Nickname: Zhi, Heng
Nationality: Shang Dynasty
Ethnic group: Huaxia ethnic group
Place of birth: Kongsang in late summer
Occupation: politician, strategist, thinker
Main meritorious service: assisting Tang Jian to destroy the summer.
Exile Tai Jia, and manage the people in court for more than fifty years.
He has made outstanding contributions in culture, cooking and medicine.
Founder of Zhongyuan cuisine
Representative Works: Rudolph, Tang Shi and Yi Xun.
Venue: Kitchen Sheng, Sheng Yuan.
Mausoleum: Yi Yin's Tomb
Yi Yin: Yi, Mingzhi, posthumous title Aheng. "Yin" is not a name, but the meaning of "right phase". Born in Kongsang (now called Qixian County, Henan Province, now called Yichuan, Luoyang) in the late summer, her mother lived in the water god, so she took Yi as her surname. Yi Yin, a famous prime minister and politician in the early Shang Dynasty in China, was the ancestor of China chefs and the founder of Central Plains cuisine. BC/KLOC-At the beginning of the 6th century, he assisted Shang Tang to destroy the Xia Dynasty and made great contributions to the establishment of the Shang Dynasty. During his tenure as prime minister, he rectified the bureaucracy and gained insight into the people's feelings, which made the Shang Dynasty more prosperous in economy, clearer in politics and rapidly powerful in national strength.
Yi Yin lived in Shang Dynasty, including Shang Tang, Waibing, Renzhong, Taijia and Woding, for more than fifty years, and made great contributions to the prosperity of Shang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Woding, Yi Yin died at the age of 100. Woding buried Yi Yin next to Shang Tang's mausoleum as a gift from the emperor in recognition of his great contribution to Shang Dynasty. According to the chronology of Shang and Zhou Dynasties discovered and edited by Chen Junjian, Yi Yin died in the early years of Wo Dynasty, which is also the reason why many Oracle Bone Inscriptions records that there must be a sacrifice to Yi Yin. Therefore, the correlation between Yi Yin's Oracle Bone Inscriptions era can be verified one by one.
After Shang Tang's death, Yi Yin experienced foreign policy and loyalty, and became the teacher of Tang Wang's grandson Tai Jia. Legend has it that Tai Jia didn't follow Shang Tang's major policies. In order to educate Tai Jia, Yi Yin placed Tai Jia in a specific educational environment-Tongguan, where Tang Cheng was buried. He and other ministers ruled for him, which was called * * * in history. He wrote instructions such as Yi Xun, Siming and Hou Yu, telling how to govern and how to do it. In the specific educational environment created by Yi Yin, Tai Jia stayed in the same palace for three years, felt sorry for his achievements, deeply introspected, "moved benevolence to righteousness", learned Yi Yin's precepts, gradually realized his mistakes, and repented for goodness. When Tai Jia showed signs of turning over a new leaf, Yi Yin personally went to Tonggong to meet him at the right time and handed over the kingship to him. He continued to be Tai Jia's assistant. Thanks to Yi Yin's patient education, Taijia's "diligent Xiu De" was restored and inherited from Tang Zheng, so he did a good job. The politics of Shang dynasty is clear again. "Historical Records" says that "the princes are salty and belong to Yin, and the people are peaceful". So Yi Yin wrote three articles about Taijia, and an article about Xianyou Yide praised Taijia. Tai Jia eventually became a promising king and was honored as a "bulk" by later generations.
Yi Yin, who was born a slave, was adopted by a gentleman in Xin State (now Beixin Tomb in Cao County). Farming in the wild is the way to enjoy Yao and Shun. Shang Tang later named him Yin (equivalent to the Prime Minister), so the name of Yi Yin was passed down from generation to generation. Legend has it that his father was a slave chef who could kill and cook well, and his mother was a slave who picked mulberry and raised silkworms on Iraqi water. Before his mother gave birth to him, the dreamer told him, "Anyway, put the mortar out of the water and walk east." . The next day, she really found that the water in the mortar was like a spring. The kind-hearted Caisang people quickly informed her neighbors that they had fled 20 miles eastward. When she turned around, the village became Wang Yang. Because she disobeyed the warning of the man of God, her body became empty. By chance, a girl picking mulberry leaves found a baby in the empty mulberry leaves. She took it back to You Wangxin, and he ordered a slave chef to raise him. The twists and turns of this myth and legend reflect that Yi Yin was born by water, so he was named Yi, and his mother was a mulberry slave.
Yi Yin was smart and diligent since childhood. Although he reclaimed the wild land, he was happily with Yao Shun. Not only mastered the cooking skills, but also deeply understood the way of governing the country; He is not only the chef of slave owners, but also the "teacher and servant" of aristocratic children. Because he has a good knowledge of the ways of governing the country of the kings of Britain and Ming, such as the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Dayu, etc., Tang, who is thirsty for talents, took jade, silk, horses and leather as gifts and hired him in various countries. In the southwest of Kongsang River in Songxian County, there is a hill as flat as a few feet, which is hired by the world-famous biographer Shang Tang. It is the right wing of the "Yuan Shengci" in the leading village of Nansha Drum Tower, and there are three dedicated platforms in the city for future generations to mourn. Because Xin Wang did not allow Shang Tang to hire Yi Yin, Shang Tang had to marry Xin Wang's daughter. Therefore, Zhiyi came to Tang Wang as a slave.
"Mencius" said: "Soup is to Yi Yin, and learning is to me, so no pains are king." It can be seen that Yi Yin is the first imperial teacher in China. What did Yi Yin teach Shang Tang? Mengzi Wanzhang said that Yi Yin "wants soup with Yao and Shun" and "cuts summer to save the people". Teach Tang to follow Yao and Shun's general plan of governing the country by virtue and saving the people by cutting summer.
Yi Yin returned to the Elo Valley for the first time, where he met Hehuan, who was abandoned by Xia, and learned a lot of important information from Xia. In order to test the attitude of the teacher of Jiuyi towards Wang, Yi Yin persuaded Shang Tang and decided to stop paying tribute to Wang. As a result, Xia Jie was furious and attacked Tang with the "September 1st Division". Yi Yin saw that the division of Jiuyi still obeyed Xia Jie's command, so he offered Shang Tang a plan to temporarily restore gunnar to the Xia Dynasty, and at the same time actively prepared to attack the Xia Dynasty.
About BC 160 1 year, Yi Yin decided not to pay tribute to Wang Xia. Although Wang started his army again, he was "not a teacher of Jiuyi" and was completely isolated politically and militarily. Yi Yin saw that the summer was ripe, so he assisted Shang Tang to order the summer harvest immediately. Xia Jie was defeated and fled to the south. After the destruction of the three vassal states of the Xia Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty became a simple introduction and expedition to the west, and soon occupied the confidant area of the Xia Dynasty, the Luo Yi River Basin, and then made its capital in Xibo, and the Xia Dynasty perished. It is located in Luo Yi Plain near Luoyang, between Erlitou Village, Sijiaolou Village and Gedang Village in Yanshi today. Xibo is located in the ditch of Yanshi corpse township in Luoyang city today. This battle was the victory of Yi Yin's strategy of cutting summer for Shang Tang, and it was also the first achievement that Yi Yin helped Tang establish Shang Dynasty. After the establishment of Shang Dynasty, Shang Tang was named Yin. "Historical Records Yin Benji" Huangfu Mi notes: "Yin, yes, that soup makes the world." "In the world" means setting an example, being a teacher by example and being a teacher by example. "Shangshu Junshuang" quotes Duke Zhou's words "One yin is in the sky", which represents the sky. His words are equal to God's will, so it can be said that Yi Yin is a teacher. He once said: Heaven gave birth to this people, so that we can feel first and then know, so that we can feel first and then feel. He also claimed: "Heaven, humanity, non-Tao?" (Mencius Zhang Wan). Yi Yin claimed to be a prophet, and regarded his words as the highest doctrine to educate the people, which was different from others. It can be seen that Yi Yin is the highest separatist figure in China.
After Shang Tang's death, Yi Yin experienced foreign policy and loyalty, and became the teacher of Tang Wang's grandson Tai Jia. Legend has it that Tai Jia didn't follow Shang Tang's major policies. In order to educate Tai Jia, Yi Yin placed Tai Jia in a specific educational environment-Tongguan, where Tang Cheng was buried. He and other ministers ruled for him, which was called * * * in history. He wrote instructions such as Yi Xun, Siming and Hou Yu, telling how to govern and how to do it. In the specific educational environment created by Yi Yin, Tai Jia stayed in the same palace for three years, felt sorry for his achievements, deeply introspected, "moved benevolence to righteousness", learned Yi Yin's precepts, gradually realized his mistakes, and repented for goodness. When Tai Jia showed signs of turning over a new leaf, Yi Yin personally went to Tonggong to meet him at the right time and handed over the kingship to him. He continued to be Tai Jia's assistant. Under the patient education of Yi Yin, after the restoration of Taijia, Diligence became a bamboo slips of the Tang Dynasty, and inherited the politics of the Tang Dynasty, which really performed well. The politics of Shang dynasty is clear again. "Historical Records" says that "the princes are salty and belong to Yin, and the people are peaceful". So Yi Yin wrote three articles about Taijia, and an article about Xianyou Yide praised Taijia. Tai Jia eventually became a promising king and was honored as a "big guy" by later generations.
According to bamboo records, Yi Yin reigned for seven years after he usurped the throne.
In the summer of the seventh year of Yi Yin (BC 1576), King Tai Jia of Xia took advantage of the fact that the minister in the DPRK was celebrating Yi Yin's eightieth birthday, and led a warrior to sneak back to the capital of Wang from Tonggong, unexpectedly taking Yi Yin down, and suddenly killing him in the palace, killing Yi Yin.
Yi Yin was killed at the age of eighty, but he didn't die of natural causes.
"Emperor Century" records that "in the eighth year of Woding, Yi Yin died, over 100 years old, and it was foggy for three days." It's obviously fake history, so we can't take it seriously.
King Tai Jia of Xia announced the crimes of Yi Yin's usurpation of power, and remembered that he had made contributions to the Shang Dynasty, allowing his family to bury his body in the mausoleum built for himself before Yi Yin died. Reuse his son Zhi Yi, Yi Fen entered the court as an official, and ordered Yi Yin's land and slaves to be divided into two parts, with each brother holding one.
Yi Yin's tomb is in the north of Gudui Village, southwest of Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province.
According to The Imperial Century, Yi Yin assisted the five emperors of Shang Dynasty all his life, and died at the age of 100 when Woding, the son of Tai Jia, was in office. It was foggy for three days when he died. In order to repay his loyalty and support to the Shang royal family, Woding buried him in Bo with a gift from the emperor. According to historical records. Justice. Broad ambition says that Bo is the northwest of Yanshi County (now the northwest of Jiangshi County in Henan Province).
According to the above records, because Yi Yin helped the Tang Dynasty destroy Xia Jian Shang and transform Tai Jia, he neither fooled the ridiculous king nor seized the opportunity to usurp the throne, which was sincere to the country. Therefore, later generations honored him as the first saint in the history of China, and regarded him as a model of people and ministers together with Lu Shang (Jiang Taigong), Duke Zhou and Guan Zhong. I don't know that Yi Yin died 1000 years later, during the reign of Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Western Jin Dynasty, an ancient book "Annals of Bamboo Books" was found in the tomb of the Warring States in Ji Jun County, which recorded: "Loyalty collapsed, and Yi Yin expanded its armor to stand on its own feet. Yi Yin acceded to the throne, seven years, Tai Jia attacked the child and killed Yi Yin; It is to set up his sons, Yiyi and Yifen, to restore his father's farmland and divide it. " This caused an uproar. Yi Yin, who has always been highly respected, is not a saint, but a giant traitor who usurped the throne. Since then, the question of whether Yi Yin was a saint or a traitor has been debated by scholars of all ages.
One school thinks that the chronicle of bamboo slips describes the historical events in Xia and Shang Dynasties, which is quite reliable after textual research and has high historical value, so the statement that "Tai Jia killed Yi Yin" should be credible. Yi Yin's theory of remoulding Tai Jia and returning to national politics is nothing more than the Confucian view of worshipping the past. Yi Yin was a traitor and was killed after usurping the throne.
Another school of scholars quoted classics and strongly refuted them. Among them, Cui Shu, a historian in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, is a typical representative. Regarding the statement that Tai Jia killed Yi Yin, he argued: In Mencius, "Tai Jia repented, felt sorry for the child, moved righteousness to the child, and returned to Bo after listening to Yi Yin's instructions for three years." "Tai Jiaxian, and vice versa, folk music." It shows that Tai Jia returned to Beijing after Yi Yin regretted his discipline. In Zuo Zhuan, there is a saying that "Yi Yin put too much armor in the picture, and the pawn had no complaints", which means that after Tai Jia was reset, he still took Yi Yin as the picture and had no complaints about Yi Yin, indicating that he did not kill Yi Yin; After Yi Yin was buried by Woding Li, there was a Woding in Shangshu, which praised Yi Yin's merits and showed that Yi Yin died a fair death. After Tai Jia killed Yi Yin, he made his son Yi and Yi powder as the phase, and killed his father and made his son as the phase, which is not credible. Cui Shu believes that killing the king and the Lord is common in the Warring States period, and the world is corrupt, and everyone forgets righteousness. Due to the influence of this trend, Yi Yin's behavior of wearing too much armor evolved into the theory that Yi Yin was killed on the throne. He even wondered whether the author of Bamboo Records had copied the historical data of Yi Yin's "Putting Tai Jia". He insisted that Yi Yin was a "saint" with a "broad mind and a bright future".
Since the annals of bamboo books unearthed in the Western Jin Dynasty 1700 years ago, both views have their own opinions, but neither can produce strong circumstantial evidence, and it is difficult for anyone to convince the other side. It seems that whether Yi Yin died of natural causes after returning to the imperial court, or was killed after abolishing the Lord and usurping the throne, and whether he was a saint or a giant traitor, we have to wait for historians to dig deep into historical materials and make further textual research.