) and Hanoi County (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan). Hanwang himself invaded the east and was defeated by Xiang Yu east of Lingbi in Pengcheng. Even his parents and wife were captured by Xiang Yu. Very not easy to gather the foot soldiers one by one, coupled with the general's army and the strength of Guanzhong, only in Xingyang did the Chu soldiers break between Beijing and Suzhou. But it is impossible to take into account the establishment of counties in the south or southwest. As for the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, during this year, Xiang Yu committed suicide in Wujiang River; Hanwang, emperor, Luoyang; King Hengshan sealed Changsha, and King Wu sealed Fujian and King Yue. At this time, it is logical and timely to set up Wuling County in the former site of Qianzhong County. Jianyuan County is called Linyuan, Jiang Lu is called Liling, and Jianping County is called Wuling County. Command 12 county: Linyuan, Hanshou [Suo County was renamed Yangjia in the third year of the Western Han Dynasty, and Jingzhou moved here], Liling, Lingling, chongling, Yuanling, Chenyang, Youyang, Ganling, Kancheng, and Yuannan [South of Linyuan County in the 26th year of Jianwu, which is now Taoyuan County, the old city. The county governs the Forest Garden (now Changde City). "Notes on Water Classics: Shui Yuan" says: "Linyuan County, which is south of Shuiyuan, is named after it"). Since then, the forest garden has been ruled by the counties, states, prefectures and governments of past dynasties.
The origin of the name "Wuling", according to Liang Zhu's biography of the sages, "Pan Jing, the chief bookkeeping of Zhao Jue, the satrap of Jin Dynasty," Why is Ruxian named Wuling? Jing Yue:' Bi County, whose real name is Yiling, is in the border of Chenyang County, and it is adjacent to barbarians, and was destroyed by barbarians. Guangwu moved to the east, and when it was all, the number was changed. "Biography" said: Stop fighting for martial arts, "Poetry" notes: Gaoping is the mausoleum,' so it was renamed Yan. (See Yu Fang's visit to Changde House) The name of Wuling County was taken from Zuo Zhuan and The Book of Songs, which began in the early Han Dynasty and was later changed to Yiling County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed "Wuling County". Pan Jing's dialogue is incomplete. Maybe the conversation was hasty and I forgot to talk about the whole process of naming first, then renaming, and then renaming. Therefore, it is suspected of putting the cart before the horse.
Jingzhou secretariat ruled Han Shou, which was recorded in Gu Zuyu's Notes on Reading Historical Records in Qing Dynasty. Today, there is an ancient city of Hanshou in the east of Changde. In the second year of Chu Ping (Emperor Xiandi of Han Dynasty), Liu Biao was the secretariat of Jingzhou and moved to Xiangyang. He was the head of seven counties, and now he is the head of seven counties (namely Nanyang County, Nanjun County, Jiangxia County, Lingling County, Wuling County, Guiyang County and Changsha County), which is equivalent to some vast areas of Hunan, Hubei, South Henan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces.
Qing Tongzhi Wuling County Records records: "Hanshou City, 60 miles northeast of the county, is located in Benhansuo County, Wuling County governs Yan, and Emperor Hanshun changed his name to Hanshou, and moved to Jingzhou to be governed by the secretariat. The common name is Kongbicheng, which is a residential field, and the site still exists." According to Changde cultural relics, Suoxian Han Dynasty City is located in Duangangtou Township, 30 kilometers outside the east gate of Changde City. The ruins of the city ruins still exist today. The city consists of large and small cities with a total area of 540,000 square meters. The wall is 3-4m high and12-18m wide. There are four doors in the east, south, west and north. There are watchtowers at the four corners of the city, with a height of 7-65,438+00 meters. There is a moat about 30 meters wide around the city. There are relics of the Han Dynasty in this city. There is Han formation 14 in the southeast outside the city.
Liu Tang Yuxi's poem "Spring in Hanshou City" was written here. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wuling County was still in the territory (now Wuling District and most of Dingcheng District in Changde City), which belonged to Shu first and then to Wu. Wu Jingdi stayed in Yong 'an for six years and renamed it Wushou County, the original Hanshou County, with Zhuozhong County in Lingling and Chongxian County in the west, Nan 'an County in Fenling and Tianmen County in the west. At this time, Jingzhou has been moved from Hanshou to Jiangling, Hubei.
Wuling County only governs the forest garden, Wushou (which governs the western part of Hanshou County and the eastern part of Dingcheng District), Longyang (which was established in the Eastern Han Dynasty and governs the eastern part of Hanshou County), Yuannan, Yuanling, Chenyang, Qianyang, Ganling, Chengcheng, Youyang and Wuyang in Yuanshui River Basin, and no longer governs the counties in Lishui River Basin. During the Western Jin Dynasty, there was basically no big change in the setting of Wuling County and the areas under its jurisdiction. At this time, Wushou County in Wu Dong period has been restored to the old name of Hanshou County.
During the Liu and Song Dynasties, the area under the jurisdiction of Wuling County remained unchanged, except that Wuling County originally belonged to Jingzhou and was changed to Yunzhou (the state governs Wuchang County) (see Song Dynasty's Zhou Shu County Records); During the period of Xiao Qi, Wuling County moved to Yuanling (see "County Records of Southern Shu Qi"), and during the period of Xiao Liang, Wuling County moved back to the forest garden and was promoted to Wuzhou. (See Geography of Sui Shu, Taiping Universe and Summary of Reading History).
During the Chen Dynasty, Yuanling County had Yuanling, Chenyang, Qianyang, Ganling, Chengcheng, Youyang and Wuyang, which belonged to the middle and upper reaches of Wuling County. The four counties of Linyuan, Yuannan, Hanshou and Longyang in the lower reaches of Yuanshui River are Wuling County, which governs Linyuan. In the meantime, in the seventh year of Chen Taijian, Liang established Wuzhou in Wuling County, renamed Yuanzhou, and governed Wuling, Nanyiyang and Nanping counties. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Chen Dynasty, the jurisdiction of Wuling County was greatly reduced.
Since then, the jurisdiction of Langzhou, Wuling County, Dingzhou in Song Dynasty, Changde Road and Changde House in Ming and Qing Dynasties is basically the same as that of Wuling County in Chen Dynasty.
According to "Geography of Sui Shu", Chen was abandoned in Yuanzhou, where Wuling County was located, and changed to Langzhou, Hanshou and Yuannan as "Wuling County". It is the beginning of setting up Wuling County. Langzhou governs Wuling and Longyang counties. The great cause of Yang Di lasted for three years, and Langzhou was renamed Wuling County.
Geography of the Old Tang Dynasty said: In the fourth year of Wude, Xiaoxian County was located in Langzhou, in the first year of Tianbao, it was changed to Wuling County, and in the first year of Gan Yuan, Langzhou was restored. It belongs to Shannan East Road, the old leading county II: Wuling (now Wuling District, Dingcheng District, Taoyuan County, Changde City) and Longyang. According to Wen Tong Kao, Li and Lang are Wu Zhenjun. According to the records in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Ten Kingdoms and the History of the Five Dynasties, Liang Kaiping promoted Langzhou to Yongshun Army in the second year, changed to Wu Shunjun in the second year of the later Tang Dynasty, changed to Wu Zhenjun in the first year of Tongguang, and then changed to Wu Pingjun. In the third year, Zhou was promoted to Governor Langya. Lingxian 3: Wuling, Longyang and Jiangqiao (now Yuanjiang County, Yiyang City, from Yuezhou to Langzhou). In the late Five Dynasties, Ma Xixi, the descendant of Ma Yin, a separatist force in Hunan Province, and Zhou Xingfeng, his ministry, won in (AD 956) with the help of "Wuling took the risk of Jianghu and took tens of thousands of armor" in the bonfire war to help the Ma brothers fight for power and profit.
Since then, Zhou Xingfeng took control of Hunan and established Zhou Xingfeng's regime. Zhou Xingfeng moved the capital from Tanzhou to Langzhou, and Changde became the political center of Hunan in the late Five Dynasties. Zhou Xingfeng also built his own palace and mansion in Langzhou. Tongzhi's "Wuling County Chronicle" contains: Song Gande was in the second year, the army fell into regimental training, and Dazhong was lucky for five years. The state (Langzhou in the Tang and Five Dynasties) was changed to Dingzhou (note: the name of Dingzhou originated from the legend that it was named after the state because there was water at the intersection of the Yuan and Li rivers in Wuling County). Zheng He remained in Dingzhou for seven years.
According to "Song Geography", Jian Yan was promoted to lizhou town ambassador in four years. In the first year of Shaoxing, he set up the ambassador of Jinghu North Road to govern Dingzhou and led Li, Chen, Yuan and Jingzhou for thirty-two years. In the first year of Avenue, Xiaozong was promoted. "Records of Jiajing Changde Prefecture" contains: "In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing, Xiaozong awarded Chang Dejun and me with the king of Pu 'an County". It means that when Song Xiaozong was king of Pu 'an County before he acceded to the throne, he was Chang Dejun in Dingzhou. So Dingzhou is a place of filial piety. After Xiaozong acceded to the throne, Dingzhou was upgraded to "Changde House". In the past eight years, five counties (Ding, Li, Chen, Yuan and Jingzhou) and three counties (Wuling, Taoyuan and Longyang) have still been promoted.
[Records of Yuanfeng's Nine Domains] contains an analysis of the position of Wuling County in Taoyuan County in the first year of Gande. ] After Du Nan, Zeng Xian 1: Yuanjiang. The government governs Wuling County. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, according to the Records of the History of Yuan Dynasty, the appeasement department of Changde House was established in the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty, and it was changed to the general government in the 14th year. Changde Road, Lingxian County 1: Wuling, Tuesday 2: Taoyuan and Longyang, Lingxian County 1: Yuanjiang. It belongs to Hubei Road, Jiangnan, Huguanghang Province.
"Geography of Ming History" contains: "Changde House, Yuan Changde Road. It belongs to Huguangxing province, and Taizu Chen Jia is the government, leading four counties: Wuling, Taoyuan, Longyang and Yuanjiang.
Records of Jiaqing Changde Mansion and Records of the Unified Qing Dynasty contain: Changde Mansion and Kangxi served as ministers in Hunan Province for three years, leading Wuling, Taoyuan, Longyang and Yuanjiang counties. The government is in Wuling County. "Changde County Records" contains: In the second year of the Republic of China, the government was abolished and Wuling County was changed to Changde County.