Senior sister's recommendation is very good, but it is not easy for ordinary readers to find, and the lack of proofreading is also difficult for readers who are not very rich in ancient Chinese knowledge. It is suggested to choose a popular selection of ancient poems about Wang Li. As a textbook for Chinese departments in many universities, it has been used for decades, and the quality can be completely guaranteed.
For most readers, it is also an easy-to-understand China ancient book. Every aspect of ancient Chinese is involved, and the language is easy to understand, thoroughly explained and clearly organized.
It mainly includes three parts: selected books, common words and general theory. The general parts include dictionaries, vocabulary, writing, grammar and rhetoric. Basic knowledge such as rhyme, rhyme, rhyme, melody, ancient book annotation, sentence reading, style and common sense of ancient culture are necessary for learning ancient Chinese and reading ancient books.
There is also a set of Ancient Chinese written by Guo Xiliang, Tang Zuofan, He Jiuying, Jiang, Tian Ruijuan and other second-generation scholars of the Chinese Department of Peking University, and the quality is also good. If you are reading selected works, the choice is really small.
Some scholars recommend Mr. Zhu Dongrun's works, which are also classic textbooks of Chinese Department. However, due to the limitations of the times, Mr. Zhu lived in a very strong sense of class view, which led to unfair selection of works and missed many excellent works. Selected readings of ancient literary works, edited by teacher Yu Xianhao of Nanjing Normal University, is used by Chinese departments of many universities. It is novel and suitable, so you can look for it.
2. A review of the first book edited by ancient Chinese (Wang Li)
1, Liu Shu: It is a generalization and induction of ancient Chinese characters, including pictographs, signifiers, comprehensives, pictophonetics, phonetic symbols and loanwords.
When I say, pointing to things, pointing to things, seeing and knowing, seeing and seeing, is also up and down. Second, pictographs, pictographs, are painted things, and the sun and the moon are also.
Third, the sound of sound, the sound of sound, in the name of things, for example, complement each other, rivers also. Fourth, knowing, knowing, loyalty is better than class, see the command, Wu Xin is also.
Fifth, turn notes, turn notes, build classes, agree to accept each other and take exams from time to time. Sixth, under the guise of borrowing, borrowing, without a word, asking for things by voice, the commander also.
2. The original meaning of the word: it is the original meaning of the word, which refers to the oldest meaning quoted in the literature corresponding to the writing form of the word. 3. The extended meaning of words: the meaning directly or indirectly extended from the original meaning is inextricably linked with the original meaning.
4. Flexible use of parts of speech: In ancient Chinese, some words can be used flexibly in a specific language environment, temporarily changing their basic functions and acting as other words in sentences. This kind of temporary flexible words is called flexible parts of speech. 5. Variant characters: Two or more words with different forms but the same sound and meaning are called variant characters.
First, we should pay attention to variant characters: first, some words are commonly used in ancient times, with the same pronunciation, but not exactly the same meaning, so they cannot be regarded as variant characters. For example, Wei, Wei and Wei are often used as modal particles, but the original meaning of "Wei" is rope. Huainanzi Astronomy: "Heaven breaks the earth."
This meaning cannot be written as "for" or "for". The original meaning of "Wei" is thinking.
"Only" is the answer. They don't mean exactly the same, they are three different words.
Another example is "swimming" and "swimming". The original meaning of "swimming" is about walking, and the original meaning of "swimming" is about water.
You can write "swim" about walking, but you can't use "swim" about water. Second, some words are only used occasionally and cannot be considered as variants.
Such as "flea" and "early", these two words have completely different meanings, but the pronunciation is the same or similar, which is temporarily borrowed and belongs to the old pronunciation. Third, we should not confuse variant characters with ancient and modern characters.
The distinctive feature of variant characters is that their sounds and meanings are exactly the same, while the meanings expressed by ancient and modern characters are generally different. Variants in the same group can be replaced by each other under any circumstances, but modern characters can't replace ancient characters at any time.
Second, the judgment sentence indicates what something is or is not, and whether something belongs to a certain category. A judgment sentence is a sentence with a noun or noun phrase as the predicate. Ji Yun contracture? What is the salary? Third, the characteristics of the judgment sentence: the judgment sentence in ancient Chinese is different from that in modern Chinese. Generally, the noun predicate is used to express the judgment directly, without the copula "yes".
The modal particle "ye" can often be added at the end of a sentence to strengthen the positive tone of the judgment sentence. The biggest feature of Chinese judgment sentences in pre-Qin period: universality? ] There is a copula.
Example: South Ghost, Tianchi also. ""is also a minister of a country. "
The "yes" in the last sentence is the subject of the sentence, not the judgment word. "Shi" was originally a demonstrative pronoun in ancient Chinese, which basically means "this" (this).
Can be the subject, predicate and attribute of a sentence. Fourth, the basic form of ancient Chinese judgment sentences: the basic condition for the formation of ancient Chinese judgment sentences is that nominal words directly act as predicates.
Moreover, the modal particle "ye" can be used after the predicate to strengthen the judgment tone. You can also refer to the subject with the pronoun "zhe" after the subject.
In this way, according to the usage of "zhe" and "ye", there are four basic forms of ancient Chinese judgment sentences. 1, subject, predicate+"ye".
("system, rock wood also." ) 2. Subject+"zhe" and predicate+"ye".
("Soldiers, killing weapons." ) 3. Subject+"zhe", predicate.
("Soldiers, killing weapons." ) 4. Subject and predicate.
("soldier, murder weapon." Adverbs often appear as adverbials between the subject and predicate of a judgment sentence.
For example, the adverb "Fei" is used to express negative judgment. Fifth, negative judgments such as: "the body is not vegetation"; "The words of right and wrong gentlemen are also".
Although the word "Fei" here can be translated into "Fei", its part of speech is an adverb, not a copula. Another example is to use modal adverbs such as "Ze", "namely", "Cheng" and "Nai" to strengthen the judgment mood, and to use range adverb "Jing" to express the scope of judgment, which is also a common situation in judgment sentences.
"This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower." "Liang's father is General Xiang Yan of Chu."
"This is a crucial autumn." "I am from A Liang."
"It is the sin of Qin." Several sentences with the verb "for" also express judgment, such as: "I am an uncle?" ? ? 6. The expressive function of the sentence 1 The subject and predicate of ancient Chinese judgment sentences constitute a judgment relationship syntactically, but they are not single in semantic expression. There are five basic expressive functions of ancient Chinese judgment sentences: (1) indicates the generic relationship, that is, the person or thing expressed by the subject belongs to the same person or thing expressed by the predicate.
Chen Shengsheng is also from Yangcheng. (Historical Records Chen She Family) Father Zhong Gong, * * *.
(Biography of Historical Records and Zhong Ni) Xiao Guoteng. (Mencius Hui Liang Wang Xia) ② indicates equivalence, that is, the person or thing expressed by the subject is the person or thing expressed by the predicate.
In the past, Ghost Hou, Hubei Hou and Wen Wang San. (The Warring States Policy Zhao Ce) Fu Liang is Xiang Yan, the general of Chu State.
("History? "Biography of Xiang Yu" Yu is a scholar's book, and Yu is the ancestor. (Zuo Zhuan San Xuan Year) These two judgment sentences not only constitute a judgment syntactically, but also constitute a judgment logically.
(3) The figurative relationship expressed, that is, the person or thing expressed by the subject is just like the person or thing expressed by the predicate in some aspects, such as: monarch, ship; Shu Ren, water also. (Xunzi Wang Zhi) (4) Represents the complex semantic relationship between the subject and the predicate, that is, the speaker puts complex expressions? Is it hot? Will the man ask for a prize when the door is open? Hey? What is the solution to this problem? It takes courage to fight.
(Ten Years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong) War is not equal to courage. War depends on courage. Subject and predicate do not logically constitute a judgment, but are expressed in the form of a judgment sentence, which fully emphasizes the relationship between subject and predicate.
(5) The predicate indicates the reason for a certain result. Such as: Liang Yong's era is full of knives and cutting; Imperial clan has many knives in a month, which is also awkward.
("Zhuang.