We will never know how many treasures the British and French invaders took from Yuanmingyuan, because the furnishings and accounts in the garden were looted and destroyed. The following information may give you a glimpse of the leopard.
According to the historical records of the Qing Dynasty, only 4,465,438 European clocks and watches were exhibited and stored in Yuanmingyuan at that time, and only one big clock was spared.
Afterwards, some lost objects robbed by bandits and abandoned by the invading army reached 1 197, which was at best one thousandth of the objects in the park.
According to a newsletter of The Times at that time, "it is estimated that the total value of looted and destroyed property is over 6 million pounds". In fact, a large part of the goods robbed and destroyed by the British and French invaders are priceless.
Second, the introduction of lost cultural relics
1, twelve animal heads
The bronze statue of the animal head of the zodiac in Yuanmingyuan was originally a part of the fountain outside Haiyan Hall in Yuanmingyuan, and it was a bronze statue of the Qing Dynasty.
The animal head was designed by Lang Shining, a Jesuit priest in China. He used the animal head to represent 24 hours a day, and each bronze statue took turns spraying water, which was a spectacle.
1860, 12 The animal heads of the Zodiac were plundered by the British and French allied forces and scattered all over the country. Among them, the bronze heads of cattle, monkeys, tigers and pigs have returned to China and are collected in Poly Art Museum. The bronze horse head was purchased by Stanley Ho, a Macao businessman, and donated to the country in 2007.
The mouse head and rabbit head were donated to China by the French Pino family for free and entered the Tibet National Expo; As of May 20 13, according to reliable information, Longshou was collected from Taiwan Province Province; The whereabouts of the head of the snake, the head of the chicken, the head of the dog and the head of the sheep are unknown.
2. "Gu Jun Map"
Gu Jun is a paper ink painting created by Gong Kai, a painter in Yuan Dynasty. It depicts a hungry horse. It is skinny and can hardly lift its head, but it can still feel its indomitable spirit from its torch-like eyes.
In the upper right corner of Gu Jun Map, there are two seals, namely "Chunhua Xuan Shu Zhen" and "Chunhua Xuan" Zhu Wenchang Square, indicating that this painting was originally hidden in Chunhua Xuan of Yuanmingyuan.
In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the British and French allied forces looted the Yuanmingyuan. This painting was looted from the Yuanmingyuan and then transferred to Japan, and was collected by Fukujiro Abe (1868- 1937).
Abe Fukujiro was a Japanese textile giant in the early 20th century. He was deeply influenced by Kansai sinologist Naito Hunan (1866- 1934) and Gao Na Yushan (1864- 1942) at that time, and bought paintings and calligraphy from Japan and China.
1May, 937, Jiro Abe died of illness. Before he died, he entrusted the collection collected from the society to his family, namely the Angelica Society.
1943, his eldest son, Jiro Abe, donated 160 pieces of ancient China paintings and calligraphy to Osaka City Art Museum, which became the pillar of the museum's early collection. This painting is still preserved in Osaka City Art Museum, Japan.
3. Forty Scenes of Yuanmingyuan
In the first month of the first year of Qianlong (1736), Li Hong immediately ordered Leng Mei, the painter of Ruyi Pavilion, to draw a sketch for each "temple" in Yuanmingyuan according to the 36 scenic spots of the summer resort drawn by Kangxi Dynasty. Shortly thereafter, Tang Dai and Shen Yuan were ordered to paint.
Shen Yuan painted houses, while Tang Dai painted earth, mountains, trees and stones. Later, Zhou Kun and others also participated in the drawing of this "Yuanmingyuan Album". At first, this group of pictures only painted 33 scenes.
In the sixth year of Qianlong, three maps of Fanghu Scenic Area, Pengdao Yaotai and Ciyunpu Lake were added. In September of the ninth year of Qianlong, four maps of Hongci Permanent, Fang Hui Academy, Deep Cave and Yueyunju were added, which eventually became the forty sights of Yuanmingyuan.
Because all the buildings in Yuanmingyuan have disappeared, Forty Scenes of Yuanmingyuan has become the most intuitive and vivid precious historical material for future generations to appreciate the scenery of Yuanmingyuan in its heyday, and it can also be called a national treasure.
In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the British and French allied forces looted and burned Yuanmingyuan, and 40 scenes of Yuanmingyuan were acquired by French Colonel Du Pin.
After Du Pan returned to France, on February 26th, 27th and 28th, respectively, 1862, a special auction was held at Duluoou auction house, including this set of 40 scenes of Yuanmingyuan.
4. Jinyou Gu Yong Cup
"Golden Ou Gu Yong Cup" means that the territory and political power of the Qing Dynasty will be eternal. "Jin 'ou Gu Yong Cup" is a special wine glass for the opening ceremony held by the Qing emperors on New Year's Day every year. There are seal characters of "Jin Ou Gu Yong" and "Qianlong Year System" on the rim of the cup.
According to the records in the archives of the Qing Dynasty's internal affairs office, Qianlong attached great importance to the production of the "Golden Ou Yonggu Cup", not only using precious materials such as gold, pearls and gems in the library, but also carefully drawing patterns before each process in the production process until the emperor was very satisfied.
According to Wallace's collection, this pair of "Golden Ou Cup" was acquired by French Colonel Du Pin from Yuanmingyuan in 1860 (the famous "Forty Scenes of Yuanmingyuan" was plundered by this person).
5. The River Map of Yulinshan
The map of Yushan Forest Valley is stamped with the seals of "Chunhua Xuan" and "Chunhua Xuan Shu Zhen", which is included in the continuation of Shiqu Baodi and proved to be the old collection of Chunhua Xuan in Yuanmingyuan.
In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Yuanmingyuan was looted and scattered among the people. This painting was once collected by Gu Wenbin, a Taoist temple in Ningshao, Zhejiang Province, and later acquired by TanJing, a great collector in Shanghai (191-1991).
On the eve of Shanghai's liberation, TanJing went to Hong Kong with calligraphy and painting, and served as the director of the Hong Kong Chinese Business Association. Because of a driving accident, he fought a life lawsuit and went to prison.
After being released on bail, I'm going to leave Macao. In order to prepare funds, I sold both the genuine products and the fine products at hand, and the income was 600 taels of gold at that time.
People's Network-Scholar: France Fontainebleau Palace collects more than 30,000 pieces of Yuanmingyuan cultural relics.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Twelve Animal Heads
Baidu encyclopedia-Yuanmingyuan