Schleswig, the founder of the post-Zhao dynasty, was originally a Jiezu who entered the fortress. After he became emperor in Guo Xiang (now Xingtai, Hebei), he was very angry because people in his country called Jie people conference semifinals. Schleswig made a law: no matter what you say or write, it is forbidden to use the word "Hu", and offenders ask for forgiveness.
One day, Schleswig-Holstein called local officials in Shanyu Pavilion. Fan Tan, the general, came to see Liu Bei in rags, and he was very dissatisfied. He asked, "Fan Tan, why didn't you appear in court neatly?" Fan Tan didn't know how to answer in a panic, and casually replied, "It's all because the Hu people have no morality and took all the clothes, which made me come to North Korea in rags." As soon as he finished speaking, he realized that he had violated the ban and quickly kowtowed and repented. When Schleswig saw that he knew the crime, he stopped suing. During a routine lunch, Schleswig pointed to a plate of gourd silk and asked Fan Tan, "Do you know the name of this thing?" Fan Tan saw that Shile was deliberately questioning him, so he respectfully replied, "Purple case delicacies, silver cups of green tea, golden bottles of nectar, and jade plate cucumbers." Schleswig-Holstein smiled with satisfaction.
Since then, cucurbit silk has been called cucumber and circulated between the government and the opposition. By the Tang Dynasty, cucumber had become a common vegetable in the north and south. There are many kinds of cucumbers now, which can be roughly divided into spring cucumber, shelf cucumber and dried cucumber. China's famous varieties are Beijing thorn melon and Ningyang thorn melon, which are beautiful in appearance, thin in skin and thick in flesh, and small in flesh.
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) belongs to Cucurbitaceae. Annual creeping or climbing herb with slender stems with longitudinal edges and short bristles.
Cucumber has shallow root distribution and weak regeneration ability. The stem is vine-like, 3 meters long and branched. The leaves are palm-shaped, large and thin, and the leaf margin has fine serrations. Flowers are usually monoecious. Fruit, a few centimeters to more than 70 centimeters long. The color of tender fruits ranges from milky white to dark green. The fruit surface is smooth or has white, brown or black thorns. Some fruits are bitter because of cucurbitacin. The seeds are flat and rectangular, and the seed coat is light yellow. The main types of cucumber cultivated in China are: North China type, mainly distributed in the provinces north of the Yangtze River; South China type, mainly distributed in southeast coastal provinces; British greenhouse type, European and American cold food type and acid soaking processing type. Cucumber is a warm crop. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 25 ~ 30℃, and the optimum temperature for seed growth is 18 ~ 32℃. Cucumber has strict requirements on soil moisture conditions. Adequate water supply is needed in the growing period, but the root system is not tolerant to hypoxia and high concentration of soil nutrients. The suitable pH value of soil is 5.5 ~ 7.2. Cucumber can be planted all year round. Seedling raising is often used in winter and spring cultivation. Use scaffolding for cultivation instead of weighing cucumbers. The growth period is long and the amount of fertilization is large. In China, base fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and topdressing is carried out many times during the growing period. Water properly in rainy areas, and pay attention to drainage and flood prevention in rainy areas. The harvest is carried out in stages. The tender fruit is usually harvested 7 ~ 15 days after the female flower blooms. The main diseases are downy mildew, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt, Fusarium wilt, angular leaf spot and anthracnose. The main pests are: cotton aphid, red spider, greenhouse whitefly, lateral eating mite, cucumber worm and seed fly. Cucumber is an outcrossing crop, so it should be collected in isolation. Young fruits are eaten as vegetables. The pulp can be eaten raw. The contained protease helps the human body to digest and absorb protein, and the fruit can be pickled or pickled.
This family belongs to the fruit of Cucumber, a cucurbitaceae plant.
Alias zucchini, thorn zucchini, zucchini.
Sex and taste are cool and sweet; Enter lung, stomach and large intestine meridian.
The efficacy is mainly used for clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, detoxifying and detumescence, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. Indications: body heat, polydipsia, sore throat, wind-heat eye diseases, damp-heat jaundice, dysuria, etc.
Every 100g nutrient contains 0.6-0.8g of protein, 0.2g of fat, 0.6-2.0g of carbohydrate, 0.4-0.5g of ash, 0.5 0.5- 19mg of calcium, 29-33mg of phosphorus and 0.2-65438 of iron. In addition, it also contains glucose, rhamnose, galactose, mannose, xylose, fructose, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, various free amino acids, volatile oil, cucurbitacin, cucumber enzyme and so on.
food therapy
1. Cucurbitacin C contained in anti-tumor cucumber can improve human immune function and achieve the purpose of anti-tumor. In addition, the substance can also treat chronic hepatitis and persistent hepatitis, and prolong the survival time of patients with primary liver cancer.
Use.
2. Anti-aging cucumber is rich in vitamin E, which can prolong life and resist aging; Cucumber enzyme in cucumber has strong biological activity, which can effectively promote the metabolism of the body. Rubbing the skin with cucumber juice has the effect of moistening skin and stretching wrinkles.
3. Alanine, arginine and glutamine contained in hangover-relieving cucumber have certain auxiliary therapeutic effects on patients with liver diseases, especially those with alcoholic cirrhosis, and can prevent and treat alcoholism.
4. Glucosides and fructose contained in hypoglycemic cucumbers do not participate in the usual sugar metabolism, so diabetics use cucumbers instead of starchy foods to satisfy their hunger, and their blood sugar will not increase or even decrease.
5. Propanolic diacid contained in weight-loss cucumber can inhibit the conversion of sugar into fat. In addition, the cellulose in cucumber can promote the elimination of spoilage substances in human intestine and reduce cholesterol, which can strengthen the body.
6. Brain-nourishing and tranquilizing cucumber contains vitamin B 1, which is beneficial to improve the function of brain and nervous system, calm and soothe the nerves, and assist in the treatment of insomnia.
Healthy diet
1. sweet and sour cucumber sliced cucumber 500g, salt, sugar and white vinegar. First, wash the cucumber, cut it into thin slices and marinate it with salt for 30 minutes; Wash cucumber with cold boiled water to remove part of the salty taste, control the moisture, and add refined salt, sugar and vinegar 1 hour. This dish is sweet and sour, and has the effects of clearing away heat, appetizing, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. It is suitable for polydipsia, greasy mouth and anorexia, especially in summer.
2. Porphyra cucumber soup 150g cucumber, 15g laver, and appropriate amount of dried laver. Firstly, cleaning cucumber, cutting into rhombic blocks, and cleaning laver and dried seaweed; Add clear soup to the pot, bring to a boil, add cucumber, dried laver, refined salt and soy sauce, skim the foam after boiling, add laver, pour sesame oil, sprinkle with monosodium glutamate and mix well. The decoction has the functions of clearing heat and tonifying kidney, and is suitable for female climacteric patients with kidney deficiency and excessive heat.
3. Hawthorn juice mixed with 5 cucumber tender cucumbers, 30 grams of wild vegetables and 50 grams of sugar. First, peel the cucumber from the heart and both ends, wash it and cut it into strips; Wash hawthorn, add 200 ml of water to the pot, cook for about 15 minutes, and take juice 100 ml; Cucumber strips are put into a pot, boiled and fished out; Add sugar to hawthorn juice and simmer slowly. After the sugar melts, add dried cucumber strips and mix well. This dish has the functions of clearing away heat, reducing blood fat, losing weight, promoting digestion and resolving food stagnation, and is effective for people with obesity, hypertension and sore throat.
4. Cucumber dandelion porridge 50 grams of cucumber and rice, 30 grams of fresh dandelion. Firstly, cucumber is washed and sliced, and dandelion is washed and chopped; Wash the rice in the pot first, add 1000 ml water, and cook porridge as usual. After the porridge is cooked, add cucumber and dandelion and cook for a while. This porridge has the effects of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, diuresis and detumescence. It is suitable for excessive toxic heat, sore throat, wind-heat eye diseases, short and red urine, etc.
Precautions: patients with cucumber cold and stomach cold are prone to abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Selected document
"Daily Materia Medica": "Eliminate the heat in the chest, relieve polydipsia and benefit the waterway."
Lu Chuan Ben Cao: "Cure fever, thirst and burns."
Herbal Medicine in Southern Yunnan: "Relieve spasm, heat toxin and clear polydipsia."
"Materia Medica Seeking Truth": "It tastes sweet and cold, and it can clear away heat and benefit water."
Cultural appreciation
Prince Don Zhang Huai. "Huangtai Melon Ci": "Melons are planted under Huangtai, and ripe melons give birth to leaves. Pick the melons well, and then pick them thin. Three picks are still good, and four picks hold vines. "
Wu. "Selling Cucumber": "Jujube flowers shed their clothes, and the village in the south is surrounded by the north. Cow clothes and ancient willows sell cucumbers, and it's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan. The Japanese are thirsty for tea and knock on the door to ask the wild people. "
Qing Wu Ye Wei. "Ode to a Melon": "Who can be the same? Leave early, the car is full, the vines attract the blue embankment, and the song loves the yellow flowers. When a guest is drunk, it should be refreshing, but a child's cold pillow tends to tilt. Qi Min made up a monthly order, and the melon road weighed heavily on the Wangs.
Huang Qing Zhijun. "Planting Wang Gua Li Bean Vegetable": "I will hold the urn body in the end, and five pots are not listed. If you know anything, you will lead me. The vine covers the wild, and the root kills people. Go and tell my parents that the poor son is really poor. "
Historical legend: Cucumber originated in India and was brought back to China by Zhang Sai when he went to the Western Ocean. It was called cucumber at that time. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, she became the queen of Zhao. He was dissatisfied with the Han people calling the northern minorities "Hu people", so he changed his name to cucumber to avoid the word "Hu". Some southerners can't distinguish the pronunciation of "Huang" and "Wang", so they are also called "Wang Gua".
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is also called rotten persimmon, tomato and orange honey. English name: tomato, love apple. The natural production period is1-May and the production period is 10- 1 1.
Solanaceae, tomato subgenus. Annual or perennial herbs, the plant height can reach 65438 0.5 ~ 2 meters; There are two types of plants: dwarf plants and lianas. The whole plant has mucinous glandular hairs and a strong smell. The leaves are pinnately compound or pinnately parted, with irregular serrations or cracks on the edges. Leaflets are oblong or rectangular, with even pinnate leaves. Flowers bloom in summer and autumn, racemes or cymes are axillary, with 3-7 yellow flowers, 5-7 cracks in calyx and corolla, 5-7 stamens, and the anthers grow conically. Berries are oblate, round or cherry-shaped, red, yellow or pink. The seeds are flat, hairy and grayish yellow. Sex likes warmth. Native to South America, it is widely cultivated in China. Generally, seedlings are raised in protected areas in winter and spring, mainly cultivated in spring and cultivated in greenhouse in winter. Fruit is rich in nutrition and contains many vitamins. Make vegetables or fruits. It can also be canned.
Sweet and sour, cool.
Ingredients This product is rich in vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, organic acids and a small amount of protein. Has effect in promoting digestion, induce diuresis, and inhibiting various bacteria. Vitamin D in tomatoes can protect blood vessels and treat hypertension. There is glutathione in tomatoes, which can delay cell aging and increase the anti-cancer ability of human body. Carotene in tomato can protect skin elasticity, promote bone calcification, and prevent and treat small? a target = _ blank href =/view/ 106999 . htm & gt。 Rickets, night blindness and dry eye.
Functions: clearing away heat and promoting fluid production, nourishing blood and cooling blood, invigorating stomach and promoting digestion.
[Hypertension, chronic hepatitis] 250 grams of fresh tomatoes, washed and cut into pieces; 100g sliced beef, seasoned with a little oil, salt and sugar, and cooked with food. Every day 1 time.
【 Weakness, blood deficiency, malnutrition and dizziness 】 Tomato 100g, pork liver 100g, japonica rice 100g, and 3 slices of ginger. Firstly, the pig liver is washed and sliced, and stirred with salt, soy sauce, raw flour and rice wine; Wash tomatoes and cut into pieces; Wash ginger, peel and shred; Wash japonica rice, put it in a pot, add appropriate amount of water, simmer for 20 minutes, add tomato and ginger, cook for 10 minute, then add pork liver, cook for a few minutes until pork liver is just cooked, and season with food.
【 Fever impairs body fluid, dry throat, excessive hot drinking 】 Tomato 250g, grass carp 200g, tofu, Nostoc flagelliforme 1 pinch, onion 1 root. First, grass carp is washed, dried, chopped, seasoned, added with Nostoc flagelliforme, and mixed with chopped green onion to make fish balls. Put tofu in a pot, add water, bring it to a boil, add tomatoes, bring it to a boil again, add fish balls and cook it, and season it with food.
【 Gastric ulcer 】 Tomato juice 150ml, potato juice 150ml, taken together, morning and evening 1 time.
【 Gum bleeding 】 Eat tomatoes instead of fruits, 4 a day (about 250g), and take them continuously for more than 2 weeks.
[High-temperature heatstroke] 200 grams of tomatoes are washed and sliced, and decoction is used for tea, both hot and cold.
【 Hypertension and fundus hemorrhage 】 Eat 2 fresh tomatoes on an empty stomach every morning, with a course of treatment of 1 for half a month.
Nutritionists believe that as long as you eat 100-200 grams of fresh tomatoes raw every day, you can ensure the vitamins and minerals needed by the human body, but you should pay attention to the following points when eating tomatoes raw:
1. Immature tomatoes are not edible. Immature raw tomatoes contain solanine, which will make the mouth bitter and upset the stomach. Eating too much can lead to poisoning.
2, it is not appropriate to eat a lot of tomatoes on an empty stomach, because tomatoes contain more gum, fruit, persimmon phenol and other ingredients, which are easy to combine with gastric acid to form massive stones, causing stomach pain.
3, acute gastroenteritis, acute bacillary dysentery patients should not eat tomatoes, so as not to aggravate the condition.
Don't eat rotten tomatoes to prevent poisoning.
Those who should avoid spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should not take more.
The word "fan" of tomato is sometimes written as "fan" with grass prefix. It originated in Central America and South America, and is now widely planted as an edible fruit and vegetable all over the world. There are different opinions about the origin of tomatoes. It is generally believed that the first person to grow tomatoes was Peru. From16th century to17th century, Europeans introduced it as a precious ornamental plant. /kloc-it was planted as a vegetable in southern Europe in the 0/8th century. Until the mid-20th century, experts and scholars found that in the forests of Peru and Mexico in South America, the indigenous people in South America saw that tomato fruit was a bunch of small fruits, which were red and suspected to be highly toxic, so they named it "Wolf Peach" to warn others that it could not be eaten. This kind of fruit has a history of 2000 years in South America. /kloc-In the 6th century, an English duke traveled to America and fell in love with this fruit at first sight, so he brought tomatoes back to England and presented them to his lover, Queen Elizabeth. Europeans call it "the apple of love". However, it is only planted as a precious ornamental plant in my own garden. (See also the last paragraph)
There are many stories about eating tomatoes. For example, in the18th century, a French painter was deeply attracted by tomatoes and risked his "death" to eat two or three tomatoes, which were delicious. After his publicity, more people eat tomatoes. (See also the last paragraph)
Tomatoes were introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty, and were called "Fan Persimmons" at that time. Because they are cool persimmons, red in color and from the west, they are named "tomatoes". Introduced from China to Japan, Japan also called it "Tang persimmon". Historically, China people used to add the word "fan" to things imported from abroad, so they called it "tomato". In the north of Taiwan Province Province, it is usually called "smelly persimmon", and in the south, it is called "mandarin orange" (Taiwanese).
Now tomatoes are mainly eaten as vegetables. Tomatoes are easy to be canned because of their acidic substances, and ketchup and tomato juice are also common processed products. Tomato seeds contain fat and can be used to extract edible oil. It also contains nutrients such as sugar, organic acids and vitamins. Sugar is mainly glucose and fructose, and acid is mainly citric acid and malic acid.
According to the classification method of American botanist Charles Rick, the genus Lycopersicon can be divided into the following nine varieties:
Common tomato
Gooseberry tomato
Chesmani tomato
Tomato (floret tomato)
tomato
Hairy tomato
Chilean tomato
Peruvian tomato
Panali tomato
Among them, the agricultural planting is mainly ordinary tomatoes.
Note: green tomatoes contain solanine, which has a strong stimulating effect on gastrointestinal mucosa, paralyzes the central nervous system, causes vomiting, dizziness, salivation and other symptoms, and is more harmful to raw food.
This family is the fresh fruit of Solanaceae tomato.
Alias tomatoes, persimmons, plums and fire persimmons.
The taste is slightly cold and sweet; Enter the spleen, stomach and kidney meridians.
Efficacy is mainly used for promoting fluid production to quench thirst, invigorating stomach and digestion, cooling blood and calming liver, and clearing away heat and toxic materials. Indications: fever, body fluid injury, thirst, loss of appetite, hyperactivity of liver yang, stomach fever, bitter taste and heat annoyance.
Every 100g nutrient contains 0.6g of protein, 0.2g of fat, 3.3g of carbohydrate, 22mg of phosphorus, 0.3mg of iron, 0.25mg of carotene, 0.3mg of thiamine, 0.03mg of riboflavin, 0.6mg of nicotinic acid and 0//kloc-0 of ascorbic acid. In addition, it also contains vitamin P, tomato J, glutathione, malic acid, citric acid and so on.
food therapy
1. can promote the digestion of citric acid, malic acid and sugar in tomatoes, and can promote digestion. Lycopene can inhibit many kinds of bacteria and help digestion.
2. Protect skin elasticity and promote bone development. Tomatoes contain carotene, which can protect skin elasticity, promote bone calcification, and prevent and treat rickets, night blindness and dry eye in children.
3. Biological salts produced by cholesterol for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases can be combined with tomato fiber and excreted through the digestive system. Because the human body needs biological salts to decompose intestinal fat, the human body needs to supplement biological salts with cholesterol to reduce the cholesterol content in the blood and play a role in preventing and treating atherosclerosis; Vitamin B in tomatoes can also protect blood vessels and prevent hypertension.
4. Anti-cancer and anti-aging tomatoes contain glutathione. When the content of this substance in the body increases, the incidence of cancer will drop significantly. In addition, this substance can also inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, make people's calm hypopigmentation disappear, reduce freckles, and play a cosmetic role.
5. Anti-fatigue, vitamin B 1 contained in liver-protecting tomatoes is beneficial to brain development and relieves brain cell fatigue; Contains mercuric chloride, which has an auxiliary therapeutic effect on liver diseases.
Healthy diet
1. Milk tomatoes 200 ml of fresh milk, 250 g of tomatoes and 3 fresh eggs. First, wash the tomatoes and cut them into pieces for later use; Starch is beaten into juice with fresh milk, and eggs are fried into poached eggs for later use; Boil the milk juice, add tomatoes and poached eggs and cook for a while, then add salt, sugar, peanut oil and pepper and mix well. This soup is delicious and nutritious, and has the effects of invigorating the spleen and stomach, invigorating the middle energizer and benefiting qi. Suitable for the elderly and people with spleen and stomach weakness.
2. Fried pork slices with tomatoes, 200 grams of tomatoes, 50 grams of green beans, and appropriate amount of onions, ginger and garlic. First, cut pork into thin slices and tomatoes into blocks; Remove tendons from kidney beans, wash and cut into sections; Put 50 ml of oil in the wok and heat it to 70%. First stir-fry the sliced meat, onion, ginger and garlic. When the sliced meat turns white, stir-fry the tomatoes, beans and salt slightly. Add a proper amount of soup to the pot, simmer for a while, add a little monosodium glutamate when taking out of the pot, and stir well. This dish has the effects of invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, invigorating middle energizer and benefiting qi, and is especially suitable for patients with spleen-stomach disharmony and loss of appetite.
3.4 tomatoes mixed with sugar and100g soft sugar. First, wash the tomatoes, blanch them with boiling water, remove the pedicle and skin, cut them in half, cut them into crescent pieces, put them in a plate, add sugar and mix well. This dish has the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, invigorating stomach and calming liver, and is suitable for fever, dry mouth and thirst, hypertension and other diseases.
4. Tomato tofu soup 20 grams of tomatoes and tofu, 50 grams of edamame rice, and a little sugar. Slice tofu, blanch in boiling water, and drain for later use; Wash tomatoes, blanch them with boiling water, peel them, cut them into pieces, fry them in an oil pan, add refined salt, sugar and monosodium glutamate, and stir them a few times; Wash the soybean rice; Clear soup, edamame rice, refined salt, sugar, monosodium glutamate, pepper and tofu are boiled in an oil pan until they are tasty. Thicken with wet starch, add tomato sauce and push evenly. Serve. This soup has the effects of invigorating spleen and regulating stomach, invigorating qi and regulating middle energizer, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, and is suitable for spleen and stomach deficiency, improper diet, dyspepsia, epigastric fullness, etc. Ordinary people eat it, keep fit, prevent diseases and treat diseases.
Precautions Tomatoes are cold, and patients with diarrhea in loose stool should not eat more.
"Luchuan Materia Medica": "Promoting fluid production to quench thirst, invigorating stomach and promoting digestion, and treating thirst and loss of appetite".
"Convenient prescription for eating traditional Chinese medicine": "clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and calming the liver".
Cultural Appreciation Historical Legend: Tomatoes originated in South America, and the locals gave it a terrible name-Wolf Peach. For a long time, when people talked about "Wolf Peach", they turned pale and were afraid. /kloc-In the 6th century, Rodari, the Duke of England, traveled to America and bravely picked a "Wolf Peach" as a gift when he returned home, and brought it to his lover Queen Elizabeth. Since then, Wolf Peach has been nicknamed "Love Apple" by Europeans.
/kloc-in the 0/8th century, when a French painter sketched tomatoes, he saw that they were beautiful in hibiscus and colorful in berries, which made people fondle. He diverted his desire to taste tomatoes and ventured to eat one. After eating, he not only felt no discomfort, but felt sweet and sour. Since then, it has created a way to eat tomatoes.