(1) Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous.
Vernacular translation: blind reading without thinking will make it impossible to use book knowledge reasonably and effectively because you can't deeply understand the meaning of books, and even lead to confusion. And if it's just a dream, if you don't really study and study, you will only build a tower on the sand and get nothing.
(2) always learn.
Vernacular translation: often practice what you have learned.
(3) learning to be excellent is an official.
Vernacular translation: If you have spare time or leisure after studying, go to be an official (to further promote benevolence and righteousness).
(4) Disciples are filial when they enter, and filial when they leave. They sincerely believe that they love the public and treat others well. If they have spare capacity, they will study literature.
It is very important to be filial to your parents at home, love your younger brother, pay attention to your behavior outside, be cautious, pay attention to your credit, get along with the public on an equal footing, be close to benevolent people, and learn from them. If you have extra time and energy after doing it, go and learn other useful knowledge such as Six Arts.
(5) review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher.
Vernacular translation: Review old knowledge to gain new understanding and experience, with which you can become a teacher.
Second, teaching attitude.
(1) Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching.
Vernacular translation: learning is not enough, but teaching is not tired.
(2) There is no class in teaching.
Vernacular translation: All kinds of people can be educated, no matter how noble, virtuous or stupid.
(3) Seek retreat, so advance; I retired because I am also a human being.
Vernacular translation: Ran is afraid of things, so encourage him; Lutz was reckless, so he restrained it.
(4) Don't be angry, don't be angry. If an angle is not reversed by three angles, there will be no more.
Vernacular translation: don't enlighten him before he tries to understand; Don't inspire him until he knows it in his heart but can't express it perfectly. ? If he can't draw inferences from others, don't give him repeated examples.
(5) People over middle age can also use language; Under the China people, not verbally.
Translation of vernacular Chinese: People with above-average intelligence can teach him profound knowledge, while people with below-average intelligence can't teach him profound knowledge.
These sentences are from The Analects of Confucius in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Extended data writing background:
The Analects of Confucius is a collection of quotations from Confucius and his disciples, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and re-disciples until the early Warring States period. The book * * * consists of 20 chapters and 492 sections. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles.
This book is one of the Confucian classics, and it is also called "Four Books" with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius. Together with The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu, they are called "Four Books and Five Classics".
The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism and a collection of recorded essays, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples in the form of quotations and dialogues, and embodies Confucius' political, aesthetic, moral and utilitarian values.
The Analects of Confucius covers politics, education, literature, philosophy and ways of living. As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, when Confucius set up an altar to give lectures, its main contents were initially established; After the death of Confucius, his disciples and re-disciples passed on his remarks from generation to generation, and gradually recorded the words and deeds of these oral quotations, so it was called "On";
The Analects of Confucius mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, so it is called "language". In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi explained: "The speaker, the sage's language, the commentator, and the Confucian discussion." In fact, "Shang" means compiling. The Analects of Confucius refers to recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and compiling them into books.
About the author:
Confucius (55 BC/kloc-0 BC/-479 BC), that is, Lu (now Nishan Town, Qufu City, Jining City, Shandong Province), was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. His thoughts had a far-reaching impact on China and the world.
Confucius led some disciples around the world for fourteen years and revised the Six Classics in his later years. Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures. According to legend, he has 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of the wise. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-transmitted disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects. What he did was recorded in Historical Records Confucius Family.