Knowing knowledge from things is an important concept in China's ancient Confucianism, which originated from The Book of Rites? As the eight goals of the university say-honesty, knowing and doing, sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country, and leveling the world-"If you want to be sincere, you can be a prophet; Knowledge exists in things. The content is known, and the knowledge is sincere. However, this passage is the only passage in Da Xue, but no explanation was given afterwards, and the words "Wu Ge" and "Zhi Zhi" were not quoted in ancient books in the pre-Qin period, which made the true meaning of "Wu Ge Zhi Zhi" a mystery of Confucianism.
Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty first annotated "Shi Shi", but since Song Confucianism separated "Da Xue" from The Book of Rites and became a part of "Four Books", the meaning of "Shi Shi" has gradually become a hot topic of debate among later Confucian scholars until today. At present, the popular explanation of "learning while learning" is based on some viewpoints of Zhu Theory in the Southern Song Dynasty, which holds that "learning while learning" means acquiring knowledge and truth.
An explanation of the cause of something.
Wu Ge Zhili
Explanation: 1 To: I see. Explore the principles of things and gain knowledge. 2. the ability to know the style of things, and then you can know all kinds of life.
From: Book of Rites University: "Know what is in things, and then know it." "The so-called knowledge is in things, words want to make me know, and I am poor in things."
Example: Gu Bie-Xi's learning begins with knowing things and reasoning, but China is not ignorant. Why are people and wisdom more and more like this?
Grammar: linkage; As a predicate; Refers to the knowledge gained by studying the principle of things.
What do you mean by applying what you have learned?
From the pre-Qin dynasty to the modern Qing dynasty, the Confucian theory of "applying what you have learned" was often used in the historical background of the late Qing dynasty. It belongs to an idea or a value. At that time, the Qing dynasty was poor and weak, and there were two schools of thought about where to go. One faction sticks to the old tradition, resists cheap and easy-to-use foreign goods, hates Westernization, but cannot resist the spread of foreign goods. The other school belongs to the Westernization School, the so-called "new school". We should learn advanced things from the west, including technology, business model, science, culture and education. The westernization school's view is "to apply what you have learned", to practice and to learn new and useful things, whether it subverts tradition or not. The following are some quotations: "Applying what you have learned" is the dominant cultural value of ancient intellectuals in China. This kind of values holds that the value standard of cultural scholarship is its practicality, that is, the transformation from cultural academic value to political ethical value. In the pre-Qin period, Confucianism took the world as its own responsibility and regarded itself as the teacher of the monarch, trying to shape the ideal monarch by "respecting the right and wrong of the monarch", thus re-establishing a unified social value system. Seeking truth from facts is mainly to build a reasonable social order and political form. In the late Qing Dynasty, due to the oppression of the image of western countries and the infiltration of western cultural and political thoughts, intellectuals represented by Kang Youwei re-publicized the slogan of "applying the world", and their political ideals were very different from those of traditional Confucianism. At this time, the essence of "practical application" is to try to find a way to save the country and strengthen itself in the blending of traditional culture and western culture. Modern Chinese Dictionary is interpreted as: studying the principles and laws of things and summarizing them into rational knowledge. The word "learning from the scriptures" comes from "university". Grid, to also. Things or things. Go, go putter, get to know, get to know. Knowing knowledge from things is a very important philosophical concept of Confucianism. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu thought: "A governor wants to do what I know, but he is poor in what he knows." This is the most general and accurate expression of Zhu's "knowing people from things". Push your knowledge to the extreme and want to know everything. I am so poor that I want to be everywhere. As for Zhu's explanation, our understanding is that "materialism" means "materialism", and everything should be understood and explored. To know is to be a real wise man and never be careless in doing things. Words, words, things, things, knowledge, sounds, gé wù zhì zhī Interpretation: inference; To: I see. Investigate the principle of things and gain knowledge. Source "Book of Rites University": "What you know is useless, then you know it." For example, Gu Bie's western learning began in ~, and China was not ignorant. Why is the wisdom of the people more and more like this? (Yan Fu's "Yuan Qiang")
It is urgent to seek the source of "making things work".
It was put forward by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in Song Dynasty.
What does it mean to know the meaning of things?
Modern Chinese Dictionary is interpreted as: studying the principles and laws of things and summarizing them into rational knowledge. The word "learning from the scriptures" comes from "university". Grid, to also. Things or things. Go, go putter, get to know, get to know. Knowing knowledge from things is a very important philosophical concept of Confucianism. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu said: "The governor wants to do what I know, but he is poor at what he knows." This is Zhu's most general and accurate expression of "teacher". Push your knowledge to the extreme and want to know everything. I am so poor that I want to be everywhere. As for Zhu's explanation, our understanding is that "materialism" means "materialism", and everything should be understood and explored. To know is to be a real wise man and never be careless in doing things. If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, govern the country first. If you want to govern your country, you should unite your family first. If you want to keep your family together, you should trim your body first. If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first. If you want to be right, be sincere first. If you want to be sincere, let him know first. Knowledge exists in things. Everyone knows everything, everyone knows it and is sincere, sincere and upright, upright and upright, well-trained and well-groomed, well-groomed and well-governed, well-groomed and well-governed. "Knowing from things" comes from the Confucian classic "University". Universities are regarded as an introductory chapter of Confucianism by later Confucian scholars. But this "introduction" is not a process from elementary to advanced, but that "university" is a summary of Confucian knowledge. And "learning from things" is the basic point of all Confucian learning. Because of the position of "knowing by things", this issue has been difficult to discuss since ancient times. Therefore, there are many explanations, some say that "learning from the heart" means "learning from the heart", and some giant buddhas in modern times also hold this view; It has been said that "understanding knowledge by grasping things" is objective idealism, methodological materialism and ontological idealism; Of course, some people say that learning from things is a materialistic view. In fact, all these arguments involve a fundamental problem. What is the starting point of "learning from things"? To know the starting point of "learning from things", we must first understand what the purpose of "university" is. Looking at universities is a summary of Confucianism, but it is also a summary from a certain angle. The focus of this university is to promote benevolence. University refers to imperial academy, which means ultimate learning. What is the ultimate? It means "heaven is on earth", which is the acme of university. The key to the implementation of Heaven (obviously there is virtue in the world) is to understand that the body of Heaven is Mingde. Therefore, talking about knowledge is a key point of "university". In other words, become wise by considering things. Understanding things is a way. By Wang Mingyang, a Confucian scholar in the Ming Dynasty, learning knowledge from things was not the way. After learning from things, he thought that the extraordinary things were simply wrong, so he went straight to the source of the soul and put forward the famous assertion of "the unity of knowledge and action". Some people say that being realistic is to achieve self-sufficiency and virtue. This is his enlightenment. As soon as this statement came out, it was immediately regarded as heresy by mainstream Confucian scholars. In fact, there is no need to argue between the two. As far as ontology is concerned, what they say is the same thing. But logically, the two are very different. First of all, Wang Yangming's understanding of "Wu Ge" is different from that of his predecessors. He thinks that the consideration of things is the truth of pursuing specific things themselves. This view is that everything has its nature, which is the starting point of his thinking. According to this understanding, of course, "things" can't be absent-minded Therefore, although his final conclusion was drawn on the basis of criticizing Zhu's viewpoint, it is actually not essentially different from Neo-Confucianism. Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism expresses body and mind through objects. Therefore, Wang Yangming's "unity of knowledge and action" is not as a method, but as a de facto ontology, so it is not too much to say that it is heresy. Because according to Wang Yangming's logic, if you want to be wise in the world, you must first realize the Tao and then push benevolence to the world. But if so, that's nothing. Isn't it an epiphany? There is no need to have the order of "learning from the scriptures". Therefore, Wang Yangming actually overthrew the logic of the university, which means that although his meaning has some truth, his interpretation of the scriptures is wrong. This is actually his contradiction. This problem is often encountered in later lectures. For example, I talked about filial piety. In the past, Confucian scholars believed that filial piety should be practiced first, and then the heart should be clear. The Analects of Confucius also says that this is the foundation of a gentleman, that is to say, there are causes and consequences, filial piety is the cause, and mingde is the result. But according to Wang Yangming, as long as you "see nature clearly", you will naturally understand the method of filial piety. To illustrate the truth, he said that human nature is good. The logic here is not clear, and it feels a little hard. At the same time, someone asked him, for example ......
What is the full text of Mencius' talk about knowing and doing about China's entry into WTO?
1, this philosophical concept was not put forward by Mencius, but was said by Mencius in the universities listed in the four books.
2, the interpretation of knowledge is as follows:
G: inference; To: I see. Explore the principles of things and gain knowledge.
3. The original word comes from Book of Rites University:
"Know the case and then know it."
"The so-called knowledge is in things, words want to make me know, and I am poor in things."
4. Zheng Xuan was the first to annotate "Shi Shi" in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Since Rusong separated "Da Xue" from the Book of Rites and became a part of the Four Books, the meaning of "Shi Shi" has gradually become a hot topic of debate among later Confucian scholars, even today. The popular explanation of "learning things to know" in society is based on some viewpoints of Zhu's theory in the Southern Song Dynasty, which holds that "learning things to know" means acquiring knowledge and truth.
Knowledge is knowledge. What does knowledge mean?
Knowing knowledge from things is an important concept in China's ancient Confucianism. It is a Confucian theory that specializes in studying things. Has been lost, from the Book of Rites? The eight goals of the university-learning things, knowing, being honest, being upright, cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world-state that "those who want to be honest are prophets; Knowledge exists in things. The content is known, and the knowledge is sincere. " However, this passage is the only passage in Da Xue, but it has not been explained since, and the words "Wu Ge" and "Zhi Zhi" have not been quoted in the ancient books of the pre-Qin period, which makes the true meaning of "Wu Ge Zhi Zhi" a mystery of Confucianism. The sixth edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary published on 20 12 interprets "knowing knowledge by studying things" as "studying the principles of things to acquire knowledge."
The meaning of "generosity" and "generosity"
"Be brave in innovation and care for others" is taken from The Book of Rites? Fa 26 University: "You will know when you learn something. After you learn it, you will be sincere. After you are sincere, you will be upright. After you are upright, you will be in harmony with your family. After you are upright, you will be governed by the state. After being governed by the state, the world will be peaceful." Zhu summarized it as "learning while learning, honesty and integrity" in "Revealing the Secret of Bailudong Academy", and explained: "Learning while learning is also good. Things or things. Poor to the truth of the matter, I want to become extremely omnipotent. " It shows that acquiring knowledge and pursuing truth are the foundation of people and the foundation of the world. This is why we take "style" as the first sentence of our school motto. Achieve the meaning of. Innovation is innovation. Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress, the inexhaustible motive force of the country's prosperity and development, and one of the important qualities of individual sustainable development. "Houde" talks about the Book of Changes: "The terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with kindness." Virtue means taking noble morality and conduct as the foundation of establishing a school and the way to educate people. Zeren, people-oriented school, Xiu De can be noble, and all this is not for individuals, but for the peace, harmony, happiness and progress of human society. That's what the last "Zeren" in this school motto means. Therefore, the school motto has the following characteristics: First, it inherits Chinese excellent cultural traditions. Zhu was born in Jiangxi, and Bailudong Academy was the most important school-running institution in China at that time. The second is to reinterpret ancient classics with modern educational concepts. It conforms to the development trend of the times and the modern educational concept of the integration of scientific culture and humanistic culture. Knowing knowledge by observing things, that is, acquiring knowledge by studying and exploring external things, thus transforming the world and embodying the scientific spirit of seeking truth; Sincerity is right, which embodies the humanistic care of self-cultivation and goodness. It just reflects the infiltration of arts and sciences in the school. Third, it embodies the basic requirements of teaching and educating people. In other words, teachers should not only have the scientific spirit of seeking truth and innovation, but also have the style of teaching and educating people and being a teacher. As far as the training objects are concerned, Nanchang University trains all-round talents with not only scientific thinking and innovative ability, but also humanistic quality and sound personality.