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2. About 50 words about the shape of chopsticks. I am a pair of chopsticks with simple structure. I was born in ancient China, and I am honored to be called "the fifth great invention of China".
Since I took root in China, after a long period of development, our chopsticks family has become very large, with many sisters. There are bamboo, wood, plastic, ivory, gold, silver and so on. Usually our height is about 25 cm, the lower end is round and the upper end is square, which looks symmetrical and lovely.
Without me, people can hardly eat because I am their tool. Before eating, people will gently take me out of the chopsticks pocket and put me on the table, and use me directly when the food is ready; After eating, they will clean me up, wash me clean and send me back to my chopsticks pocket. This goes on and on until we are "old-fashioned" and finally "dead".
3. The shape of chopsticks is solved with gossip knowledge.
Chopsticks are straight and long. Two chopsticks are a pair. Holding food with chopsticks is not two simultaneous movements, but one is active and the other is passive; One is above and the other is below. Two chopsticks together become Artest ruler, the active one is Yang and the passive one is Yin; The top is Yang, and the bottom is Yin. This is an image of two instruments. Yin-yang interaction can be adopted; The separation of yin and yang, this Tai Chi does not exist. This is the unity of opposites, and yin and yang are mutually rooted. Two chopsticks are interchangeable, the moving one is not always moving, and the next one is not always in the next one. This is yin-yang variability.
Look at chopsticks. One end is square and the other is round. The square symbolizes the earth, and the circle symbolizes the sky. The square is Kun Gua, and the round is Gan Gua, so the image of Gan Kun appeared. Kungua has the meaning of handle, handle and handle; Dry divination symbolizes the sky and the first. As the saying goes, food is the most important thing for the people, which probably comes from this. Holding the handle of chopsticks, holding food with the head of chopsticks, Kun is on the top and dry on the bottom. This is Tai's divination, which is smooth and auspicious. Holding the chopstick head in hand, holding the food with the chopstick handle, and making the Kun on the top, this is the six-No (pǐ) of heaven and earth, no, it is a block. Isn't this ridiculous?
When using chopsticks, chopsticks naturally divide our five fingers into three parts, with thumb and forefinger on top, ring finger and little finger on the bottom and middle finger in the middle. In this way, the image of three talents of heaven and earth has been realized, and the way of three talents of heaven and earth exists in China.
The ring finger and the little finger symbolize the tunnel. The ring finger and the little finger are weak and are in the next position. They must depend on each other and symbolize the broad masses of the people. They must respect and care for each other, support each other, respond with one voice and seek the same spirit. It symbolizes that it is difficult to be alone in dealing with people, and it is difficult to succeed without assistance.
Thumb and forefinger symbolize heaven on earth. Among the five fingers, the index finger is the most important, the flexion and extension are the most skillful, and the direction is the best. It symbolizes officials and chiefs, giving orders and dominating the interests of others, but acting rashly and finally causing great disasters, which can only be achieved by thumb control. What does the thumb symbolize? Symbolizing supervision, symbolizing law, symbolizing people's hearts and symbolizing the laws of nature ... This is said from different levels and cannot be ignored. Finger dexterity, thumb awkwardness, dexterity in use, and clumsy restriction. Therefore, heaven is still changing, but it can't be changed randomly. Heaven goes hiking, and heaven says nothing.
Among the five fingers, the middle finger is the longest, which is in the position of human beings, symbolizing that human beings are the main body and the spirit of all things is long. But living in an awkward position between two chopsticks symbolizes middle-level leaders, with public grievances and official prestige; It symbolizes that people reach middle age, they should be filial when they go to high school, and they need milk when they are weak ... in a word: it is difficult to be a man! But only doing is the longest. Middle age is not easy, but it is the most brilliant.
Chopsticks are very simple, just two, you can see them everywhere. This is simplicity. Chopsticks are also diverse, with wood and bamboo, gold and silver, and the varieties of chopsticks are easy. Although chopsticks have changed a lot, they are straight and long, and the situation that two chopsticks are a pair has never changed. This is the essential attribute of things that are not easy. Simplicity, change and difficulty are the three principles of the Book of Changes. For example, it is very simple for a person to be represented by only one name; But his appearance, fate, mood ... are always changing, and this is change; But he, whether male or female, has secular desires, and it is not easy to be born and die. By extension, this is not the case.
Yijing and chopsticks
Yi Dao contains everything, Tai Chi Yin and Yang can be divided infinitely, and its big is nothing but its small is nothing. Yi Li is a human being, just around us. It may be beneficial to talk with chopsticks, but "people use it for daily use without knowing it".
Yi Gua explains that food is the sky: two chopsticks, two innate hexagrams are exchanged. Exchange, for mouth, for eating. Chopsticks are straight and long, and they are a six-pointed star. Xun, for the wood, for the introduction. Together, it means eating with chopsticks. What's in the entrance? Round-headed chopsticks are used for divination and heaven. Isn't it "heaven" to eat like this? Therefore, it is believed that "food is the most important thing for the people" comes from here.
4. How to describe the shape of chopsticks with the word 100 ~ This is the topic of foreign teachers. I also think that chopsticks are straight and long, and two are a pair.
Holding food with chopsticks is not two simultaneous movements, but one is active and the other is passive; One is above and the other is below. Two chopsticks together become Artest ruler, the active one is Yang and the passive one is Yin; The top is Yang, and the bottom is Yin. This is an image of two instruments.
Yin-yang interaction can be adopted; The separation of yin and yang, this Tai Chi does not exist. This is the unity of opposites, and yin and yang are mutually rooted.
Two chopsticks are interchangeable, the moving one is not always moving, and the next one is not always in the next one. This is yin-yang variability. Look at chopsticks. One end is square and the other is round.
The square symbolizes the earth, and the circle symbolizes the sky. The square is Kun Gua, and the round is Gan Gua, so the image of Gan Kun appeared.
Kungua has the meaning of handle, handle and handle; Dry divination symbolizes the sky and the first. As the saying goes, food is the most important thing for the people, which probably comes from this.
It is said that the length of chopsticks is standard, that is, seven feet six inches, which shows that people have secular desires. People have emotions and desires, but they should learn to be temperate, including when eating. Emotion also means that people and animals are different, so that there are folk records in the Ming Dynasty. It's only the first time people see foreigners eating without chopsticks, and they look at them like animals.
Chopsticks are round at one end and square at the other. The circle symbolizes the sky, and the square symbolizes the place where the sky is round. When using chopsticks, the thumb index finger is on the top, the ring finger little finger is on the bottom and the middle finger is in the middle, which is the image of "heaven and earth". These are the most primitive world views of the ancients.
Chopsticks are still paired, which is also in line with the concept of Yin and Yang observed by China people. Single for yin, double for yang, using chopsticks is a combination of yin and yang, which means perfection. Therefore, China people define the quantifier of chopsticks as "a pair". This is what westerners can't understand. There is a joke that if you ask a waiter to "get a pair of chopsticks" in a restaurant, it must be from China. And if you say "holding two chopsticks", it must be a foreigner.
6. Chopsticks have several shapes. Chopsticks were called chopsticks in ancient times. The ancient book Han Feizi Yu Lao said: "The past is like chopsticks, and Ji Zi is miserable."
Zhou Wang was the monarch at the end of Shang Dynasty, which shows that chopsticks made of ivory appeared in China as early as 1 1 century BC. In other words, the recorded history of using chopsticks in China has exceeded 3,000 years.
According to the literature, it should be the earliest invention in Shang Dynasty. However, archaeology provides some evidence, which should be said to prove that chopsticks existed in the Shang Dynasty, but it can still be used as a premise.
Because a copper chopstick head was unearthed in a big tomb in Yin Ruins. It's just a sleeve, made of copper. Then attach a wooden pole to make a complete chopstick.
Of course, when it is unearthed now, the wooden pole has decayed. The earliest chopsticks should be relatively simple, and later there were copper, gold and silver, and even jade, but bamboo and wood were widely used.
We now find that the earliest copper chopsticks should be from the Spring and Autumn Period. Three round copper chopsticks unearthed from Xiangyun bronze coffin in Yunnan Province were identified as cultural relics in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period around 495 BC by carbon 14. In addition, a pair of chopsticks was found in a spring and autumn tomb in Guichi, Anhui.
This chopstick is round and flat, but there are no chopsticks with round heads and square heads like ours. We also want to mention the Han Dynasty stone reliefs.
There are many scenes of using chopsticks in Han Dynasty stone reliefs. On their dining table, on their plates and bowls, chopsticks are clearly placed and ready to come. Among them, there is a picture of a filial son. The son holds chopsticks and sends a dish to his father's mouth to show filial piety, showing the scene of using chopsticks.
On a mural in Dunhuang, men and women are also sitting together for dinner. In front of everyone, besides the spoon, there is also a pair of chopsticks, both of which are indispensable. There are three legends about chopsticks. One is that Jiang Ziya invented silk and bamboo chopsticks inspired by the divine bird, the other is that da ji invented chopsticks with a jade hairpin to please people, and the other is that Dayu invented chopsticks by taking hot food from branches to save time when he was managing water.
1, the legend of Jiang Ziya and chopsticks is circulated in Sichuan and other places, saying that Jiang Ziya can only fish with a straight hook, and he can do nothing else, so he is very poor. His wife really can't stand living with him, so she wants to marry someone else.
On this day, Jiang Ziya returned empty-handed after fishing. His wife said, "Are you hungry? I've cooked the meat for you, eat it quickly! " Jiang Ziya was really hungry, so he reached for the meat. Suddenly a bird flew out of the window and pecked him.
He groaned in pain, didn't eat meat, and hurried to catch birds. When he went to get the meat for the second time, the bird pecked the back of his hand again.
Jiang Ziya became suspicious. Why did this bird peck me twice? Can't I eat this meat? In order to try the bird, he caught the meat for the third time, and then the bird pecked him again. Jiang Ziya knew it was a divine bird, so he pretended to drive it away and chased it outside until it reached an uninhabited hillside.
The bird perched on a silk bamboo and sang in a low voice: "Jiang Ziya Jiang Ziya, don't eat meat with your hands, the meat is at my feet …" Jiang Ziya listened to the bird's advice and picked two thin bamboos and went home.
At this time, his wife urged him to eat meat again, so Jiang Ziya put two bamboo and silk in the bowl and put the meat in. Suddenly, he saw smoke coming from the silk and bamboo. Jiang Ziya pretended not to know about the poisoning and said to his wife, "How can meat smoke?"? Is it poisonous? " Jiang Ziya said, and picked up the meat to his wife's mouth.
My wife turned pale with fear and hurried out the door. Jiang Ziya knew that this bamboo was a gift from God Bird, and any poison could be detected. Since then, he has eaten with two bamboo sticks every meal.
After the news came out, not only did his wife dare not poison again, but the neighbors also learned to eat with bamboo branches. Later, more and more people followed suit and the custom of eating with chopsticks was passed down from generation to generation.
This legend is obviously the product of worshipping Jiang Ziya, and it is also inconsistent with historical records. Ivory chopsticks appeared in the Yin Dynasty, and Jiang Ziya and Yin were contemporaries. Now Zhou Wang has used ivory chopsticks, while Jiang Ziya's silk and bamboo chopsticks are far from being invented.
But one thing is true, that is, bamboo was used as chopsticks in the south of Shang Dynasty. 2. The legend of da ji and chopsticks has spread in Jiangsu.
It is said that Shang and Zhou dynasties are moody. When eating, the fish is not fresh, the chicken soup is too hot, and sometimes it is said that the food is too cold to eat. As a result, many chefs became ghosts under his sword.
Da ji, the favorite princess, already knows that he is difficult to serve, so every time she gives a banquet, she should taste it in advance to avoid getting angry when Zhou Wang is salty and tasteless. On one occasion, da ji tasted it and thought some bowls were too hot, but it was too late to change them, because Zhou Wang had already served.
In order to win the favor of Zhou Wang, da ji used his quick wits. He quickly took off his long hair clip and picked it up. He blew it over and over again, and then when the food cooled, he sent it to Zhou Wang's mouth. Zhou Wang is a dissolute * *. He thinks it is a pleasure to feed da ji with food, so he wants da ji every day.
Da ji asked a craftsman to make two plates specially for her, which is the prototype of jade chopsticks. Later, this way of picking vegetables spread to the people, and chopsticks were produced.
This legend is not as full of myth as the first one, it is closer to life and has certain practical significance, but it is still full of legend and does not conform to historical facts. Archaeologists unearthed steel chopsticks in the Shang Dynasty tomb at Houjiazhuang 1005 in Anyang, which was earlier than the Zhou Wang era at the end of Yin Dynasty. Obviously, chopsticks were not invented by Zhou Wang or da ji, but should have been an earlier product.
3. The legend of Dayu and chopsticks spread in the northeast. It's about Yao Shun.
7. Briefly describe the historical evolution of chopsticks 1. The upper limit of using chopsticks is uncertain, but it has a history of at least 3000 years, and forks were used until the Warring States Period.
Chopsticks were called "Zi" in the pre-Qin period, "Zhu" in the Han Dynasty and "Chopsticks" in the Ming Dynasty.
3. There are many folklore about chopsticks. Chopsticks have many handicrafts, and more traditional crafts are integrated into the design, which has become the choice of people's collection and is also deeply loved by foreigners.
4. The relief of chopsticks was found in an ancient stove of Han Dynasty collected by China Kitchen Culture Museum, which filled the blank of chopsticks material evidence and is the only known material evidence at present.
Extended data
Food culture contained in a pair of chopsticks
Shan once launched a "chopsticks revolution" in Austrian Chinese restaurants. He recalled working in an Austrian Chinese restaurant at the beginning of 1986. "Almost all the locals use knives and forks. They fork rice in a small bowl with a fork, which is clumsy, so they will buckle the rice on the plate and eat it with vegetables, losing the original wonderful color of Chinese food. "
Ten years later, a single family owned its own Chinese restaurant. His China restaurant used a pair of chopsticks instead of knives and forks. The restaurant also made special regulations to encourage diners to use chopsticks to eat Chinese food, because less than 5% local guests could use chopsticks at that time.
"So, we saw this photo." Shan Qian Jia told reporters, "Some guests hold chopsticks in their left and right hands, some people tie the other ends of chopsticks with rubber bands, and some people simply eat with spoons.
I gave them reasons why they should use chopsticks when eating Chinese food: First of all, eating with chopsticks is healthy, because using chopsticks requires clever thinking and can dredge meridians. At the same time, eating Chinese food requires appreciating China culture, and chopsticks are the essence of China culture. "
When foreign diners picked up chopsticks and marveled at China's incredible catering culture, they were one step closer to China culture. Shan said, "Nowadays, speaking Chinese, eating Chinese food with E799Be5Baa631333431346366 has become a fashion in Europe. Through tourism, Europeans are getting more and more familiar with authentic Chinese food, and the market for Chinese food in Europe will also grow. "
For Huang Min, executive vice president of the American Chinese Food Industry Alliance, a pair of small chopsticks not only spread China culture, but also helped his restaurant attract business.
Most Chinese restaurants in the United States provide disposable wooden chopsticks, which are not easy to use. Huang Min came up with a way to fold paper chopstick covers, clip them on the top of chopsticks, and tie them together with rubber bands to teach diners to use chopsticks.
This kind of homemade chopsticks, like toys given with meals in some fast food restaurants, attracts many Americans to eat.
"In my Chinese restaurant, homemade chopsticks aroused American children's interest in learning to use chopsticks. Because of these chopsticks, they even prefer to come to my China restaurant for dinner. Many adults will deliberately ask for a pair of homemade chopsticks after eating and take them home to practice. " Huang Min told reporters that through chopsticks, he passed on the etiquette culture and food culture of China people to the American people and tourists from all over the world.