Category: Entertainment and Leisure
Problem description:
I have heard people talk about longan since I was a child, but I still don’t know what it is. ah?
Analysis:
Putian Longan
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Putian City is located on the coast of the East China Sea and the west coast of the Taiwan Strait. Due to its unique geography and climate resources, it is extremely suitable for planting longan and other subtropical precious fruit trees, including longan, loquat, lychee, and pomelo. They are the four traditional famous fruits of Putian City. They have always been famous at home and abroad, especially longan, which is known as "Xinghua Guiyuan is the best in the world".
Putian longan cultivation has a long history, beginning in the Han Dynasty, more than 2,000 years ago. According to Zuo Taichong's "Ode to the Capital of Shu": "Long eyes stand on the side, and lychees grow on the sides. Longan is only found in central Fujian and southern Guangdong." According to the inscription on the Lingyan Temple in Huangshan written by Huang Tao, the imperial censor of the Tang Dynasty, Dongfeng Temple in Putian County At that time, longan cultivation and processing technologies were already in the leading position in the country, such as high-inoculation transplantation, seedling grafting, variety selection, Guiyuan dry processing, etc. Putian City is one of the key longan production bases in the country. In 1999, the city's longan area was nearly 12,000 hectares, and the production area was 6,000 hectares. The annual output is expected to be about 30,000 tons, of which 18,000 tons are used for drying and can be processed into "Xinghua "Guiyuan dry" products range from 6,000 to 7,000 tons.
Due to its unique cultivation region, Putian longan has bred many varieties and excellent quality. There are more than 80 varieties in the city, the most in the country. Because Putian is located at the northern edge of the suitable area for longan cultivation in my country, it has sufficient sunshine, moderate rainfall, and a large temperature difference between day and night, which is conducive to the accumulation of soluble solids (mainly sugar). Therefore, Xinghua Guiyuan has a sweeter flavor than other producing areas, and has cultivated Many fine varieties. Putian longan is characterized by large fruit, high yield rate, and high soluble solid content (i.e. high sugar content). The two varieties "Shuinan No. 1" and "Youyi 106" have reached the national first-class longan standard and are Leading in the country; "Songfengben" and "Lidongben" are popular for their late maturity. The maturity period of the main varieties such as "Wulongling", "Youtanben", "Shuinan No. 1", "Songfengben" and "Lidongben" is from mid-August to mid-October, with an average single fruit weight of 13- 19 grams, yield rate 65-72%, soluble solid content 18.3-25%, rich vitamin C content, 43.12-167.7 mg per 100 grams of pulp, these indicators are significantly better than other producing areas.
Putian City’s dried longan processing technology has been passed down from generation to generation and is unique. "Xinghua Guiyuangan" has long been famous for its large particles, orange-yellow shell, non-collapsible flesh, crystal-clear flesh, easy to peel off, sweet and delicious. Historically, it has been exported to Southeast Asia, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui.
Longan is not only a nutritious fruit, but also has medicinal value. There are many beautiful legends in history. According to "Xinghua Prefecture Chronicles", in August of the year after Song Zhengzong came to the throne, the queen's body was in poor health and the imperial doctors were unable to do anything. It coincided with the longan tribute from Xinghua arriving in Beijing. The queen tasted it and felt thirsty. She could eat it again and walk. He recovered physically and was honored by the imperial conquest. He was given the reputation of "Gui Yuan" and his reputation remains to this day. It is also said that longan is the most precious fruit among all the fruits, and it is extremely beautiful and unparalleled. Modern medicine and nutritional analysis have proven that longan and its products, dried longan, longan meat, longan ointment, longan paste, etc., have the effects of appetizing and strengthening the spleen, tonifying deficiency, improving intelligence, nourishing blood and calming the mind, and dried Guiyuan can be used to treat post-illness diseases. It is a good product for people with deficiency, anemia, flaccidity, neurasthenia, and postpartum blood loss. The medical value of longan has already been recorded in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Longan is sweet and flat, non-toxic, mainly used to treat evil qi of the five internal organs, calm anorexia, and long-term use will make you strong, smart, light and immortal, and connect the gods." Li Shizhen also mentioned in "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Longan is an appetizer, invigorates the spleen, nourishes deficiency, and improves intelligence." According to the analysis of Japanese medical expert Otozaburo Okumura, longan pulp also contains crude protein and vitamin K (196.5 mg/100 g). Fruit pulp) and inorganic salts, etc., are extremely beneficial to human health. In the second round of anti-aging natural foods in my country, relevant experts pointed out: "Longan and Polygonum multiflorum are anti-aging natural foods." Experiments in the Japanese medical community have proven: "Longan has a strong anti-cancer effect, and its efficacy is no less than anti-aging." Cancer drug - vincristine ”
Introduction to improved varieties
Youyi 106: A rare and late-maturing longan variety that matures from the end of September to early October (this city, the same below). The average single fruit weight is 16.1 grams, and the maximum can reach 25 grams. The soluble solid content is more than 19%, and the edible rate is more than 70%. This variety has crispy texture, sweet taste, no juice, easy to separate from the stone, large ears, and fruit Uniform size, relatively high yield, stable yield and other characteristics.
Shuinan No. 1: It is a new longan variety bred in our city in recent years. The fruit matures around mid-September, has strong disease resistance, fast growth and high yield. The average single fruit weight is 18-23g, with the maximum reaching 32g. The flesh is thick and crisp, with a clear and short-term taste. The soluble solid content is 18.3-21.6%, and the average credibility rate is 72.5%.
Songfengben (Shuinan No. 2): A rare and late-maturing longan variety that matures in early to mid-October. The average weight of a single fruit is 13.6g, and the maximum can reach 16.2g. The soluble solid content is 23-25 %, and the edible rate is 62.8%.
The meat is crispy and sweet, transparent in color, not juicey, and of excellent quality. The peel has a green-yellow appearance, beautiful color, and moderate thickness. It can be eaten fresh and roasted.
Longyou: It is an excellent new early-maturing longan variety bred in our city. The average fruit weight is 16.37g, the soluble solid content is 18-19.1%, and the edible rate is 68.2%. The maturity period is in early to mid-August, 10-15 days earlier than Wulongling. This variety has the characteristics of early maturity, large fruit, high quality, and can be eaten. It has the characteristics of high feeding rate, early production, high yield and stable yield.
Beginning of Winter: The tree shape is slightly dwarfed and round-headed; an excellent late-maturing variety. The fruit maturity period is from late October to late November. The tree-hanging period is long. The average single fruit weight is 12.6-14.5g, with the highest Up to 17g; soluble solids 20-30%, edible rate up to about 65%, fruit size is uniform, peel thickness is moderate, can be eaten fresh and roasted; pulp is milky white, translucent, juicy and fine, tastes sweet and has good quality excellent.