He Shibi was first seen in Han Feizi's New Preface and other books. It is said that it was discovered in Jingshan by jade carving expert Bian He. At first it was unknown, but later it was refined by Wang Wen's common sense and named "He Shibi", which became a treasure handed down from generation to generation.
Original: Chu people and their families got jade in Chu Mountain and presented it as King Li. Li Wang made the jade man meet him, and the jade man said, "Stone also." The king regarded harmony as a dead hole, but gouged out his left foot. Qiu, acceded to the throne. And the prince of Wu who provides services. King Wu made people talk and said, "Shi Ye." Wang Youwei thought he had cut off his right foot. Qiu, Wen Wang and He Nai cried at the foot of the mountain for three days and three nights, followed by blood. Wang Wenzhi was asked why, saying, "Many people in the world have been dug up. Is it sad that Zi Xi cried? " He said, "I'm not sad. I feel sorry for my husband Baoyu, but I'm also a stone, and I'm called Zhen Shi, so I'm sad." Wang Nai asked Yumin to manage treasures, so people called them "harmonious treasures".
Full text translation:
There was a man named Bian He in the State of Chu who got a rough piece of jade in Jingshan. Bian He took this rough jade and gave it to the land of Li Chu. He ordered the jade worker to have a look. The jade worker said it was just a stone. Li was furious and cut off Bian He's left foot for deceiving the monarch. After the death of King Li of Qi, King Wu ascended the throne, and Bian He once again held the jade to see King Wu, who ordered the jade worker to see it. The jade worker still said that it was just a stone, so Bian He lost his right foot. King Wu died and King Wen acceded to the throne. Bian He wept bitterly for three days and three nights, holding the rough jade, and continued to cry blood after crying dry. When King Wen learned this, he sent someone to ask why. Bian He said: I am not crying that my feet have been cut off, but crying that Baoyu is treated as a stone, and loyal ministers are treated as bullies and innocent people are humiliated. So, King Wen ordered people to cut this rough jade open, and when it turned out to be a rare jade, he named it Heshibi.
Judging from the craftsmanship of this treasure, this treasure jade is really too deep for people to recognize: first of all, it was "Phoenix Living in a Stone" that caught Bian He's attention, and it would not have been discovered by Bian He's careful and careful people; Secondly, the first two kings of Chu failed to see that it was Baoyu, and the appraiser should at least be regarded as an "expert" figure, which means that this Baoyu is really difficult to recognize; Third, only after "chiseling" can the color finally show its brilliance. If you don't give it this chance to deal with it, Baoyu will still be buried ... What kind of jade is Heshibi? Heshibi is a famous jade in the history of China. It has been regarded as a "priceless treasure" for hundreds of years, and it is also known as Heshibi, Jingyu, Jinghong, Jingbi, Hebi and Hepu. The treasure of the world. Due to the loss of the jade, we can't know what the real jade looks like and what kind of jade it is. We can only imagine it through the description in limited written records. Therefore, there are various opinions about "what jade is jade". Let's take a look!
Statement 1: He Shibi is dushan jade. Heshibi is produced in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, and dushan jade in Nanyang, Henan Province is the closest to Xiangyang, Hubei Province, where the Bianhe River is located, so dushan jade is more likely. However, dushan jade was developed as early as the late Neolithic Age, and it was widely spread in the Spring and Autumn Period when the riverside lived. Therefore, there is no reason for jade experts in Chu State not to know about dushan jade.
Statement 2: Heshibi is Hetian jade. Pu is a stone that hides jade, with stones outside and beautiful jade in the middle. There are many kinds of original stones in Hetian jade, some of which are sugar-colored and some are stones, which are called stone-wrapped jade. This kind of "stone-wrapped jade" means that the beautiful jade is wrapped in stones, which is in line with the characteristics of "jade" of Heshibi. In addition, Lin Xiangru mentioned that Heshibi was "flawed", especially jade. The theory of jade virtue in that era mentioned the "defects" of Hetian jade many times. So Heshibi may be Hetian jade.
Statement 3: He Shibi is from Labrador. At present, most scholars believe that Hebi is most likely Labrador rock. The reason is that according to Du Guangting, a Taoist priest in the late Tang Dynasty, "the color is blue when viewed from the side and white when viewed from the right", which is in line with Labrador's color-changing optical effect. In addition, Du Guangting went to Shu with Tang Xizong to avoid chaos, and witnessed the laws of the country. Its description should be credible. But to the naked eye, there are obvious differences between Labrador stone and jadeite. Moreover, the legendary Hebi is jade-like with a thick shell, but Labrador has never seen a shell-like one.
Statement 4: Heshibi is turquoise. In the Yuan Dynasty, Tao Zongyi said in the Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun: "The color of the national seal is green and mysterious, and it shines brightly." Zhang, a famous geologist in China, thinks that the color phenomenon of Heshibi produced in Jingzhou, Hubei Province can be interpreted as a kind of turquoise, commonly known as "Xiangyang Dianzi", according to the description of the color phenomenon of Heshibi in Historical Records by Du Guangting and Du Guangting and Tao's Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun. Because turquoise is a unique jade in Hubei, turquoise is generally skinned within the so-called Jingzhou boundary in ancient times.
Statement 5: He Shibi is lantian jade. Shao Jing, an associate researcher at Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology, said that Lantian has produced beautiful jade since ancient times, and the famous "Jade of Harmony" in the Warring States Period was lantian jade. More than 5,000 years ago, mature jade works of art began to appear in China. However, the archaeological discovery of jade in Yangshao culture period has been very rare. Jade-related cultural relics, such as blanks, finished products, wastes and wastes, found in the Xinjie site in Lantian have been systematically unearthed, which is the first time in the history of early jade articles.
So what color and material is the real jade? Dialect and Hetian jade combine the existing knowledge to answer this question. Dialect and Hetian jade think that the material of Heshi wall is Xinjiang blue Hetian jade, and the following three points are enough to illustrate the problem:
1. In the tenth year of the Qin Dynasty (237 BC), Li Si mentioned in the book "Exhortation and Expulsion": "Your Majesty gave Kunshan a jade today as a treasure of harmony." "Sui Hebao" refers to "Sui Houzhu" and "Heshibi", which were two famous treasures at that time. It means: Today, Your Majesty got the Baoyu of Kunlun Mountain, and he has the Empress of Sui Dynasty and Heshibi. It can be seen that the value of Baoyu in Kunlun Mountain at that time had risen from treasure to artifact and was respected by the king. The jade in Kunshan is also called Hetian jade, and the top of Kunlun is the source of Hetian jade. This fully shows that there is no doubt that Heshi wall is produced in Kunlun Mountain, so Heshi wall must be a high-quality characteristic Hetian jade.
Second, Bian He got a piece of jade, jade wrapped in stone. According to the metallogenic theory, it is a fine hetian jade which is produced in the cave at the far end of nephrite deposit, and it is very rare. The "Jade Road" has a history of more than 6,000 years. Whether the jade road that transported Hetian jade from Kunlun Mountain to the Central Plains (especially Chu State) passed through the foot of Jingshan Mountain or not is impossible to verify. But one thing, judging from the characteristics and facts of Chinese jade culture, the first-class jade unearthed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is Hetian jade, without lantian jade and Labrador, and without diamonds.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the jade used by kings was Hetian jade, and Chu State should be no exception. Bian He knows jade. According to the weight of Yupu and the characteristics of stone-wrapped jade, it may be concluded that he got a rare fine jade, which is dedicated to the king of Chu. Bian He's two jade offerings were not recognized because the jade color was not white jade. Look at the color described in the literature: The Book of Jin? Records such as Jade Fu Zhi and Tang Xuling's Heart Jade Seal Spectrum show that its color is blue. Because it is not white jade, the jade workers around the emperor don't recognize it, but Bian He knows that blue Hetian jade is more precious than white jade, and high-quality and pure blue Hetian jade itself is quite scarce, so he offers jade to the emperor again and again.
King Qin Zhao is willing to exchange fifteen cities of Qin for Cui Xi. It can be seen that the wall of Caixi can only be an artifact that reflects the respect of the king. At that time, Hetian jade had risen from a treasure to an artifact. If it is the best white jade, even if the quality is very high, because the quantity is relatively large, King Qin Zhao will not exchange such a large amount of blood. It can be seen that Caixi has an extremely rare color. "Han Feizi": "He Shi Bi is not decorated with five colors; After the Sui Dynasty, the pearls were not decorated with silver and yellow, and their beauty was not enough to decorate them. " Five colors: blue, yellow, red, white and black. Mozi and Han Feizi's understanding of Heshibi, the former thinks it is a treasure among treasures and all countries want it; The latter said that jade was not decorated with five colors, while Han Feizi said that jade was not decorated with monochrome. If we understand Han Feizi's "five colors" according to this explanation, we will think that jade has no "five colors", that is, there is no blue, yellow, red, white and black. What color should it be? . In the Tang Dynasty, Du Guangting said in the Book of Gifts: "The essence of hidden stars falls on Jingshan and turns into jade. The color is blue from the side, but white from the right. " In the Yuan Dynasty, Tao Zongyi said in the Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun: "The color of the national seal is green and mysterious, and it shines brightly." All this shows that the heshi wall is blue.
According to historical records, after the mutiny in Chen Qiao, Song Taizu, only two seals of the Later Zhou Dynasty were obtained, but no national seal was obtained. It was not until the third year of Song Zhe Zongshaosheng (A.D. 1096) that Duan Yi, a native of Xianyang, won the imperial seal of "green as blue, moist and bright" in Henan. Appraised by thirteen officials, including Cai Jing, a bachelor of Hanlin at that time, this jade is a long-lost national seal. After the change of Jingkang, this seal was obtained by Xu Jin. There was also an official seal in the Yuan Dynasty. According to the History of Yuan Dynasty, in the first month of the 31st year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1294), the grandson of the late Muqali found a jade article for sale. This jade is a dazzling turquoise color, with a four-inch long Fiona Fang engraved with eight strange ancient seal words. Appraised by Yang Heng and others, it turned out to be the national seal handed down from generation to generation after Qin Dynasty. Later, this decree retreated from the north to Mobei with Yuan Shundi, and disappeared again.
It has been more than 2600 years since he presented a treasure in Bian River to the first emperor to make a decree, and then he disappeared mysteriously. He Shibi fluctuates with the ups and downs of history. There have been different opinions for thousands of years, mainly because there is no physical evidence. It is also the emergence of a 64.6 kg blues and Hetian jade held by dialect Hetian jade that completely solved the eternal mystery of the material of Heshi wall.
This rare blue hetian jade seed material is collected by dialect hetian jade appliance company in Xinjiang Yulong River and hetian jade seed material. After careful study, I opened three windows and found that the jade inside was lake blue. Two of the three windows were thin and had almost no structure, and one window was slightly loose. After analysis, nearly 10 kg of jade is slightly loose, and the remaining 50 kg is fine and thick. This rare hetian jade blue seed material is quite pure blue in color, unlike the sapphire seed material that is easy to see on the market now. Weighing 64.6 kg (size: 476*366*246mm), the skin is perfect, delicate and moist as jade, with lake blue color and excellent oil hardness, fineness and smoothness. What is particularly commendable is that this kind of big blue seed is not only of high quality, but also has a picture of artistic conception on the whole leather side, which is very rare like a soaring Huanglong and shows the prosperity of our country.