Tang Zonghai (1846 ~ 1897), a native of Pengxian County, Sichuan Province, was one of the founders of the School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. Born in the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, he died in the 23rd year of Guangxu at the age of 52. He first attacked Confucianism because he was already quite famous in Sichuan before his death. Guangxu was a scholar during the reign of Emperor Guangxu. After middle age, he turned to study medicine and advocated learning from others' strengths. "Be good at the ancient times and not superstitious about the ancients, and learn from each other's strengths."
He is the author of five kinds of Chinese and Western medical works, such as Classic Essence of Chinese and Western Medicine, Supplement to Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Supplement to Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, Theory of Blood Syndrome and Question and Answer of Materia Medica. Among them, Theory of Blood Syndrome and Classic Essence of Chinese and Western Medicine are his main masterpieces.
Chinese name: Tang Zonghai
Alias: Tang Rongchuan
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Peng County, Sichuan Province
Date of birth: 1846
Date of death: 1897
Occupation: Chinese medicine
Representative works: Classic Essence of Chinese and Western Medicine, etc.
The life of the character
Tang Zonghai is a native of Sanyi Town, Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province. 16 years old, scholar. At the age of 23, he began to study medicine. At the age of 24, I wrote a book called "Medical Handle", and then "Medical Ability". 12 years, after many failed attempts to treat his father's blood syndrome, he began to devote himself to exploring blood syndrome. 1 1 years later, he wrote The Theory of Blood Syndrome, which collected the results of diagnosis and treatment of blood syndrome, and created an important method of stopping, eliminating, calming and tonifying. "Based on facts, there is evidence", which can be described as brilliant and original, and still has clinical significance. As soon as this book came out, it was "famous in three provinces" and "famous far and near". Guangxu 1 1 year, the year after The Theory of Blood Syndrome was published, Tang Zonghai was recruited at the age of 39, and later went to Jiangnan to study and became famous for his medical skills. Whenever he has doubts about this syndrome, he will be surprised. Guangxu 14 years, the first three scholars, the director of the ceremony department, was ordered to go to Beijing. After living in Shanghai, when western learning spread to the east, he realized that western medicine and Chinese medicine had their own strengths, and he advocated the combination of Chinese and western medicine to improve medical ethics. On the basis of China's ancient medical theory, he absorbed the knowledge of western medicine's anatomy and physiology, wrote two volumes of Essentials of Chinese and Western Medicine, which was published in Guangxu 18 (A.D. 1892) and became the pioneer of the combination of Chinese and Western medicine in China. When he visited Guangdong, two books, Questions and Answers of Materia Medica and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, came out one after another. In the 20th year of Guangxu (AD 1894), Supplement to Treatise on Febrile Diseases was published. The above four works, together with the theory of blood syndrome, have been compiled into a set of five Chinese and western medical series, which are published and sold at home and abroad. Medical names are widely circulated in zhina and Nanyang. In the 22nd year of Guangxu (A.D. 1896), the Qing court made him the guest magistrate of Guangxi. The following year, my mother-in-law went back to Sichuan to meet the epidemic in eastern Sichuan, went home sick and died at the age of 56. As a generation of famous doctors and an outstanding representative of early integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine in China, Tang Zonghai not only has excellent medical skills, but also has many medical writings. Besides Yi Tong Shuo, Liu Jingfang Zheng Tong Jie and Xie San Zi Jing, he is also famous for five Chinese and western medical books. His good friend Liu Guangdi (one of the "Six Gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898") praised him as "the living have wonderful skills" and he was included in the draft of Qing history.
Medical discourse
Tang Zonghai's exposition on the physiological function and operation of blood is based on yin and yang, fire and water, and qi and blood, and is explained from the relationship between qi and blood. He believes that yin and yang are the foundation of all things, within people. The specific meaning of yin and yang is fire, water, qi and blood. Qi is born of blood, and blood is born of qi, and it is born of yin and blood. The relationship among fire, water, qi and blood emphasizes interdependence and mutual maintenance. Therefore, when treating the pathological changes of qi, blood, fire and water, Tang advocated treating blood, regulating qi and harmonizing yin and yang. The coordination of qi and blood and between fire and water still depends on spleen and soil. He believes that although the qi of the human body originates from the kidney, it needs to be lost to the kidney through the delicate Shui Gu of the spleen and stomach, and then it can be turned into qi and turbid into clear. As for the pathogenesis of blood syndrome, he thinks that there are two common blood syndromes: one is blood extravasation, such as vomiting blood, coughing up blood, epistaxis and vomiting blood, and the other is various blood stasis and hematocele. The occurrence of blood syndrome is closely related to zang-fu organs, and also related to the movement of qi, fiery heat and blood stasis. Specifically, besides the dysfunction of zang-fu organs, we should also pay attention to the following three aspects. In one case, the circulation of qi blocks the reverse, and the blood follows the pneumatic movement, which is more bloody. The two were hot and fierce, and their blood was boiling. Blood stasis blocking collaterals and blood disorder. Therefore, Tang's discussion on the pathogenesis of blood syndrome attaches importance to viscera and grasps the relationship between qi stagnation and blood stasis and fiery heat. In the pathogenesis of viscera, besides combining qi stagnation, qi reverse, blood stasis and fiery heat, we also attach importance to qi deficiency, which makes the pathogenesis of blood syndrome very appropriate and lays the foundation for the correct treatment of diseases.
He thinks it is very important to judge the priority of blood syndrome and predict good and evil. The key to the survival of blood syndrome mainly lies in whether the qi machine runs normally. Generally speaking, people who vomit blood without fever can recover easily. Vomiting blood without coughing is easy to recover. Patients with blood syndrome, poor stool, still improved. Drugs that nourish yin can be used to nourish yin and match yang. If the stool is thin, the temper is depressed, and there is no column in the middle stream, then the fire will cause blood to go up, and the gas will go down, and the more it goes up, the lower it will be, and its critical degree can be seen. In addition, patients with blood syndrome are easy to treat because of less pulse condition, so it should be used to tonify Shang Ping. If the pulse number is difficult to treat, the qi is too sick. If the pulse condition is excessive and rootless, it is yang deficiency. If the pulse is heavy and fine, it is a loss of true yin, which is difficult to treat. If there is a slight delay, it can be restored. If there is no slow image, or algebra, it becomes an incurable death certificate. These pulse conditions all reflect the injury of yin and blood, while yang has gone and never returned, so it is difficult to treat. If the yin blood is injured, the yang will not float up and the pulse will be weak, but it is not difficult to treat. But with the warming, there is no rebirth. In a word, those with yang deficiency and qi deficiency are treated by Shang Yi, while those with yin deficiency and qi deficiency are difficult to treat. Because of blood injury, qi does not hurt, that is, qi does not hurt, but it is known that its blood is not completely damaged, so qi is still attached to it, and its disease is easy to recover.
Four principles of blood syndrome treatment
Through the treatment of various blood syndromes, Tang explored four principles for treating blood syndromes, namely, "stopping bleeding", "removing blood stasis", "calming blood" and "replenishing blood". In case of sudden bleeding, the bleeding should be stopped first during treatment. Otherwise, blood will overflow, leading to blood degassing and consumption, resulting in adverse consequences. After the blood of patients with blood syndrome stops, there must be menstrual blood that is not excreted, which will remain in the human body and form blood stasis. The stagnation of blood stasis has become an important factor in human diseases. Or fever due to stagnation, or tuberculosis, or scabbing, or blood stasis and tingling, and so on. It can also cause many other syndromes due to blood stasis, and even make new blood not work normally and bleed again. In order to avoid these complications, Tang advocated stopping bleeding first and then removing blood stasis, so removing blood stasis was regarded as the second method to treat blood syndrome. After the blood stasis stops, in a few days or dozens of days, in order to prevent the blood from moving again, it is necessary to choose the prescription of calming blood, so calming blood medicine is regarded as the third method to treat blood syndrome. Patients with blood syndrome will suffer from blood deficiency after bleeding. Blood deficiency is yin deficiency, yin deficiency is yang defense, yin deficiency has no yang attachment, and blood deficiency has no qi branch, which can also lead to losses. Therefore, in the late stage of blood syndrome, the blood stopped without congestion, and after applying the method of calming blood, it was not afraid of bleeding again, but left the deficiency of vital qi. Tang advocated that the method of enriching blood should be used at this time.
Academic theoretical value
Tang Zonghai is quite unique in academics. On the one hand, he attached great importance to the study of classic works of traditional Chinese medicine and made great achievements in deeply discussing blood syndrome. On the other hand, due to the introduction of western medicine at that time, he tried to explain Chinese medicine with the theory of western medicine and integrate the theory of Chinese and western medicine. Although limited by historical conditions and scientific level, he has made no achievements, but his ideas of innovation and development are valuable. His experience and principles in treating blood syndrome are still of great practical value.
Being a good doctor is better than being a good doctor.
Tang Zonghai is famous firstly because he was the first doctor in modern China who put forward the slogan of "integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine", and secondly because of his theory of blood syndrome. In fact, what is more distinctive is that he broke the traditional generation mode of Confucian doctors in past dynasties-"I don't want to be a Confucian general, so I study medicine." He is a great doctor since Ming and Qing Dynasties, and he is also the only one who has been admitted to Jinshi. Jinshi is the most prestigious in the imperial examination. According to the system of Qing dynasty, if a scholar passed the imperial examination, he would be given an official position as soon as he passed the examination, and the rest would be given an official position after three years of study. In short, it is the end of fame and career security. It's really rare for a person to be an official after winning the Jinshi. His peers, such as Chen, Qiu, Wang and others, all have prominent official careers.
Tang Zonghai (1846- 1897) is a native of Sanyi Town, Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province. 16 years old, scholar. At the age of 23, he began to study medicine. At the age of 24, I wrote a book called "Medical Handle", and then "Medical Ability". 12 years, after many failed attempts to treat his father's blood syndrome, he began to devote himself to exploring blood syndrome. 1 1 years later, he wrote The Theory of Blood Syndrome, which collected the results of diagnosis and treatment of blood syndrome, and created an important method of stopping, eliminating, calming and tonifying. "Based on facts, there is evidence", which can be described as brilliant and original, and still has clinical significance. As soon as this book came out, it was "famous in three provinces" and "famous far and near". Guangxu 1 1 year, the second year after The Theory of Blood Syndrome was published, Tang Zonghai was recruited at the age of 39 and went to study in Jiangnan. His medical skills are very famous in Shanghai. The voice of doubt surprised everyone, and Guangxu 15 (1889) ranked in the top three. Later, he traveled back and forth between Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, and his medical name became more and more famous. He wrote books and established the School of Chinese and Western Convergence. 5 1 year-old, awarded Laibin magistrate of a county, and later died in western Sichuan.
Tang Zonghai was unlucky all his life, and his father, wife and mother all died of illness. His father and wife died young, which inspired his determination to save lives. He thinks that in troubled times, the officialdom is extremely corrupt, and being an official is more practical than decocting medicine to save people. Therefore, he devoted himself to Huang Qi, which coincided with the spread of western learning to the east. At that time, most Chinese medicine practitioners were at a loss. Tang Zonghai put forward that "it is better to treat people than to treat them" and wrote a lot of medical articles with great foresight. He published more than 200 articles in Medical Herald, sponsored by Lu Runxiang, Zhejiang Province (No.1 scholar in Tongzhi period). After that, he wrote five kinds of Chinese and western medicine books and created Huitong. It is advocated that Chinese and western medicine learn from each other's strengths, "there is no territorial similarity and difference, but the compromise is the same", "learn from each other's shortcomings and use each other's strengths; Use my long and short covers.
Tang's insight made him the only doctor in Sichuan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties who was circulated in the official history. However, the Qing draft did not contain its details, and his life was extremely ambiguous, which is regrettable. He is also good at poetry and painting. A few years ago, he saw a landscape fan, which was ancient and simple. His poems are particularly impressive:
A glimpse of the mountains and rivers in the north and south,
How about the high valley in your chest?
_ If the stone supports the liver and lungs,
Open and aboveboard, take off four subjects.
I really know about plants,
There are many dry and clean air services.
When the clouds come out, it will be sunny.
Don't be an old Shirley.
-Pursuing the principle of respecting the elderly and being a guest in Sichuan, Tang Zonghai.
This is Mr. Yung Chuan's true portrayal of life in troubled times, his compassion for others and his salvation to heaven.
Pioneer of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine