Survey Project: Changes in Hometown
Survey location: Quanzhou City
Survey time: 2009
Investigator:
Survey objects: culture, living environment, characteristic industries, economy and development projects.
General situation of Quanzhou city
Quanzhou, located in the southeast of Fujian Province, is one of the three central cities in Fujian, ranking first in the province for 10 years in a row, and is the economic center of Fujian. Fuzhou and Putian, the provincial capitals in the north; Xiamen, the special economic zone in the south; Bao Dao, Taiwan Province Province in the east; Zhangzhou, Longyan and Sanming in the west. It has jurisdiction over four districts of Licheng, Fengze, Luojiang and Quangang, three county-level cities of Jinjiang, Shishi and Nan 'an, five counties of Hui 'an, Anxi, Yongchun, Dehua and Jinmen (to be unified), and Quanzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. The city's land area is115 square kilometers, and the city's population is 7.74 million (excluding kinmen county), with Han nationality accounting for 98.2% of the total population and ethnic minorities accounting for 1.8%. There are 48 ethnic minorities, mainly Hui, She, Miao and Mongolian. Quanzhou's scenery and people's feelings are simple, profound and unique. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism coexist and blend with each other. Minnan dialect is the main dialect and Mandarin is the common language. Quanzhou is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese and the main ancestral home of compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. At present, there are 6.24 million overseas Chinese living in Quanzhou and 700,000 compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao. In Taiwan Province Province, 44.8% of Han compatriots (about 9 million people) come from Quanzhou.
Quanzhou is surrounded by mountains, facing the sea, with rolling mountains, vertical and horizontal canyons and vertical and horizontal basins. There are 455 peaks above 1000 meters above sea level, which are mainly distributed in some mountainous areas of Dehua, Yongchun, Anxi and Nan 'an. The Daiyun Mountain Range extends from northeast to southwest, with the main peak at an altitude of1856m, and is known as the "roof of central Fujian". The territory is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with a transition from Zhongshan and low mountains to coastal hills and basin plains. Quanzhou coastline is tortuous, mostly bedrock coast, with a total length of about 42 1km. It has four harbors, namely Meizhou Bay, Quanzhou Bay, shenhu bay and Weitou Bay, and 14 ports, such as Xiaocuo, Chongwu, Houzhu, Meilin and Shijing. The whole state covers two subtropics in south-central China, namely, the warm evergreen broad-leaved forest belt in the northwest of Daiyun Mountain and the subtropical rain forest belt in the southeast which is hot and humid all the year round and short-term dry. Quanzhou has abundant rainfall all the year round, and there are as many as 35 streams in the territory, with a total length of 1620 km, which is quite rich in water resources. Quanzhou has high total solar radiation, long sunshine time, abundant light and heat resources and abundant rainfall, which is called "the hotbed of southern Fujian", which is extremely beneficial to the development of agricultural production, especially cash crops such as sugar, oil, hemp, forest, fruit and tea, and is the national production base of oolong tea, longan and citrus. There are nearly 100 species of main economic fish, and there are more than 20 species with high yield. Shallow beach area1180,000 mu. It is rich in shellfish and algae, such as oysters, clams, snails, kelp and seaweed. There are mainly more than 20 kinds of iron, manganese, gold, coal, quartz sand, granite, kaolin, geothermal and mineral water.
Quanzhou is one of the first 24 famous historical and cultural cities in the State Council, and is known as "Zou Lu by the sea". Here is rich in historical and cultural accumulation, dotted with places of interest and historical sites, and the treasures of cultural relics attract worldwide attention. National cultural relics protection units 14, 40 provincial units. Quanzhou was "the largest port in the East" in ancient times. The starting point of "Maritime Silk Road" is the coexistence of many religions and the intersection of eastern and western cultures, especially Buddhism, Taoism and Manichaeism. Many religious relics constitute a unique cultural landscape with historical and artistic value. Specialty products include Dehua porcelain, Hui 'an stone carving, puppet head, Lao Fan Wan Zhiying Divine Comedy, silk lantern, Qingyuan tea cake, Anxi oolong tea, Yongchun aged vinegar, Yongchun paper weaving painting and so on. Quanzhou is the English name of Quanzhou.
Geogeography
Quanzhou is surrounded by mountains and faces the sea. Quanzhou Fengze Street has hills, valleys and basins. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Mountain area100000 mu, cultivated land 2170000 mu. Mountain hills account for four-fifths of the total land area, commonly known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". The sea area is 7864 square kilometers, the coastline is 42 1 km, and there are 14 harbors and 208 islands. There are many excellent deep-water ports, and more than 10,000-ton deep-water berths can be built 123. Xiaocuo Port and Douwei Port on the south bank of Meizhou Bay are one of the few natural ports in the world, and they are also rare in China. Quanzhou has a subtropical maritime monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 19.5℃ ~ 2 1℃. It is warm and humid all year round, and the four seasons are like spring. The ancient poem says that Quanzhou "has flowers in four seasons, but listens to thunder in a winter without snow", so Quanzhou has the elegant name of "Wenling".
natural resource
The city's forest stock is 6.5438+0.833 million cubic meters, the total surface water is 8.76 billion cubic meters, and the hydropower resources available for development are 430,000 kilowatts. The main mineral resources are kaolin, granite, diabase, quartz sand, limestone, coal, iron, manganese, geothermal and mineral water. Rich in aquatic resources, the operational marine fishery covers an area of more than 5,000 square kilometers, and the exploitable area is 1 18 square kilometers. There are more than 500 kinds of main aquatic organisms, nearly 100 kinds of main economic fish, and more than 200 kinds of shellfish and algae such as oysters, meretrix meretrix, snails, kelp and laver.
history
Quanzhou has a long history and started its economic development as early as the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. In the third year of Wu Yong 'an in the Three Kingdoms (260), Dongan County was established in Fengzhou Town of Nan 'an City, and Nan 'an County was established in Southern Chaoliang Prison (502 ~ 5 19), which was the beginning of local county governance. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a war in the Central Plains, and many gentry in the Central Plains entered the spring and lived along the river, hence the name Jinjiang. They brought advanced production technology and cultural knowledge, which enabled banks in Jinjiang to develop rapidly. With the development of economy and the reform of political system, the organizational system of administrative divisions has changed several times. In the year of Tang Jiuyuan (700), Wu Rongfu was established, and this city was under the jurisdiction of the state. In the second year of Tang Jingyun (7 1 1), Wurong Prefecture was renamed Quanzhou. Since then, there have been counties, prefectures, prefectures and prefectures. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), administrative inspection areas, special areas and regions were set up, and Jinjiang area was set as Quanzhou prefecture-level city in 1986 and 65438+ 10.