abstract
The early style of Tang poetry carried the bad habits of the Six Dynasties. The appearance of Chen Ziang reversed the trend of Qi and Liang Dynasties, and his poems advocated "style", "elegance" and "prosperity", which made the early Tang poetry embark on a healthy road. But in history, the evaluation of his poetic thought and creation is one high and one low. This paper discusses this disharmony from his thought and creation.
Key words: Chen Ziang, figure, Ji Xing, sentimental poem, Youzhou Tower.
I. Introduction
The Tang Dynasty was the peak of the development of China's poetry, but the poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty still continued the qi of Qi Liang, and it has not yet created its own features. Although there has been a political change since the founding of Li Yuan, it is still a continuation of Qi in literature. Yuan Haowen, in "On Thirty Poems", said to the change of poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty: "Shen Song traversed the field of calligraphy, and Qi and Liang Dynasties did not abandon the early romantic style. In terms of merits and demerits, if you are on an equal footing with Wu Ping, you will jointly cast gold castings. " Three key poets were selected: Shen Quanqi and Song He. Shen and Song are the representatives of court poets in the early Tang Dynasty, and they are the summary of the transition from the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty. Chen Ziang, on the other hand, stands out in the romantic atmosphere of Qi and Liang Dynasties, advocating "character", "elegance" and "wealth" and inspiring Shishi Tang style.
The evaluation of Chen Ziang has always focused on his poetic thoughts, saying that he was the first person who consciously swept away Mickey's wind since the Six Dynasties and made great achievements. However, the evaluation of his poetry works is not high, and he even said that "it is like memorizing words, like prison words, like handouts, but it is no longer like poetry." This paper attempts to explore the disharmonious factors in Chen Ziang's literary thoughts and poetry creation from the perspective of his innovative thoughts and poetry creation.
Second, Chen Ziang's innovative ideas
In the theory of poetry, Chen Ziang is the one with the fiercest attitude and the greatest achievement except the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty". Chen Ziang said in his famous "Oriental Zuo's Bamboo Preface":
This kind of article has been harmful for 500 years. Han Wei's style is legendary in Jin and Song Dynasties, but it is worthy of criticism in literature. When servants are free, they look at each other's poems, which are colorful and complicated, but they are never happy to send them, sighing through the ages. Think of the ancients often afraid of stumbling and decadent, elegant and not doing it, but also worried.
This can be said to be an essay criticizing Qi Liang's elegant poetic style. Its significance lies not only in clearly opposing the poetic style of Qi Liang, but also in putting forward the aesthetic requirements for the development of poetry such as "style", "prosperity" and "elegance", thus solving the problem of correcting the poetic style of Qi Liang and theoretically pointing out the development direction of poetry in Tang Dynasty.
First, the power of character.
From Chen Ziang's comments on "Gu Tong Fu" in "Preface to Dong Zuo's Bamboo Slips", we can clearly see the meaning of "style and character" he pursues. He said:
Yesterday, I saw Gong Ming's Ode to a Lonely Tung in three places. His back is full, his voice is depressed, he is brilliant, and his practice is complete. And Kim. Then decorate your vision with your heart and play the melancholy down. I don't want to be the beginning voice, so I will watch it again. Can make Jian' an authors smile at each other.
"vigorous" means that the thoughts and feelings contained in the works should be dignified and elegant, lofty and handsome. "Tone and mood are ups and downs" means that the rhythm of poetry should be ups and downs, and the expression of feelings should be depressed and ups and downs. "Brilliant and practical" means that the works should have gorgeous rhetoric and bright colors. Only in this way can they be vigorous and powerful. Thus, the "character" pursued by Chen Ziang means not only the ideological strength and emotional strength of his works. In fact, it is the requirement for poetry works from the aspects of ideological content, emotional color, language form and artistic style. Because the purpose of Chen Ziang's advocating "style of character" is to eliminate the influence of Qi Liang's poetic style, and to oppose the bad atmosphere of delicate and flashy and moaning without illness. Therefore, his emphasis on poetry focuses on the requirement that poetry works should have substantial ideological content and strong emotional strength.
Second, send.
Chen Ziang's prosperity is "emotional sustenance", which requires his works to be full of deep feelings. "He has deep feelings and gloomy feelings in his heart. He is natural, generous and energetic, tall and straight." With the rich emotional sustenance in the heart, Feng's character naturally overflows. What excites me is not that Shen and Song "fled to death unfortunately, but pursued their reasoning and became arrogant, or relied on their trees to become arrogant." It is not the self-exile of moaning without illness, but the conflict between the external environment and the poet's ideals and ambitions. The previous interpretation of Chen Ziang's poem "Feeling Encounter" was entitled "Feeling in the heart, trapped in the encounter, still like Zhuangzi's fable." "Love is in the heart, intersects with the eyes, is in the heart, and is sent in words." You can learn a little about Ang's inner hug.
Third, elegance.
"Elegance" advocates that poetry creation should be closely integrated with social reality, care about society and interfere in politics. This view is contrary to the prevailing style of court poetry at that time: the main content of court poetry is praise, but elegance requires poetry to have critical spirit. Court poets regard poetry as a tool for recreation, while elegance requires poets to regard poetry as a means to care about society and interfere in politics. In a word, advocating "the way of elegance" is to resist the magnificent poetic style prevailing in the poetic world at that time. Advocating "elegance" is of great significance to reverse the bad atmosphere in poetry.
As a result, with the efforts of the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty" and Chen Ziang, the style of Tang poetry has changed, which has led to the healthy development of Tang poetry. Chen Ziang, in particular, played an important role in reversing the influence of Qi Liang's poetic style. His good friend Lu Zangyong said in the preface of Chen Ziang's Collected Works:
Since the Song and Qi Dynasties, the cover was gaunt and clear, and the mausoleum was decadent. As for Xu Hewan, heaven will fall out of favor. The laggards, if they come from Shangguan Yi, will be born with their heels, so the elegant way will be swept away.
He praised Chen Ziang:
The rise of Jianghan, the expected summer, Li Zhuo's eternal and decadent tide, the world's loneliness and qualitative change.
However, there are some biases in Chen Ziang's poetic innovation thought. His starting point was to correct the bad atmosphere in the poetry circle at that time, such as consternation, charm, elegance, delicacy and moaning without illness. He emphasized that poetry works should have healthy and rich ideological content and strong emotional strength, but he also ignored the formal beauty of poetry, especially the pursuit of poetic artistic conception and charm, which also had some adverse effects on his poetry creation.
Chen Ziang's Poetry Creation
Chen Ziang's poetic creation is closely related to his poetic thoughts. When he strongly advocated the restoration of the traditions of "Han and Wei style", "auspicious spirit" and "elegance", its essence was to require poetry creation to be closely integrated with social life, with rich ideological content and vigorous style. He not only wrote about his personal experience, the hardships of traveling, the life in the frontier and the grief of parting, but also wrote about the important social and political themes at that time, attacking the dark side of society. Paying attention to society, politics and people's livelihood are the main characteristics of poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and it is at this point that Chen Ziang gave the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty a positive influence.
First, in inheriting the tradition of "elegance"
Thirty-eight Ancient Poems is Chen Ziang's masterpiece. There are many chapters in it that criticize the dissoluteness and subjugation of kings in past dynasties, the malpractice of marquis Wu, and the indifference of the world, and attack the cruelty, luxury and ignorance of rulers, which has a positive effect on saving the times. Chen Ziang was deeply indignant at the constant use of foreign troops by Wu Hou, which brought profound disasters to the people. For example, the 29th "Feeling Poetry":
At the end of Dinghai, Xishan was a soldier, winning grain, and the lotus halberd surprised Qiang city.
Yan Donglan is full of vitality and poverty. I was in a daze day and night, and the feathers were surprised.
Fight Wan Ren with your fists and stay away from danger. Born in the peak valley, lamenting the snow and ice.
The sage governs the universe, and the Tao is peaceful. What's wrong with eating meat? There are many kinds of weeds.
Ding Hai hung the arch for three years (AD 687). This winter, Wuhou wanted to fight Asia and Qiang, and Chen Ziang wrote a letter to remonstrate. This poem is about this. The poet truly described the soldiers marching in the ice and snow, mountains and valleys, and expressed deep sympathy for their suffering. At the same time, it also points out that the blunder of those in power is the root of bringing profound disasters to the people, and sharply attacks the militarism of the rulers. But he is not opposed to all wars, and he strongly supports a just war against foreign invasion. For example, the 37th poem "Feeling Poetry":
Facing Yunzhong County, looking north at Khan Taiwan. Hu Qin is so close to you, and Sha Shuo is so energetic.
Born in Tianjiaozi, madness is back. Saiyuanda star, the pavilion is empty.
Duh, why do I sigh? People are drawing grass.
The poet severely condemned the crimes of Turkish nobles who repeatedly violated the border and made the border people suffer. At the same time, he also expressed indignation at the incompetence of the border generals and deep sympathy for the soldiers who dumped their bodies on the battlefield. Since the Sui Dynasty, there have been many works on the theme of the frontier war, most of which describe the frontier scenery, generously join the army, and give their lives to serve the country, but there are few works like Chen Ziang that specifically describe people's sufferings and criticize current politics. This is a breakthrough in frontier fortress poetry creation, which makes this theme more realistic and profoundly reflects social life. It had an obvious influence on poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, especially Gao Shi's frontier poems.
Some of Chen Ziang's works even criticized the supreme rulers and expressed great indignation at their debauchery and lethargy. For example, the 28th poem "Feeling Poetry":
After zhanghua's banquet, King Jing was very dissolute. Neon jade cover, shooting cloud dreams.
Come to Gaotang Temple and overlook Yunyang Cen. Where is the ambition now? The yellow birds are wailing in the air.
Zhanghuatai is the place where King Chu Ling indulged in wine and revelry. Zhang Hua Tai Fu, an essay written by Bian Rang in the Han Dynasty, criticized Emperor Han Ling through the historical facts that King Chu Ling was dissolute and wrong. It is impossible for Chen Ziang not to know this. Therefore, this poem uses the ancient to satirize the present, and its political implication is very clear.
And if this poem is still a parody of the present, then the 19 poem "Feeling Poetry" is aimed at the major issues in political life at that time:
Saints are not selfish, but sad in Yuanyuan. Huang Jia Fei Yao, Yao and Tai 'an!
I heard that it is westernized, very pure and peaceful. Why is it that the jade is beyond the jade and the carving is respectable?
Yunshan is exhausted, and Yaotu pearls are annoying. Ghost work is not possible yet, but human resources can be saved?
Praise fools increases fatigue, praise wisdom leads to fainting.
Believing in Buddhism was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Wu Zetian advocated worshipping Buddha, building Buddhist temples, expanding the scope of monks, and consuming a lot of financial resources, which was a very prominent social problem at that time. This poem is obviously emotional and sharply criticizes the lethargy of the supreme ruler. Although his reason for opposing Buddhism is not new, it is unprecedented to write it into poetry.
Chen Ziang not only cares about politics, but also cares about society. He also profoundly exposed and castigated the social darkness, the indifference of the world, the intrigue between people and other ugly phenomena. For example, the tenth poem "Feeling Poetry":
Deep in the concept of meta-life, I am eager to eat. You said that if you eat together, the interests will be condensed.
It is easier to praise children, and glory is more deadlocked. Business light makes the world, and businessmen fight for knives and cones.
It's time to pick up cheese, and it's time for generations.
Chen Ziang wrote a very profound description of the mercenary and competitive world. At the end, he expressed his desire to escape from the world and live in seclusion, showing his world-weariness Geng Jieren was not tolerated by society and had to live in seclusion, which was the life tragedy of talents in feudal society.
Like Chen Ziang, it is inconceivable to closely combine poetry creation with social and political life and directly point the edge of criticism at major social phenomena, political issues and even the supreme ruler, even in the poems of poets such as the "Four Masters" who have been far away from court life. This new trend has opened up a new direction for the poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty to reflect social reality.
Second, in the pursuit of vigorous "character"
Vigorous style is Chen Ziang's aesthetic requirement for Qi Liang's poems, aiming at the weakness of elegant and delicate style. It requires poetry to be rich in content and highly emotional. This is well reflected in his poems, which show that he cares about the country and the people, saves the world and serves the country. For example, the thirty-fifth "Feeling Poetry":
I am your son, and I really love talents all my life. I think it's time to serve my country and draw my sword and fight Artemisia.
Dingling in Xichi was blocked, and Taiwan Province was in the north. Seeing thousands of miles in mountain climbing, homesickness is long.
Who said that disaster never dies and turns to dust?
In the first year of Wu Zetian's long live (AD 696), Chen Ziang followed Wu Yousi to conquer the Khitan, went deep into the fortress wall, climbed high and looked far, and his nostalgia came to life. This poem expresses Chen Ziang's lofty sentiments of "serving the country at the right time", as well as his worries and resentment of "turning to ashes", with generous feelings and heroic style. This is a masterpiece with great backbone. "Youzhou Tower" is an eternal swan song;
No one can see the ancient wisdom of the ancient king, only those wise men who can't see the afterlife can see it. I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fell down!
Lu Zang once said in Biography of Chen Ziang:
Zi Ang is sickly and grateful for loyalty, and often wants to fight hard to answer Shi Guo. Since officials are diligent and they are involved in military plans, they feel sorry for not seeing the danger. Another day, he made a suggestion, which was very incisive. Jian 'an refused, but he was appointed as an army sergeant. Ziang knows the difference, because he silences the following, but he is also a secretary. As a result of going to Yuji North Tower, I felt happy and Zhao Yan's past, and wrote several poems. But he cried and sang: Where were those lost times before me? Behind me, where are the future generations? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fell down! When people know everything.
This passage describes the background of writing this poem. Chen Ziang followed Wu Youyi to levy the Khitan and put forward some suggestions, which were not adopted. Seeing that his ambition to serve the country failed, he boarded the North Building of Yuji, sang generously and burst into tears, expressing the loneliness and sadness of the ancient sages. Chen Ziang used "before" and "after" to express a long sense of time. Expressing a broad sense of space with "the length of heaven and earth" It is in this vast and boundless background that Chen Ziang expressed his feelings and created a generous and independent self-image. This poem has vigorous language, lofty artistic conception, deep feelings and strong artistic appeal.
His farewell poems are also written with high style and vigorous personality, such as "Send David to the Army":
The Huns are still alive and Jiang Wei rejoined the army. No, no, three rivers, chasing six counties.
When the wild goose mountain crosses the north, it meets the clouds alone. Don't do it, do it alone.
Although this is a farewell poem, it does not fall into a sentimental pattern, but focuses on the overall situation and encourages the other party to make contributions to the battlefield. The first couplet compares the doctors of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period to an army expedition, and encourages the expedition participants with Huo Qubing, saying that the Huns are not extinct, and there is no home for them. The couplets bid farewell to the topic, saying that Wei Daying would follow Zhao Chongguo, the head of six counties, and "aspire to seek the country". Couplets record the places where they lived. At the end of the League, Wei Daying was encouraged to follow the example of Dou Chong, a famous Han Dynasty soldier, who carved stone and made meritorious deeds. This is a relatively mature five-character poem with loud first verse, appropriate allusions, high style and vigorous poetic style.
In "Expedition to Answer Courtiers", Chen Ziang showed heroic feelings:
Life is full of white clouds, and I am tired and ashamed. The king was spoiled. He joined the army.
The rope is tied. Did you take the credit alone? What will solitary sword do? Long rumors stuck in the wind.
Dedicated to serving the country, making contributions to the frontier fortress, full of the spirit of striving for progress, the whole poem is full of heroic feelings and heroism, making people feel like drums and mountains and rivers. In addition, Farewell to the Fortress, Sending Works to Zuo Lang Cui Rong and Others to Expedite Liang Wang, and Rebuilding the Fortress for a General in Liu Mingfu are also very powerful.
Third, in advocating the "auspicious spirit"
Ji Xing means that poetry creation should be inspired by things, have feelings and have sustenance, which means that poetry works should have profound ideological consciousness. Chen Ziang has many masterpieces, such as the second poem "Feeling Poetry":
Lan Re was born in spring and summer, where is the prosperity! You are alone in the forest, and Zhu has purple stems.
It's getting late and the autumn wind is coming. Years old, China is teetering, but what is the significance of Fang?
The poet compared himself with Lan Ruo, and placed his own sense of life experience. The first four sentences strongly praise Lan Ruo's overwhelming charm, but they are actually writing about his elegant personality and extraordinary talent. The last four sentences are based on Lan Ruo's autumn falling, and the fragrance is not exhausted, which means that it is impossible to meet, so the achievements are not exhausted, which has a great feeling of beauty dying. The meaning of sustenance is profound. The 23rd poem of Feeling Poetry compares itself with the bluebird, implying self-pity:
Emerald nests in the South China Sea, male and female pearl forests. What do you know about beauty? Love is better than gold.
He was killed in Yanzhou and appointed Yu Tang as Yin. Beautiful jewelry, gorgeous and decadent brocade.
Isn't it far? Luo Yu suddenly saw the search. It's tiring to have multiple jobs. Let's have a rest for this rare bird.
The bluebird nesting in the three-bead tree in the South China Sea was unfortunately loved by the beauty, so it was killed. Chen Ziang's genius and virtue are different from others. Later, he was appreciated by Wuhou and ranked in the class, only to be jailed. Isn't what happened to the bluebird a portrayal of the poet? Jade bird's nest in the South China Sea is still being killed, even if it lives in seclusion in the mountains, it is difficult to survive. The whole poem ends with "believing more than expected", which reflects the poet's deep affection. Chen Ziang also has a poem "Zhuxiu Pian", the preface of which has always been valued by people, but this poem has attracted little attention. In fact, this poem has far-reaching significance, and it should be said that it can best reflect the prosperous spirit advocated by him.
Dragon seed was born in Nanyue, living alone in green. The peak is high and misty and rainy.
Smell the flying rats at night and the sounds of springs and valleys during the day. The spring breeze is fading and the Millennium is clear.
Sad sounds stir gold, and the color is purple as jade. Years old, bitter frost and snow, blue color.
Don't be tired and frozen, shame is more glorious than Haruki. Spring wood has a glorious rest, and this festival has no withering.
I hope to be loyal to the stone at the beginning and remain loyal to it at the end. Jing Linglun, learn from Feng Ming.
Then, I heard the clouds singing, and Zhang Le played nature. Wonderful music has changed a thousand times, and Xiao Shao is also 90%.
Believe in the beauty of sculpture and often want to be a fairy. Chi Cui is driving, Qiu is driving, and I am Luan Sheng.
Make friends with Taiwan Province Prize-winning women and sing to heaven. Hold hands during the day and play Chicheng in the distance.
Deep crane dance, intermittent colorful clouds. Walk forever with immortals and visit three mountains and jade wells.
The preface says: "I lament elegance and write a poem about bamboo cultivation." When I have a bosom friend, I will convey it. " It can be seen that this poem is pinned on something. In the first half of the poem, bamboo comes from a famous family and lives in an elegant environment, thus cultivating a loyal character that is not afraid of cold and evergreen all the year round. Chen Ziang was born in a rich family, and Ren Xia fought bravely. Lu Zangyong said that he was "grateful for loyalty and always wanted to fight hard to answer the people of the whole country." And praised him for "having children, the beads are round and beautiful." Without children, the mountain will collapse and the wood will break. "Chen Ziang people's pure and elegant character is very similar to the bamboo in the poem! In the second half, bamboo was cut down by Ling Lun, a musician of the Yellow Emperor, and carved into a flute to praise the gods, thus flying to the sky. Chen Ziang was appreciated by Wu Hou for his outstanding talent. Therefore, he hinted to his "confidant" that he hoped to be reused by the court and realize his political ideal. This poem has profound implications and is the masterpiece of "Ji Xing".
Of course, the main purpose of advocating "Xing Xing Spirit" is to emphasize that poetry should have profound ideological significance, feeling and expression, so that it can be entrusted, and it is not necessary to moan without illness, rather than adopting the method of "comparing happiness". Although some works do not use comparison, they also embody the spirit of communication. Such as Chen Ziang's "Yan Zhaowang":
Go south to Jieshi Museum and see Huang Jintai. The mountain is full of trees. Is Wang Zhao here? The map is gone now, and the horse has been driven back.
The poet boarded Jieshi Osaka and looked at the Huang Jintai built by Yan Zhaowang in those days, filled with emotion. In order to avenge Qi's death, a museum was built and a platform was set up to recruit all the wise men in the world. Nowadays, although there are relics, it is disappointing that "there are trees all over the mountain". Although this poem is useless, it clearly expresses the feeling that those in power suppress talents and make them unable to serve the country.
Chen Ziang's poetry has elegant tradition, vigorous spirit and vigorous character. Its basic spirit is that poetry should be closely linked with social life, with vigorous ideological strength and lofty and strong emotional strength. At that time, the poetic world was still influenced by the delicate poetic style, which really played a role in saving the nation from extinction. In this regard, later generations gave a very high evaluation. Li Yue: "The legacy of Chen Ji made the waves fall and the world changed suddenly." Hu Yinglin also said:
In the early Tang Dynasty, he inherited Liang Sui, opened Yayuan alone, and Zhang Zishou opened a light school. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, Chu Guangxi, Chang Jian and Wei all benefited from the lightness of Qujiang. Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling, Li Jie, Meng Yunqing, the books are quaint and arrogant. Ziang's Sense is an outstanding work in the early Tang Dynasty.
Therefore, Chen Ziang's poetic creation played a great role in the transformation of the poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty. His poetry theory and poetry creation also had a great influence on the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is a poet who made great achievements in the theory and practice of poetry innovation in the pre-Tang Dynasty. Du Fu praised him: "Talented people can inherit elegance, but philosophers can't." After the male gave birth to a horse, his name was linked with the sun and the moon. ..... eternal loyalty, "love" remains. ",highly affirmed his achievements in the development of Tang poetry, and also reflected the public opinion of poets in the Tang Dynasty. The realistic spirit that poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty cared about politics and people's livelihood sufferings also drew valuable spirit from him.
Fourth, the evaluation of Chen Ziang by later generations.
Chen Ziang's contribution to the poetry innovation in the early Tang Dynasty was highly praised by later generations. He took a clear-cut stand against the frivolous and frivolous style of Qi Liang's poetry, and advocated "style", "elegance and vulgarity" and "prosperity", which played a great role in reversing the shortcomings and bad atmosphere of narrow theme, poor content, flashy and frivolous poetry creation in the early Tang Dynasty, thus making Tang poetry embark on a close combination with social life, interfering in politics and fine manners. Chen Ziang's poetry creation is carried out under the guidance of his poetic innovation thought. Most of his poetry works are mainly emotional, with a wide range of themes, rich content, strong feelings and rich poetic style, which broadly and truly reflected the social and political life at that time, thus greatly opening up the field of poetic expression and becoming the pioneer of realistic poetry in Tang Dynasty. It is at this point that later generations gave a very high evaluation: "Tang Xing, the article inherited the disadvantages of Chen and Sui, and Zi Ang began to become elegant and upright, but it was unique and super fashionable ... carrying forward the past, being the mainstay, restraining the microwave of Zhenguan, decided the decency of Kaiyuan." .
However, there are obvious biases and shortcomings in his poetry creation. Although he advocated that poetry should have upright ideological strength, strong emotional strength and perfect artistic form, its purpose was to correct the floating poetic style of "gorgeous and complicated" and poor content, and to focus on expressing thoughts and feelings. So sometimes writing poetry is just to express some ideas, ignoring the requirements of poetry as a literary work for formal beauty, especially the pursuit of artistic conception and charm. Therefore, his poetry works are often better than words, gas is better than words, quality is better than words, tasteless, and lack of touching artistic power. Wang Fuzhi said that his "poetry of feeling" is "like reciting, like saying, like prison words, like charity, but it is no longer like poetry." Although it is a bit extreme, it also hits the nail on the head and cuts its disadvantages. There are indeed some abstract reasoning works similar to metaphysical poems in his sentimental poems, such as My View of Kunlun in the eighth and Exploring Yuan in the thirty-eighth. His poems are far less beautiful and delicate in artistic form than those of "Four Heroes", "Four Friends" and "Song Shen". Therefore, although later generations praised his role in the transformation of poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty, they did not evaluate his poetic works highly. There are not many works that really live in readers' minds, such as Youzhou Tower, which is far less than the "Four Masters" or even the "Song Shen" who was ridiculed for personality problem. In addition, almost all of Chen Ziang's poems are five-character poems, and most of them are ancient poems, which shows that he doesn't pay much attention to the creation of exquisite metrical poems, which also shows that he tends to ignore the formal beauty of poems.
In a word, Chen Ziang's poetic innovation thought played a great role in the transformation of poetic style in the early Tang Dynasty, and his poetic creation also made great achievements, but there were also serious biases and shortcomings. It should be said that this is a fair evaluation of Chen Ziang's poetic thought and creation.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
Although Shen, Song and the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty all reflected the new trend of the times in the development and transformation of Tang poetry, when Shen, Song and others were still wearing the coat of Qi Liang's romantic style and were endowed with an open and magnificent style of Tang poetry, they completely abandoned the old habits of Qi Liang and combined the wind of Han and Wei with the weather of the prosperous Tang Dynasty to become the pioneers of the atmosphere. As Ye Xie said, "A man who has never been a hero will come out with the wind, but his strength will turn to the wind." The fundamental reason why Chen Ziang is superior to his contemporaries is that he was educated by wind music, not by wind music. At that time, although his poetry creation was not taken seriously, or even "not listed among poets", his far-reaching influence of "fame hanging over the sun and the moon" was incomparable to other poets.
philology
1. Yuan Haowen's Collected Works of Mr. Yishan, Volume 11, Thirty Poems, Volume 8, Taipei: Taiwan Province Business, 1967.
2. Wang Fuzhi's Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty, Volume III, Collected Works of Mr. Jiang Zhai, Taipei: Business of Taiwan Province Province, 1965.
3. Wang Fuzhi's Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty, Volume III, Collected Works of Mr. Jiang Zhai, Taipei: Business of Taiwan Province Province, 1965.
4. Wang Shizhen's Poems of the Tang Dynasty? Preface to Taibei Dongbai Cottage: Commerce in Taiwan Province Province, 1965.
5. Wang Yunxi and Gu Yisheng, A General History of China Literary Criticism, Sui and Tang Volumes, Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books, 1996.
6. Du Fu's Du Gongbu Collection, Volume 7, "Chen Houju's Former Residence", Taipei: Students from Taiwan Province, 197 1.
7. Shen Deqian Tang Poetry, Taipei: Taiwanese businessmen, 1968.
8. Poems of Hu Yinglin, Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books, 1995.
9. Gao Bing's poems of Tang Dynasty? Description of five-character ancient poems, Shanghai: Shanghai ancient books, 1988.
10. Yang Shihong Tangyin: Taiwanese businessmen, 198 1.
1 1. Yang Jialuo's Chen Ziang Collection, Volume 1, Series 6 of China's Academic Masterpieces, Taipei: World Bookstore, 1964.
12. Ye Xie's Original Poems, Beijing: People's Literature, 1979.
13. Xiao Huarong's History of China's Poetry, Shanghai: East China Normal University, 1996.