First of all, up to now, we haven't found any historical materials about Xia Dynasty from Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty. Most of the history of Xia Dynasty comes from the myths and legends about Shang Yang in the Rong culture of the northwest minority in Zhou Dynasty. The historical materials about Xia Dynasty in Shangshu, including Kanggu, Zhaogu, Duoshi, Gui Jun, Duofang and Lizheng, are all from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Mr. Yang Kuan thinks that the name of "Xia" comes from a poem in Long Hair, the fourth chapter of Ode to Shang Dynasty: "Jade symbolizes the land". Because "Xia" and "Xia" often use the word "false", Dayu became the founding monarch of Xia Dynasty. Mr. Chen believes that Xia Dynasty probably originated from the lineage of Shang Dynasty, and Dayu was actually the ancestor of Shang Dynasty. Archaeologist Mr. Chen Chun believes that "Xia was a dynasty invented by the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty". Secondly, Yangshao culture, Longshan culture in Henan, early Shang culture in Erligang, Zhengzhou and Yinxu culture in Anyang all mentioned that the capital of Shang Tang was in Yanshi. 1959 In the summer, 72-year-old Xu personally visited the "Summer Site" in western Henan and visited Gaocheng, Shiyangguan, Yanzhai, Gushui River, Erlitou and other important sites. The age of this site is roughly BC 1950-BC 1700.
However, there is no written record of the Xia Dynasty in the discovered Erlitou cultural site. At first, historians thought Erlitou was the summer capital.
Later, in 1984, the archaeological team of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences discovered Yanshi, the capital of the early Shang Dynasty, in the west of Yanshi County, Henan Province. Because Erlitou cultural site is only 7 kilometers away from Yanshi site, it is probably just a cultural site in the early Shang Dynasty. In July, 2008, the story of the dialogue between "Thick Father" and "King" was recorded in the book "Thick Father" collected by Tsinghua University. The "thick father" is the courtier of the king, and he told the king about the rise and fall of the Xia Dynasty.
Among them, the rise of Dayu and the decline of Confucius family were mentioned. But we don't know who this "king" is. Some people think it's King Tai Jia of Shang Dynasty, while others think it's Zhou Wuwang. Anyway, from the current archaeological point of view, it can be proved that the earliest king was Yu. Mr. Historian said: "Yu is a great man standing on the threshold of civilization." He summed up the heroic era and paved the way for the civilized era. "
In any case, even if "Yu" exists, it does not mean that the Xia Dynasty exists. For example, Hu Shi, Gu Jiegang and Guo Moruo all thought that the Xia Dynasty should not exist, but was a product deliberately invented by the Zhou Dynasty to overthrow the Shang Dynasty and prove its legal status. But we can't be sure, but we gave a clear answer in a book! In 279 AD, people in the Western Jin Dynasty found a historical book, Annals of Bamboo Books, in Wei Xiangwang's tomb during the Warring States Period. This book contains 13 articles, telling the stories of Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. It is a chronological general history written by historians of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period and Wei State in the Warring States Period. The existing chronicles of bamboo slips are divided into two systems: ancient edition and modern edition. Guben is a lost edition, and its chronicle began in Xia Dynasty and ended in 299 BC.
Time, irregular style. The chronicle of The Golden Edition began in the Yellow Emperor and ended in the twentieth year of Wei Xiangwang (296 BC).
, has a relatively complete style. This book clearly records that there were 17 emperors in Xia Dynasty from Yu to Jie. Counting those with kings and those without kings together, * * * counts 47 1 year. This shows that the archaeological findings of historians are still very reliable, which at least shows that "Yu" was the founding monarch of the Xia Dynasty.
However, the only big difference from the bamboo book Chronicle is that the book says that the Xia Dynasty did exist, but historians believe that the Xia Dynasty was either a lineage division of the Shang Dynasty or a product deliberately invented by the Zhou Dynasty to overthrow the Shang Dynasty and prove its legal status. This is quite different from the chronicle of bamboo books, so is this book reliable? It is not difficult to know that we might as well consider the provable part. According to the records in volumes 10,1and 12, it has been 20 years since the Jin and Wei Dynasties, which is 16 years later. That is 770 BC-299 BC ***472 BC.
After investigating the historical events of this period, historians found that it not only matched the records in the bamboo book Chronicle, but even this book solved some problems that ancient books could not solve. Therefore, historians of the Warring States believe that the records of bamboo annals are true. But since this book is in the hands of historians, its authenticity will not be doubted, because the age difference is too far away. Who knows if anyone has modified it? However, some historians have compared the contents of Annals of Bamboo Records and Xia Benji and found that they are basically the same.
Even in archaeology, the inscription of a set of bronze bells unearthed in Linzi during Song Xuanhe's reign recorded the story of Cheng Tang's crusade against Xia Dynasty. This is also the same as in the annals of bamboo books: "
Soup destroys summer, so that it is affected. "The statement is the same. It can be seen that the Xia Dynasty existed. Although the information in Bamboo Annals is not too detailed, it is the most authoritative and convincing at present, and it is also the only chronological general history in ancient China without Qin fire. The book begins with the chronology of emperors, and records the history of 89 emperors and 1847. This book is of great significance in the historical field!