There is only a slight difference between man and beast.
Source: Mencius
Mencius said: "People are different from animals because they want Shu Ren to go and the gentleman to stay. Shun ming is good at ordinary things, observing human relations and doing righteous things, not benevolent things. "
Interpretation of vernacular:
Mencius said: "There is only a little difference between man and beast. Ordinary people abandon it, and gentlemen leave it. " Understand the truth of things and human nature, but [be happy and natural] walk on the road of benevolence and righteousness, rather than [reluctantly take it as a task and responsibility] to practice benevolence and righteousness. "
Introduction of Mencius;
Mencius is an ancient book written by Mencius. Mencius' language is clear, plain and simple, and at the same time it is refined and accurate. As an essay, Mencius is good at argument, more artistic and expressive, and has the nature of literary prose.
Among them, the argumentative essay skillfully uses the method of logical reasoning, and Mencius skillfully uses analogical reasoning, often playing hard to get, repeatedly asking questions, and introducing the other party into his preset conclusion with twists and turns.
Momentum is an important style feature of Mencius' prose. This style stems from the strength of Mencius' personality cultivation. People with this lofty spirit can overwhelm each other mentally, despise political power, despise material greed, have extraordinary spirit, be upright, selfless and fearless.
Rhetorical devices such as even sentences and overlapping sentences are widely used in Mencius. It is necessary to enhance the momentum of the article and make the style of writing magnificent. If Jiang is determined, it will be unstoppable.
Mencius said that man is different from animals.
Source: "Mencius? Under the rule of Li Lou. "
Original text: Li Lou, Chapter 19 Mencius said: The reason why people are different from animals is several hopes; Shu Ren to it, the gentleman to stay. Shun ming is good at ordinary things, observes human relations, and acts with benevolence and righteousness, not with benevolence and righteousness.
Interpretation: Mencius said: "There is only a little difference between man and beast. Ordinary people abandon it, and gentlemen save it. " Shun understands the truth of everything and the relationship between people, so he can act according to benevolence and righteousness, rather than force it.
Author: Mencius
Dynasty: Warring States Period
Extended data
Mencius' works
Mencius is a compilation of Mencius' speeches written by Mencius and his disciple * *, which records Mencius' language, political views and political actions. It is a Confucian classic.
His theoretical starting point is the theory of good nature, which puts forward "benevolent governance" and "kingly governance" and advocates rule by virtue.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean the Four Books.
Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been regarded as a family heirloom.
Mencius is the longest and heaviest of the four books, with more than 35 thousand words. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, "Four Books" had been a compulsory part of the imperial examination.
Mencius and Li Lou wrote other chapters.
Li Lou, the first chapter
Mencius said: Shun was born in Xia and died in Mingtiao; The people of dongyi are also.
King Wen was born and died in Bi Ying, a westerner.
The difference between the ground and the ground is also thousands of miles; After the phase of the world, there are thousands of years left: if it is successful, it can be done in China, if it is a symbolic festival.
It is an insult to be holy before being holy.
writings in the vernacular
Mencius said, "Shun was born in Xia and died in Mingtiao. He comes from a remote area in the east.
Wang Wensheng was born in qi zhou and died in Biyang, from a remote area in the west.
The distance between the two places is more than 1000 miles, and the time difference is 1000 years. However, after their success, what they promoted in China was as consistent as what they promoted in Jeff. The sage who comes first has the same statutes as the sage who comes last. "
Li Lou, Chapter II
Zi chan obeyed the management of Zheng Guo; Use it to help the people of Qinhe.
Mencius said: you don't know how to govern.
1 1 years old, I became a lever,1February, I became a process. People are not sick.
A gentleman is equal to his politics; It is also possible to train people. How can we help?
So not everyone in politics can enjoy it.
writings in the vernacular
Manage the political affairs of Zheng, and help others through the drowning and swimming with their own cars.
Mencius said, "Benevolence does not know how to govern.
1 1 month to build the footbridge,1February to build the traffic bridge, so people will not worry about crossing the river.
People at the top have done a good job in politics, and it is ok to let pedestrians avoid themselves when traveling. How do they help others cross the river one by one?
Therefore, the people in charge of politics will be liked by everyone one by one, and the time is too short. "
Li Lou Chapter III
Mencius told Qi Xuanwang: Your minister is like a brother and a minister is like a heart; If you treat me like a dog or a horse, then I will treat you like a Chinese; If you regard your minister as dirt, then I regard you as Kirkan.
Wang Yue: Etiquette has a belly for the old king, so why can it be served? Yue: listen to it and stick it to the people; If there is a reason to go, lead people out of Xinjiang and walk in front of them; Go for three years without rebelling, and then collect the fields: this three gifts; If so, I'll take it.
I am also a minister today, so I can't remonstrate, but I can't help the people if I don't listen to you. If there is a reason to go, then you will fight for it and you will have great interest in it; I took his field on the day I left: this is called Kekan, and Kekan has no service!
writings in the vernacular
Mencius said to Qi Xuanwang: "You treat the princes as brothers, and the princes treat you as their own hearts;" The monarch treats his subordinates like dogs and horses, and his subordinates will treat them like strangers; The monarch regards his subordinates as dirt, and his subordinates regard the monarch as an enemy. "
King Xuan said: "The etiquette stipulates that you should be filial to the monarch who served before. What can the monarch do to make his courtiers filial to him? "
Mencius said: "If you have suggestions, you will listen to them; if you have suggestions, you will adopt them, so that you can benefit the people;" If there is a reason to leave, the monarch will send someone to take him abroad and arrange where he wants to go first; He walked for three years, and then he took back his fief house without coming back.
This is called taking care of the cottage.
In this way, liegeman is willing to do filial piety for him.
Now there is a lieutenant's advice, but the monarch does not accept it. If you have suggestions, you won't listen, so you can't spread them to the people. If there is a reason to leave, the monarch will catch him and try his best to get him into trouble wherever he goes; On the day he left, he confiscated his house.
This is called an enemy.
Enemy, what is there to be filial to? "
Baidu encyclopedia-Mencius
Baidu Encyclopedia-Mencius Li Lou
The reason why people are human
The second half of "people are people" is:
What is this? Yue: It is also used to distinguish them.
It means: what makes people become people? Answer: Because people have thinking and can distinguish right from wrong.
From: Xunzi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period? An indecent article, not Mencius.
Original text:
People are human, why have they always been like this? Yue: It is also used to distinguish them. Hunger leads to food, cold leads to warmth, suffering leads to rest, good leads to benefit, and evil leads to harm, which is inherent in human beings, and is also the common ground between metaphor and hero.
However, people are not only two legs, but also hairless, because they are noble. Today's husband _ _ laughs, and his feet are hairless. However, a gentleman sips his soup and eats it.
The reason why an old friend is a man is not because he has two feet and no hair, but because he has differences. Husband and beast have father and son but no father and son's relatives, and there is no difference between men and women, so there is no difference between men and women.
Translation:
What makes people become people? Answer: Because people can distinguish rank order, such as up and down, high and low, old and young, and closeness. Hungry people need to eat, cold people need to keep warm, and tired people need to rest, and they like benefits and hate disasters. This is human nature, and there is no need to learn.
It is the human nature that both Dayu and Xia Jie have. In this way, people are human not only because they have two feet and no hair, but because they can distinguish the hierarchical order. The gorilla looks like it has two feet and no hair on its face, but people can drink its soup.
Eat its meat. So people are human, not only because they have two feet and no hair, but because they can distinguish the hierarchical order. Animals also have a father-son relationship, but there is no father-son affection, there are males and females, but there is no distinction between males and females. Therefore, the essence of human society lies in the differences at all levels.
Extended data:
Xunzi opposed Mencius.
It is not sex that needs to be studied and worked hard, but falsehood, that is, man-made. He further pointed out benevolence, courtesy, wisdom, resignation, respect and so on. They are all acquired after learning and enlightenment, and they are fake, not sexual.
Human nature only likes advantages and disadvantages. If people are allowed to follow their own nature, it will lead to competition and chaos. Therefore, human nature is evil. The sage realized this and made etiquette to educate the people.
Xunzi called it metamorphosis and falsification, just as bent wood can only be straightened after processing and correction. Only after acquired education can people make their words and deeds conform to etiquette and justice, so that society can cure chaos.
Xunzi takes good and evil as human nature, and absorbs the thoughts of Legalists, but it is different from Legalists. Legalists believe that human nature is their own and cannot be changed. They advocate rewarding and punishing people's good and evil, so legalists don't regard good and evil as evil.
Xunzi, on the other hand, takes good and evil as evil, arguing that people can turn evil into good through courtesy and righteousness education, and he is convinced that everyone can become a saint, and anyone who slanders can think of Yu. Xunzi believes that everyone has the nature of liking good and evil, and also has the internal basis of accepting etiquette and education to become a saint;
Righteousness is "everyone has a place", and the only question is whether lust wins over good righteousness or good righteousness wins over lust. Starting from the theory of evil nature, Xunzi believes that the way for people to become saints mainly depends on perseverance.
Accumulated learning and a good social atmosphere are subtly cultivated and influenced, and good deeds become saints. Therefore, he attaches importance to and respects the role of teachers, attaches importance to the habit of making mistakes and cultivates good moral habits.
Theoretically, the difference between the theory of evil nature and the theory of good nature lies in the different understanding of sex. Xunzi takes the nature of talent as his nature, while Mencius takes the reason why people are human as his nature.
In its practical sense, it emphasizes different aspects of the way of sanctification. Xunzi emphasized acquired learning and environmental influence, while Mencius emphasized personal cultivation.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xunzi Flying
People are different from animals.
There are only a few differences between man and beast. Hope, through the meaning of "rare", scarcity.
Source: "Mencius under Li Lou": Mencius said: "The reason why people are different from animals is a few wishes; Shu Ren goes, and the gentleman stays. " Shun ming is clear about ordinary things, observing human relations and acting according to righteousness, not benevolence. Mencius said, "There is only a little difference between man and beast. Ordinary people throw it away, and gentlemen keep it. I understand the truth of all things and the relationship between people, so I can act according to benevolence and righteousness, rather than force it. "
People are different from animals.
"People are different from animals because of several wishes" means that there are few differences between people and animals.
Original text: Mencius said: "The reason why people are different from animals is several hopes; Shu Ren goes, and the gentleman stays. "
Mencius said: "There are few things that distinguish people from animals. Ordinary people lose, saints save. "
arouse
Our ancestors believed that the fundamental difference between human beings and animals is that human beings know etiquette and can always reflect on their own body and mind, but animals can't do this. Mencius' exposition in this respect is the clearest. He believes that if people are rude and enlightened, they are similar to animals-even if people have good material living conditions; So saints come out and teach people the way of courtesy and righteousness.