1. "Mai Jing"
The "Mai Jing" consists of ten volumes and ninety-seven chapters, compiled by Wang Shuhe of the Western Jin Dynasty. This is the first existing special book on pulseology in the history of medicine in my country, and is a summary of the knowledge on pulseology in my country before the third century AD. The opening chapter of "Mai Jing" clearly points out that "the pulse is subtle and its body is difficult to distinguish" and "it is easy to understand in the mind, but only clear when pointed out". "Mai Jing" is compiled and summarized based on these difficulties.
Although "Mai Jing" is a work that synthesizes the achievements of previous generations of pulse studies, it plays a very important role in the history of the development of medicine in my country because of its concise, concentrated length and ease of learning, both at home and abroad. The impact is huge. For example, the Imperial Medical Office of the Tang Dynasty made it a compulsory course, and Japan's ancient medical education was modeled after the Tang Dynasty. Of course, it is no exception. After the book was written, it was gradually spread to the Tibetan area of ??my country and had a significant impact on related disciplines of Tibetan medicine. Through here, Chinese pulse theory was introduced to India and then to Arab countries, which also had an impact on the development of Western European pulse theory. For example: A Persian medical encyclopedia "Il-Khan's Treasures of Chinese Science" compiled by Ra. A. Alhamdan (1247-1318) in ancient Persia (Iran) (13th century to early 14th century) Wang Shuhe's name is included in this book, and its content on pulse theory is similar to that of "Mai Jing". The Medieval Arab medical saint Avicenna (980-1037)'s "Medical Code" contains similar contents on pulse theory, which shows the profound influence of "Pulse Classic" on the history of medical development at home and abroad.
The "Old Tang Book" contains two volumes of "Mai Jing", but by the early Song Dynasty, this book was on the verge of oblivion. When Song Linyi and others were correcting medical books, they discovered this book and deleted and filled in the gaps. The earlier version that survives today is the Guangqin Shutang engraving in the third year of Tianli. From the Ming and Qing dynasties to modern times, there were dozens of various engravings, typesetting editions, etc. Among them, the Qingshou Shange series of books is more influential. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were printed copies from the Commercial Press and photocopies from the People's Medical Publishing House, Shanghai Health Publishing House, and Shanghai Science and Technology Press.
2. "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Classics A and B"
The full name is sometimes also called "Yellow Emperor A and B Jing" ("Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi"), "Yellow Emperor's Three Acupuncture Classics" ("Yellow Emperor's Three Acupuncture Classics") New Tang Book, Yi Wen Zhi, etc.), now generally known as "Acupuncture Jia Yi Jing". Each book contains a different number of volumes, but the current volume mostly uses the twelve volumes mentioned in its preface.
The current "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Jia and B Jing" has twelve volumes and 128 chapters. The essence of the relevant parts of the three books "Moxibustion Treatment Essentials" has been compiled and reorganized into Volumes 1 to 6, which describe the physiological functions of the human body in sequence, including the internal organs, qi and blood, spirit and soul. The relationship between essence, qi, body fluids and the functions of the five senses of the limbs and internal organs, etc.; secondly, the circulation route of the meridians, tendons and other meridian systems of the human body, the bones and intestines, and the effects of the intestines and stomach; thirdly, the Shu points of the human body, and their locations are described according to body parts. , the main treatment, the book describes 348 Shu points (including 49 single points; 299 double points) rather than the 365 points as stated. These points are based on the head, face, neck, chest, abdomen, arms, thighs, etc. The parts are arranged; it is easy to find and check. Each point has the depth of acupuncture and the number of moxibustion burns. The diagnosis method is described again, especially the content of pulse diagnosis. Then the needle path is introduced. Acupuncture taboos, including forbidden points; finally, some pathological and physiological issues are introduced, and explained based on the theory of yin and yang and the five elements.
The clinical part is also six volumes, including internal medicine (including typhoid and fever, Acupuncture treatment for strokes, miscellaneous diseases), facial features, gynecology, pediatrics and other diseases, including 43 articles on internal medicine, including external diseases and six exogenous diseases, internal injuries and seven emotions, diseases of the five internal organs, diseases of the six internal organs, diseases of the meridians and diseases of the five senses, etc., and three articles on surgery This chapter mainly discusses carbuncle. As for gynecology and pediatrics, there is one chapter each discussing 20 and 10 diseases in this department.
The writing of "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Classics A and B" played a great role in the development of acupuncture in my country. It has a great promotion effect. In the Song and 6th to 8th centuries AD, teaching in China, Korea, and Japan was all required courses for teaching students. Important acupuncture works in the Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties are basically in this book. The English translation of this book has already been published abroad, and it has also had an important influence on the development of acupuncture abroad.
3. "Elbow Preparation"
The original name of this book is " "Rescuing Soldiers Behind the Elbow", a three-volume volume, was written by Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The current eight volumes of "Emergency Prescriptions behind the Elbow" mainly cover simple treatments for some common diseases, including oral prescriptions, external applications, and massage. There are some very practical contents such as massage, moxibustion, bone setting, etc. Although this book is titled "Behind the Elbow", it contains quite a lot of valuable medical historical materials and practical prescriptions and methods. It also contains many important inventions and discoveries in the history of medicine, which are very important for today's medicine. The medical practice has an important enlightenment effect.
The "sore" he described is smallpox, which was introduced from the outside and is not inherent in our country.
The book has important medical historical value. It also mentions various infectious diseases such as shegong, sand louse, and glanders. Commentators believe that the so-called shegong is a description of a kind of schistosomiasis, while sand louse describes scrub typhus, and some people think it is schistosomiasis. What's more valuable is that the book also points out that the sand louse burrows into the skin.
If you use a needle to pick out bugs, it's just like scabies, which only move when the claws are exposed to light. This proves that scabies was already known at that time. It uses the size and detection method of scabies to describe sand lice, which is very appropriate. In short, the book "Emergency Prescriptions" gives a detailed description of several ancient infectious diseases and occupies an important position in the history of world infectious diseases.
There is a special section in "Emergency Prescription" that discusses the treatment of "venomous bites from raccoon dogs". The book first recognizes the seriousness of rabies (also known as rabies) bites and points out its latent nature and course of the disease. About twenty methods have been proposed to treat rabies, including the method of "still killing the biting dog, taking the brain and treating it, so that it will not recur." The valuable thing about this method is that it uses the brain tissue of the rabid dog to apply to the wound to prevent the onset of rabies. It is a budding idea of ??immunotherapy. Rabies virus is originally a neurotropic virus that multiplies in large numbers in the brain tissue of rabies dogs. If the use of this tissue to treat rabies was proposed under the influence of the idea of ??"fighting fire with fire", it is also in line with the basic principles of modern immunotherapy.
Although "Emergency Prescriptions" are all simple and easy-to-obtain treatment methods, this work and the treatment ideas it promotes seem to be inconsistent with the orthodox "dialectical treatment" idea. Because of the lack of coordination, some "orthodox" doctors of later generations consider it to be of little importance or even unworthy of mention, and cannot be promoted to a high level. However, it is these simple and accessible treatment methods and prescriptions that contain valuable essence and should be taken seriously. For example, when using Artemisia annua to treat malaria, "soak two liters of water, wring out the juice, and drink it all." This is also a precious conclusion gained from long-term experience. Modern research has proven that Artemisia annua contains artemisinin, which has a very obvious anti-malarial effect. It is a heat-labile chemical component. Therefore, although traditional Chinese medicine generally uses decoctions, Ge Hong emphasized that its juice should be taken raw. The isolation research of artemisinin led to an important discovery in the history of modern anti-malarial medicine (Research on Artemisia annua Anti-malarial, "Selected Papers of Thirty Years of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine", Traditional Chinese Medicine Ancient Books Press, 1985). Another example is the description of foot weakness in the book, which can be considered the earliest history of beriberi, especially the description of cardiac beriberi and the inclusion of sufficient vitamin B to treat beriberi.
4. "Bielu of Famous Doctors"
The original book has been lost for a long time, but its relevant contents can still be gleaned from later generations of "Daguan Materia Medica" and "Zhenghe Materia Medica". The content of Tao Hongjing's "Compendium of Materia Medica", 365 species are recorded by Tao Hongjing from "Bielu of Famous Doctors".
The number of medicines included in the original book of "Famous Doctors" should be more than 730, because this number was selected by Tao Hongjing when he compiled it into two independent works. At that time, some subjective medicines may have been abandoned. Medications that are considered unnecessary. Judging from the classification method of drugs, it is still the three-grade classification method of "Ben Cao Jing", that is, according to the therapeutic effect of the drug, it is roughly divided into upper, middle and lower grades. At the same time, under each grade, plants, minerals, Animal and other drugs are roughly classified.
For each medicine, this book contains its correct name, nature and flavor, indications, alias (or name), usage, dosage, drug form, origin, collection and processing method, seven emotions and fear of evil, etc. project. This is basically the same as the Materia Medica. In "Famous Doctors", some medicinal ingredients are followed by prescriptions, such as "dew honeycomb, combined with tangled hair, snake skin and burnt ashes, take the prescription of Cun Deng with wine, two days a day, to treat gangrene and bone abscesses." The roots are in the internal organs, and the joints are swollen, and the veins are swollen and all kinds of poisons are bad." This is the earliest method of appending prescriptions in Materia Medica works, creating a good and practical beginning for later generations of Materia Medica prescriptions. In addition, some of the main therapeutic effects of drugs recorded in "Famous Doctors" have exceeded those in "Ben Cao Jing", such as Gui can induce sweating, and Baibu root can relieve cough, etc., which are not found in "Ben Cao Jing", so this book is very useful for the study of Han Dynasty. Materia Medica in the Wei and Six Dynasties had important practical value.
5. "Compendium of Materia Medica"
Compiled by Liang Tao Hongjing, it is based on the contents of "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" and "Famous Doctors" with 365 types each, and a total of 730 types. It is also a major achievement in the history of herbal development in this period. There are two fragments of the "Compendium of Materia Medica", one is the fragment unearthed from the Dunhuang Grottoes, and the other is the fragment unearthed from Turpan.
There is only one remaining volume of the Dunhuang edition, which is the "Preface". The original volume is seventeen meters long and has writing on both sides. In 1908, the Japanese Kikuzuichao and Yoshikawa Koichiro were brought to Japan from Dunhuang when they were exploring Central Asia under the orders of Ryutani Mitsui. The front and a small part of the back of this volume are other documents. The back has 720 lines of preface to the "Compendium of Materia Medica", but the front volume is missing. According to the last two lines of the text, "On September 11, the sixth year of Kaiyuan, Yuchi Lulin wrote a volume of materia medica in Dudu. Chen Shi wrote a note." Luo Zhenyu believed that this text was different from the original calligraphy and thought it should be Works from the Six Dynasties. This fragment was photocopied by Qunlian Publishing House in 1955.
The fragment unearthed in Turpan is a 28.5 × 27 cm fragment. On the scroll there are only the full texts of bird excrement and sky rat excrement, and the annotation on the second half of the guinea egg, as well as the mole (rat spring). The front text should be part of the content of veterinary medicines in "Compendium of Materia Medica".
One of these two pieces is in Ryukoku University in Japan (one is said to be in the Museum of London, England), and the other is in the Prussian Academy in Germany.
6. "Liu Juanzi's Ghost Prescription"
"Liu Juanzi's Ghost Prescription" is said to be a surgical treatise left by Liu Juanzi in the late Jin Dynasty when he happened to meet "Huang Fugui" in the suburbs of Danyang. Monograph, also known as "The Legend of Immortals".
According to "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi", there are ten volumes, but the current version only has five volumes. Later, Liu Juanzi's descendants passed it down to the world and Gong Qingxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty passed it down. The original book was called "Carbuncle Prescriptions", which was edited by Gong Qingxuan and became the current version. "Liu Juanzi's Ghost Recipe".
Regarding the understanding of surgical carbuncle, after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the practice of stone medicine became more and more popular, and the incidence of carbuncle increased greatly. Objectively speaking, it is required to improve the understanding of carbuncle and improve its treatment. It was during this period that "Ghost Yi Prescription" appeared, which is basically a monograph on carbuncle syndrome. In addition, it also involves the treatment of sores, blood stasis, and trauma, including pain relief, hemostasis, removal of arrowheads, etc. The book contains more than 140 prescriptions, including 34 prescriptions for treating sores, injuries, and falls; syndrome differentiation of carbuncle It is particularly detailed and can be called the earliest existing monograph on external diseases such as carbuncle and gold sore in my country.
The book first clearly differentiates carbuncle and gangrene from the aspects of pathogenesis and symptoms. The identification of pus from carbuncle and gangrene is very precise. In addition to identifying whether pus has formed or not, the relationship between the location of the disease and the prognosis is also pointed out, indicating that the prognosis of systemic infection caused by severe carbuncle is serious.
"Ghost Yi Prescription" has a more detailed discussion on the treatment of external syndromes of carbuncle and stone hair poisoning. It provides syndrome differentiation treatment based on different conditions of carbuncle and proposes many detoxification treatment methods. For example, if you are poisoned by stalactites, the book says: "Blend the blood from the rooster's elbow and mix it with a cup of iron powder soup." Another example is the treatment of cinnabar hair. The book uses "half liang each of black lead, astragalus, fangfeng, and fulonggan, add one liter of water, fry it in half a teacup, drain it, and take it."
"Liu Juanzi's Ghost Prescription" represents the development level of surgery in our country during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The earliest extant version of this book is a Song Dynasty edition kept in the Beijing Library. Two fragments of this book were unearthed in Turpan, Xinjiang. There were also several engravings in the Qing Dynasty, and the People's Guard Publishing House published a photocopy of it in imitation of the Song engraving in 1956.
7. "Xiao Pin Fang"
"Xiao Pin Fang", also known as "Jing Fang Xiao Pin", is an important work of this period. The author, Chen Yanzhi, failed to pass the examination in his life. According to scholars' research, it was probably written during the Southern Song and Qi Dynasties in the second half of the fifth century AD.
The specific content of "Xiaopinfang" was lost in the Song Dynasty. In 1985, the fragments of this book were found in the Medical Department of the "Book Classification Catalog" of the Japanese Zunjingge Library. Its contents include the preface, general catalog and volumes. First, the possibility of restoring "Small Pin Fang" to its full glory has been greatly enhanced. According to the general catalog, there are twelve volumes in the whole book. In addition to the preface, the bibliography of the whole book, and the diary of the whole book, the contents are as follows: The first volume includes the method of combining medicines, 27 prescriptions for regulating the triple energizer, and the treatment of chest The second to fifth volumes contain prescriptions for treating eight types of diseases including paralysis. The sixth volume contains prescriptions for treating typhoid and warm-heat diseases. The seventh and eighth volumes respectively cover women’s diseases and minor diseases. The ninth volume contains prescriptions for treating various syndromes, the tenth volume contains prescriptions for surgical sores, ulcers, and injuries, the eleventh volume contains Materia Medica, and the twelfth volume contains key points for moxibustion.
"Xiao Pin Fang" is rich in content and can be described as a comprehensive encyclopedia before the Tang Dynasty. It had considerable influence at the time and was regarded as a classic work of the same significance as "Shanghan Lun". At the same time, it is also a guide book. It is said that "those who start learning to treat diseases at a young age should also study this "Essay" as a starting point." Because of this, before the book was lost, it had such a great influence that the Imperial Medical Office of the Tang Dynasty stipulated "Xiao Pin Fang" as a course for students to cultivate their minds. Later, Japan's "Dabao Ling" and "Yanxi Shi", which imitated the Tang system, attached great importance to using this book as a textbook and required a study time of up to 300 days. There are many original treatment methods in the many unknown articles cited in this book. For example, the simple yet scientific method of determining whether there is poisonous gas in a well tomb, as contained in Volume 10 of the book cited in "Waitai", is an effective measure to prevent poisoning. Another example is the "Prescription for Treating Self-Hanging" quoted in "Yixin Prescription". Its method is extremely detailed and has been developed compared to what was described in Zhang Zhongjing's "Jin Kui Yao Lue".
"Xiaopin Fang" has been lost since the end of the Song Dynasty. Its lost articles can be found in "Emergency Prescriptions", "Qian Jin Yao Prescriptions", "Waitai Mi Yao" and "The Origin of Various Diseases", which were added by later generations. "Hou Lun", in addition, Japan's "Yishin Fang" and North Korea's "Donguibo Kam" also contain some lost texts. Fragments of this book were discovered in Japan in modern times. The current lost edition was published by Tianjin Science and Technology Press in 1983.
Reference materials: Chinese Medical Research
Development of ancient medical works
AD 475-AD 265 (Warring States-Three Kingdoms)
《 The emergence of Huangdi Neijing is by no means accidental, but an inevitable result of the development of pre-Qin medicine. According to "Hanshu Yiwenzhi", there were seven schools of medical classics at that time, with a total of 216 volumes, but most of them have been lost, and the "Nei Jing" is the only one that survives. "Huangdi Neijing" includes two existing parts, "Suwen" and "Lingshu", and its writing period has always been controversial. It was not written by one person at a time. It was collected, organized and synthesized by many doctors from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties. Traditional Chinese medicine has two distinctive features, one is the holistic concept, and the other is syndrome differentiation and treatment. Both are fully reflected in the "Inner Canon", with the holistic concept being the most prominent.
The "Difficult Sutra", formerly known as "The Eighty-one Difficult Sutras of the Yellow Emperor", consists of three volumes (some are divided into five volumes). The author and the year of its completion are unknown. This book is compiled in the form of questions and answers to explain difficult problems. Eighty-one problems are discussed in total, so it is also called "Eighty-one Difficulties".
Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases was written by Zhang Zhongjing and was written in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Shortly after the publication of "Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases", the original work was lost due to the war. Later generations collected the parts about Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases respectively and compiled them into two books, namely "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber". "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" is one of the most influential works in the history of the development of medicine in my country. After it was written, it has been guiding the clinical practice of later generations of doctors.
AD 265-960 (Jin-Five Dynasties)
During this period, many doctors were engaged in the compilation and annotation of the "Nei Jing". The first person to carry out this work was Quan Yuanqi from Qi and Liang Dynasties. He annotated eight volumes of "Emperor Su Wen", and the book was titled "Su Wen Xun Jie". This book was lost in the Southern Song Dynasty.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Yang Shangshan classified, compiled and annotated the "Nei Jing" into thirty volumes of "Huangdi Nei Jing Tai Su", which is the earliest existing annotated version of the "Nei Jing".
The person who commented on "Suwen" had greater influence was Wang Bing in the mid-Tang Dynasty. It took him twelve years to complete the twenty-four volumes of "Annotations on Huangdi Suwen" in 762.
Wang Shuhe, the author of "Mai Jing", wrote it in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Both the "Nei Jing" and "Difficult Classic" have explanations on pulse diagnosis methods. Wang Shuhe collected information about pulse methods, collected opinions from various schools, and combined them with his own clinical experience to write ten volumes of "Mai Jing".
"Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases" was compiled by Chao Yuanfang and others in 610 AD. The book has 50 volumes, divided into 67 categories, and discusses 1,739 disease symptoms. The greatest contribution of this book lies in its extensive and detailed records of diseases and its understanding of the causes of diseases.
"Prescriptions for Saving Soldiers Behind the Elbow" was written by Ge Hong in the Jin Dynasty. He first wrote 100 volumes of "Jin Gui Prescriptions". Due to the large length and inconvenience of carrying, the emergency, common, concise and practical parts were included. , and the abstracts were compiled into three volumes of "Prescriptions for Saving Soldiers Behind the Elbow". There are currently 8 volumes of "Zhouhou Jiezu Prescription". The outstanding point in the book is the understanding of certain infectious diseases, which has reached a very high level.
"A Thousand Gold Prescriptions" and "A Thousand Gold Prescriptions" were written by Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty. Sun Simiao attached great importance to the medical ethics of doctors. Sun Simiao valued the valuable experience of his predecessors, but he was not rigid in respecting the ancients. He attached great importance to the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological and pediatric diseases. "Qian Jin Yao Prescription" first listed three volumes of women's prescriptions and two volumes of children's and infant prescriptions.
"The Secrets of Waitai" was written by Wang Tao of the Tang Dynasty. The book has 40 volumes and is divided into 1104 categories. It is another large-scale comprehensive medical book in the Tang Dynasty. The content includes today's diagnosis and treatment of internal medicine, external medicine, bone, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, infectious diseases, skin, facial features, animal diseases and other departments. This book is mainly composed of many Fangshu from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty. The arrangement of clinical subjects is relatively reasonable, with the latter discussed first and in order. It pays attention to acute infectious diseases, such as typhoid fever, febrile diseases, malaria, etc., and occupies a large space, indicating that it has considerable knowledge of infectious diseases.
"Acupuncture Jia Yi Jing" was written by Huangfu Mi of the Jin Dynasty and was written between 256 and 282. It is the earliest existing acupuncture book. The book is divided into 12 volumes and 128 chapters. The book describes the physiological and pathological changes of the human body, focuses on the total number of acupuncture points and the determination of their locations, introduces acupuncture operation methods in detail, and arranges various indications according to clinical needs. This book has a long-lasting influence, and other famous acupuncture works are basically based on this book. This book also spread abroad earlier.
"Liu Juanzi's Ghost Prescriptions" was written by Gong Qingxuan from the Southern Qi Dynasty. It was written between 475 and 502. It is the earliest extant surgical book. The main content covers sores, carbuncles, boils, scabies and other skin diseases, with more than 140 internal and external treatment prescriptions.
"The Immortal's Secret Recipe for Treating Injuries and Diagnosis" was written by Taoist Lin in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and was written around 841-846. This is the earliest extant traumatology book of great academic value in my country. It reflects that the level of treatment of orthopedic diseases during the Sui and Tang Dynasties was quite advanced. The book contains more than 40 prescriptions, laying a theoretical foundation for the use of medicine in traumatology.
AD 960-1368 (Song-Yuan)
"Taiping Shenghui Prescription" is one of the large-scale prescription books compiled by the Song Dynasty. It has 100 volumes, divided into 1,670 categories, and contains 16,834 prescriptions. It extensively collects prescriptions written before the Song Dynasty and folk prescriptions at that time, and is quite rich in content. Prescriptions, drugs, disease syndromes, and pathology are all discussed.
"Selected Prescriptions of Shenghui" was written in 1046. It was edited by He Xipeng by excerpting and editing the essential parts of "Taiping Shenghui Prescriptions". It has been used as a textbook for hundreds of years and had a great influence on the development of prescription medicine in later generations.
"Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau Prescription" was compiled by the Song Dynasty imperial physician Pei Zongyuan and others to revise the medical prescriptions collected by the official pharmacy and compiled it into "Heji Bureau Prescription". The whole book consists of 5 volumes, divided into 21 categories, and contains 297 poems. Later, the "Heji Bureau Prescription" was supplemented many times and its content became increasingly rich. In 1151, it was named "Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau Prescription" by Xu Hong and was issued nationwide, making it one of the earliest national pharmacy prescriptions in the world. "Taiping Huimin Hejiju Prescription" was published in 10 volumes, with 3 volumes of "Medication Guide" attached, divided into 14 categories including wind, typhoid, and qi, and contained 788 prescriptions.
"Shengji Zonglu": In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the government organized doctors to extensively collect prescription books and folk prescriptions from past dynasties, and it took 7 years (1111-1117) to compile this book. It has 200 volumes, 2 million words, divided into more than 60 categories, nearly 20,000 poems, and almost all the previous dynasties' poems are included.
"Jisheng Prescriptions" was written by Yan Yonghe in the Song Dynasty in 1253. It is a summary of Yan's more than 50 years of clinical experience. The book has 10 volumes, divided into 80 categories, and contains 400 prescriptions. The original book has been lost.
"Three Yin poles and One Disease Syndrome Prescriptions", written by Chen Yan in the Song Dynasty, has 15 volumes, divided into 180 categories, and contains more than 1,500 prescriptions. There are prescriptions and discussions, and the prescriptions are appended after the discussion to make it easy for readers to understand. He also made contributions to the dissemination of prescription medicine by discussing the cause and seeking treatment.
Liu Wansu of the Jin Dynasty wrote 2 volumes of "Su Wen Xuan Ji Original Disease Patterns", 15 volumes of "Xuan Ming Lun Prescriptions", 3 volumes of "Zhige Prescriptions for Febrile Diseases", and "Collection of the Heart Methods of Specimens of Typhoid Febrile Diseases" 2 volumes. The two books that are reliable and valuable include "Su Wen Xuan Ji Yuan Ji Shi" and "Xuan Ming Lun Prescription".
In the Jin Dynasty, Zhang Yuanyou wrote "The Origin of Medicine", "Pearl Sac", "Practical Medicinal Formulas for Zang-Fu Specimens", etc.
Zhang Congzheng of the Jin Dynasty wrote "Confucian Affairs".
Li Gao of the Jin Dynasty wrote "Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach", "Treatise on the Differentiation of Internal and External Injuries", and "The Secret Collection of the Lanshi".
Wang Hao of the Yuan Dynasty wrote "A Brief Example of Yin Syndrome", "Yi Lie Yuan Rong", "Decoction and Herbal Medicine", "This Matter is Hard to Know", etc.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Zhenheng wrote "Ge Zhi Yu Lun", "The Development of Prescriptions", "Supplementary Notes on the Derivatives of Materia Medica", "Diagnosis of Febrile Diseases", etc.
AD 1368-1840 (Ming-Qing Dynasty, before the Opium War)
"Compendium of Materia Medica" was compiled by Xu Yongcheng in 1384.
Compiled by Zhu So in 1406, "Compendium of Materia Medica for Relieving Famines" is not only a botanical work for medicine and food in my country in the early 15th century, but also a botanical atlas.
"Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" was compiled by Lan Mao around 1476.
"Compendium of Materia Medica" was compiled by Wang Lun in 1492.
Compendium of Materia Medica, written by Li Shizhen in 1578, has 52 volumes. Li Shizhen also wrote "Binhu Pulseology" and "Eight Meridians of Qijing".
"Principles of Syndrome and Treatment" written by Wang Kentang from 1602 to 1608. The whole book focuses on syndrome and treatment. Each syndrome is quoted from classics and combined with personal opinions. It is rich in content, clear in structure, consistent in argumentation, and relatively selective. Refined.
"Shou Shi Bao Yuan" was written in 1615 by Gong Tingxian, with 10 volumes.
"Surgery Zhengzong" was compiled by Chen Shigong in 1617. This book is mainly the author's summary of his surgical theory and experience. There are also several illustrations of surgical diseases in the book.
"On Plague" was written in 1642 by Wu Youxing. This book established the theory of "violent qi", put forward great insights into the causes of febrile diseases, and had unique insights into infectious diseases.
"On Warmth and Heat" is written by Ye Gui. The book summarizes the theory and experience of febrile disease, plays an important role in the development of febrile disease theory and connects the past with the future, laying the foundation for the formation of the theoretical system of febrile disease theory.
"Damp-heat Tiao Bian" is written by Xue Xue. This book briefly explains the causes, syndromes, development and changes of damp-heat diseases and their diagnosis and treatment rules in the form of articles. It also notes the author's own opinions. , which has made certain contributions to the development of febrile diseases.
"Compendium of Materia Medica" 1765-1802, written by Zhao Xuemin.
There are 921 kinds of medicines, 716 of which are not included in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" or are unknown.