1. Overview of the Moon
The moon is the only natural satellite on the earth, with an average distance of about 38,4401km and an average diameter of about 3476 km. The surface area of the moon is 38 million square kilometers. The mass of the moon is about 735 billion tons. The surface of the moon is a desert composed of plains, peaks and valleys. There are also many craters formed by high-speed impact of space objects on the surface of the moon. The topography of the lunar surface mainly includes crater, moon sea, moon land and moon mountain, moon radiation pattern and moon valley (moon gap).
2. Orbital motion of the moon
The moon moves around the earth in an elliptical orbit. The moon revolves around the earth and rotates at the same time, with a period of 27.438+066 days, which happens to be a sidereal moon, so we can't see the back of the moon. This phenomenon is called "synchronous rotation".
Step 3 be eclipsed
On the fifteenth and sixteenth days of the lunar calendar, the moon runs in the opposite direction to the sun. At this time, if the centers of the earth and the moon are roughly on the same straight line, the moon will enter the umbra of the earth and produce a total lunar eclipse. If only a part of the moon enters the umbra of the earth, a partial lunar eclipse will occur. When the moon enters the penumbra of the earth, it should be a penumbral eclipse, but it is not called an eclipse because the brightness drops very little, so there are only two kinds of eclipses: total eclipse and partial eclipse. Eclipses always occur in sight (full moon), but not every time. Eclipses occur up to three times a year, and sometimes they never happen at all. The process of an eclipse can be divided into five stages: first loss, eating, eating, giving birth to light and last contact.
4. the origin of the moon
There are three hypotheses about the origin of the moon: capture theory, split theory and homology theory.
5. The mystery of the moon's age
Rock samples brought back from the moon can be used to determine the age of the moon. It is found that 99% of the moon rocks are older than 90% of the oldest rocks on earth. 1973, a moon rock was determined to be 5.3 billion years old at the World Moon Symposium, while the oldest rock on the earth was 3.7 billion years old. Some scientists believe that the moon was formed in interstellar space long before the formation of the earth.
6. Resources on the Moon
The lunar soil contains a large amount of gaseous "helium -3", which is about 6.5438 million tons. If it can be exploited in large quantities, it can not only provide energy for the development of the moon, but also provide inexhaustible nuclear energy raw materials for the earth's nuclear fusion in the 265.438+0 century.
Second, the humanistic phenomenon of the moon.
1. Moon Beauty Alias
Jade Rabbit ("If you want to go upstairs to see the Jade Rabbit, who will build the silver que" ── Xin Qiji)
Luminous ("What are the advantages of luminous? Have children when you die? " ── Qu Yuan)
Su E ("Su E is another name for the moon ──" Youxue Qionglin ")
Ice wheel ("whoever hooks jade hangs up, the ice wheel is helpless" ── Lu You)
Jade wheel ("Jade wheel rolls with wet light, Luan Pei meets Gui Xiang stranger" ── Li He)
Jade toad (March 35, Autumn Jade toad on a misty and rainy night ── Fang Gan)
Ghost woman ("Ghost woman flies to a place with light and spends a cool day in autumn" ── Su Shi)
Toad ("Fujian sets sail, toads reunite" ── Jia Dao)
Gu Tu ("Before the bird leaves the valley, Gu Tu Shimada Hanzo" ── Li Bai)
Chan Juan ("I wish you a long life * * * Chan Juan"-Su Shi)
In addition, there are Jade Bow, Jade Gui, Jade Plate, Jade Hook, Jade Mirror, Ice Mirror, Guanghan Palace, Chang 'e and Jade Sheep.
2. Enjoy the moon.
The moon is bright, and August is particularly bright; Beautiful mountains and mountains, Wushan Xiu Xiu is very.
Enjoy the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. A wanderer is homesick, but his hometown is sweet.
There is a full moon in the sky, a half moon on the ground, and a half moon every month; Tonight is the end of a year, tomorrow is a year, and year after year is the end of a year.
Big Dipper, the water is at 14; There are geese in the south building and a pair of flies in the moon.
Although the building is high, it has passed; Small pool can send the bright moon.
Flowers are everywhere in the shadows; A pavilion of mountains, mountains, colors and moons peeps at people.
Water is warm and cold, so there is no need to find the source between streams. The song is slanting, and the lakes and mountains are available to everyone. Because of the full moon, Mo Wen next to the pavilion will take the first photo at the beginning of the year and propose a toast tonight. Does Chang 'e in the sky recognize me?
3. Recite famous sentences about the moon
Three or five full moons, four or five short toads. (Nineteen Ancient Poems Meng Donghan)
The moon shines on the tall buildings, and the lights upstairs are swaying. (Cao Zhi's "Song of Complaints")
The moon is not night, but the forest is autumn. (Geng Shouwu, "Wind and Ye Chun Ling Ying")
The feast lasted until the moon disappeared in the high trees and the Milky Way disappeared at dawn. (Chen Ziang's Farewell to Friends on a Spring Night)
The moon, at this time is at sea, over the end of the world. (Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking of a Man in the Distance")
I drift with the tide for thousands of miles, and there is no moon by the river. (Zhang "Moonlit Night on the Spring River")
There is no dust in the sky on the river, and there is a lonely moon in the sky. (Zhang "Moonlit Night on the Spring River")
When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream. (Wang Wei's Bird Watching Creek)
A bright moon rises from Qilian Mountain and crosses the vast sea of clouds. (Guan Shanyue of Li Bai)
There is moonlight in Chang 'an, and all the families in Yi Dao are there. (Four Midnight Wu Ge Poems by Li Bai)
The white clouds are still scattered, and the bright moon is falling. (Li Bai's two memories of Shandong)
The moon will never reach the moon, but it is very close to the people. (Li Bai's Drinking for the Moon)
Today, people can't see the ancient moon, but they did this month. (Li Bai's Drinking for the Moon)
There should be clearer light in the middle of the moon. (Du Fu's "One Hundred and Fifty Days to the Month")
Jiang Yue's people are just a few feet away, and lanterns shine at night. (Du Fu's "Mancheng Yi")
When you go to Qiu Lai in spring, you don't treat each other, and the moonlight in the water remains the same. (Cen Can's Song of Applying Water to Send Sinus to Beijing)
Moonlight adds spring, and reed wind is better than bamboo wind. (Jia Zhi's "Don't Be Nine Brothers")
The loveliest thing is the ninth day of September. The bright pearl's bright crescent moon is shaped like a bow. (Bai Juyi's "Mu Jiang Yin")
There are thousands of green hills on the pine row and a pearl in the heart of the moon. (Bai Juyi's Spring on the Lake)
It's late at night, sleep quietly, the white stopped rumbling, the moon climbed the mountain, and the brightness entered the doors and windows. (Han Yu's Rock)
The clear clouds are like broken flocs, and the crescent moon is like a sickle. (Han Yu's "Dr. Zhou Lang 18 Teaching Assistant")
The glory of the land is three points, lovely Yangzhou, and you actually accounted for two points. (Xu Ning's "Recalling Yangzhou")
Pear flower courtyard melts the moon, and the catkin pond has a faint wind. (Yan Shu's "Morality")
The bright moon is affectionate and walks with people everywhere. (Bodhisattva Man in Zhang Xian)
The bright moon is a pure pine forest with thousands of peaks of the same color. (Ouyang Xiu's Return to Guanghua Temple Step by Step from Bodhi)
If you don't meet a good night in this life, where will you see the bright moon next year? (Su Shi's Mid-Autumn Festival Full Moon)
The moon still asked me out to fall in love and come to see apricot flowers at night. (Yuan Mei's Spring Miscellaneous Poems)
Sleepwalking a thousand miles overnight, first frost in the morning. (Pu Cong's Liang Wenmi once lived in Jingkou).
4. Moon-watching custom
August 15th is in the middle of August in autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. Seasonally, the Mid-Autumn Festival is the "Autumn Harvest Festival", and the grain sown in summer and spring should be harvested in autumn. Since ancient times, people have been drinking and dancing in this season to celebrate the harvest with joy. From the origin, the Mid-Autumn Festival is also a "Moon Festival", which originated from the worship of nature by ancient humans.
Folk Mid-Autumn Festival activities began in Wei and Jin Dynasties and flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties. Throughout the Tang poetry, there are indeed many poems about the Mid-Autumn Festival. For example, Wang Jianyou said, "The moon is like a circle, the color is gradually condensed, and the jade basin is full of water. Let the family sleep until dawn at night. "
In the Song Dynasty, the folk Mid-Autumn Festival became more prosperous. "Dream of China in Tokyo" describes the grand occasion of enjoying the moon in Kyoto in the Northern Song Dynasty as follows: "On the Mid-Autumn Festival night, your home is decorated with kiosks, people are fighting for restaurants, and the moon is playing and singing, which is heard thousands of miles away, and I sit until dawn."
After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, during the Mid-Autumn Festival and the full moon, people will put moon cakes, pomelos, pomegranates, taro, walnuts, peanuts, western paws and other fruits on the courtyards and balconies, enjoy the moon and talk with each other until the bright moon is in the sky, and then share the fruits for the moon, which is enjoyable.
The blue sky is like a wash, and the full moon is like a plate. When people enjoy the moon, they can't help but miss their relatives who have traveled abroad and lived in a foreign land. Therefore, Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Reunion Festival". Many ancient poems expressed people's thoughts at this time. Wang Jian's poem "Looking at the bright moon and sending it to Du Lang on fifteen nights" says: "I wonder who will be in Qiu Si tonight." China people have always regarded family reunion, relatives and friends reunion, and * * * is extremely precious in enjoying family happiness, which has always been called "reunion of those who spend a good night together".
5. Myths and legends related to the moon
China's myth about the moon was first recorded in Shan Hai Jing, Chu Ci, Huai Nan Zi and other ancient books.
"Shan Hai Jing Huang Da Xi Jing" said that "some people are opposed to their weapons, which is called Tianyu. There was a woman's party bathed in moonlight. Di Jun's wife was often born in the second month of October, so she began to take a bath. There is Xuandan Mountain. Wuyi has birds, but people have hair. Do you have blue pelicans and yellow pelicans? ? The bluebird, the yellow bird and those who collect it will all die. There is a pool named Meng Yizhi attacking Zhuan Xu Pool. "
"Huainanzi Spiritual Practice" says: "There are toads in the moon."
There are many legends and fairy tales about the moon. There are stories about the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon and Zhu Yuanzhang's anti-Yuan uprising.
It is said that there is a laurel tree 500 feet high on the moon. There was a man named WU GANG in the Han Dynasty who was obsessed with fairy tales and didn't concentrate on reading. He was banished to the moon to cut laurel, but laurel was cut with it, so later generations can see the image of WU GANG cutting laurel endlessly in the middle of the month.
Third, the scientific exploration of the moon.
1. The course of human landing on the moon
The dream of flying into space has been written down at least thousands of years ago. In ancient China, there were beautiful legends such as "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon". Western aerospace circles believe that Wanjiahu in China in the Ming Dynasty was the first person to try to fly with a rocket, and named a crater on the moon as "Wanjiahu" to commemorate it.
(2)1September 1959 12 The Moon II launched by the former Soviet Union made a hard landing in Chenghai on the surface of the moon two days later, becoming the first messenger to reach the moon and realizing the flight from the Earth to another celestial body for the first time. In the same year, Lunar 3 flew to the moon on June 4, 65438, and circled the moon three days later, taking the first picture of the back of the moon, which made people see the whole picture of the moon for the first time.
(3)1July 1969 16, the American "Apollo 1 1" spacecraft landed on the moon for the first time. American astronaut Armstrong walked out of Apollo 1 1 lunar module, and finally printed the first human footprint on the moon, taking a "big step for mankind".
④1970165438+10/0, and the moon 17 carried the world's first automatic lunar rover.
2. China's "Chang 'e Project" and its significance.
China's "Chang 'e Project" can be divided into three stages: winding, falling and returning.
In the first stage, from 2004 to 2007, the Chang 'e-1 lunar exploration project was implemented. At this stage, we will make full use of China's existing mature space technology, research and launch lunar exploration satellites, break through technologies such as earth-moon flight, long-distance measurement and control and communication, flight around the moon, lunar telemetry and analysis, and establish a preliminary system of China's lunar exploration space project.
In the second stage, from 2007 to 20 12, the goal is to develop and launch a lunar probe and land on the moon in a soft landing mode for exploration. The specific scheme is to use patrol cars and automatic robots that landed safely on the lunar surface to detect the composition of rocks and minerals in the landing area, measure the heat flow and surrounding environment at the landing site, and conduct high-resolution photography, on-site detection or sampling analysis of lunar rocks, so as to provide chemical and physical parameters of the lunar surface for future lunar base site selection. It is estimated that the lunar soft landing device will be launched around 20 12.
The third stage is from 20 12 to 2020, with the goal of lunar patrol and sampling return. In the early stage, we mainly developed and launched a new soft landing lunar rover to patrol the landing area. Later, after 20 15, a small sampling return cabin, a lunar rock drill, a lunar sampler and a robotic manipulator were developed and launched. And collected key samples to return to the earth to patrol the landing zone, providing data for the next manned lunar exploration and the establishment of lunar outpost site selection. It is estimated that the recoverable lunar soft landing device will be launched around 20 17.
The Significance of "Chang 'e Project"
The "Chang 'e Project" not only refers to the experience of previous international lunar exploration activities, but also has our own characteristics. Always plan and organize the implementation around the goal of "original innovation, integrated innovation and introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation" in China's high-tech field. In space science and technology, the "Chang 'e Project" will gradually achieve a number of major breakthroughs, reaching extraterrestrial bodies for the first time, landing on extraterrestrial planets for the first time and bringing back samples from extraterrestrial planets for the first time. The breakthrough of these technologies will promote the leap-forward development of space technology such as space engineering system integration, TT&C communication in deep space, new launch vehicle and space launch, and promote the development of other high and new technologies such as information technology, new energy technology, new material technology, micro-electromechanical technology and telemetry science. In space science, the first close-range and contact detection of stars and space environment outside the earth will greatly deepen our understanding of space science, establish a new platform for the research of astrophysics, space physics and materials science in China, promote the innovative development of these disciplines, and promote the intersection, infiltration and development of more basic disciplines.
This project can promote the sustainable development of our economy. In recent years, China's rapid economic development, to a certain extent, is at the expense of high energy consumption and high pollution. The lunar exploration project will definitely give back to the economy in the near future. The economy driven by high technology is low in energy consumption, low in pollution and high in efficiency, which is in line with the direction of sustainable development.
Without scientific and technological strength, there is no qualification to participate in real international cooperation in space. China's lunar exploration project has the characteristics of high starting point, characteristics, innovation, strong science, exploration and openness, and has built a new platform for international space cooperation. At the time of a new round of lunar exploration climax in the world, the transnational cooperation and exchange of lunar exploration has become the mainstream voice of the scientific community, which also provides a broad space for China to carry out international cooperation in this field. China will actively explore the road of "extensive cooperation" in lunar exploration, carry out multi-level and multi-channel international cooperation, and accelerate the development of China's space science and technology.
This is information. I hope you can write a composition according to the information.