Contents 1 Pinyin 2 English reference 3 Definition 4 About the rectum 5 References attached: 1 The rectal column in ancient books 1 Pinyin
zhí cháng zhù 2 English reference
*** column [Traditional Chinese Medicine Terminology Approval Committee. Chinese Medicine Terminology (2013)]
columnae *** es [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
columnae rectales [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
columns of Magni [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Magni's column [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
columnae ani [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
rectal column [Xiangya Medical Dictionary] 3 Definitions
The rectal column is the anal column (*** column) [1]. Because the lower end of the rectum is connected to the narrowed anal canal, the rectal mucosa forms 6 to 10 raised longitudinal folds [1]. 4 About the rectum
The rectum refers to the section of intestine between the end of the sigmoid colon and the tooth line [1]. That is the end of the large intestine[2]. Because of its direct connection to ***, it is named [3].
Volume 1 of "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Juying": "The large intestine is connected to the rectum, and the lower part of the rectum is the vagina."
The rectum is located in the pelvic cavity (Figure 223), with a total length of about 15 to 16 meters Centimeters, it goes from the plane of the third sacral vertebra to the front of the sacrococcygeal bone, passes through the pelvic diaphragm, and finally penetrates. The section below the pelvic diaphragm is also called the anal canal *** c ***, which is about 3 to 4 centimeters long. The muscular membrane of the rectum, like other parts, is composed of two layers of smooth muscle, the outer longitudinal and the inner ring. The circular muscle is particularly thickened at the anal canal, forming the *** internal sphincter. Surrounding the internal sphincter is the external sphincter, which is composed of striated muscle. Contraction of the sphincter prevents the discharge of feces.
Figure 223 Rectum and anal canal
The upper end of the rectum is connected with the sigmoid colon at the level of the 2nd to 3rd sacral vertebrae, descends in front of the sacrococcyx, and ends at the tooth line slightly below the tip of the coccyx. , and connected to the anal canal. The total length of the rectum is 12cm. The upper part of the rectum and the curvature of the sacrum together form the sacral flexure. At the same time, the size of the rectal cavity is the same as that of the sigmoid colon at the upper end, and the lower end expands into the rectal ampulla. The anterior wall of the ampulla bulges forward, forming a perineal flexure at almost a right angle with the anal canal. Therefore, attention should be paid to this anatomical feature during colonoscopy. The front and sides of the upper 1/3 of the intestine are covered by the peritoneum, and the front and middle 1/3 of the intestinal peritoneum are reflected forward to form a rectovesical depression or a rectouterine depression. This depression is the lowest point of the abdominal cavity in the upright position. The lower 1/3 of the rectum is completely outside the abdominal cavity. The muscularis of the rectal wall is the same as that of the colon, with the muscularis of the rectum thickening in its lower part to become the ***internal sphincter. The inner surface of the rectum is a thick layer of mucosa. The rectal mucosa has three semi-moon-shaped transverse folds, also known as the rectum. The superior fold is located 12 cm above the dental line and is the dividing fold between the rectum and the sigmoid colon. The middle fold is located on the right side wall, 8cm above the dental line, equivalent to the peritoneal rectal fold. The inferior fold is located on the left anterior wall, 5 cm above the dental line.