For a long time, regarding Ma Su's death, most people think that his written pledge is: If something goes wrong, the whole family will beg? At the same time, he did not listen to Zhuge Liang's instructions and made a fatal mistake in tactics, which led to the fiasco of the street pavilion. The first northern expedition fell short and failed to report to the "model"? What happened to my late emperor? Caused by ...
Bright into groundless, retreat to Hanzhong. After I went to prison, I cried for it. ? Reflection? Ma liangchuan
But when we open the history books, we can see from some details that there are still many doubts about the truth of Ma Su's death:
The written pledge to fulfill a military order is very clear: If something goes wrong, please ask the whole family. ? In the end, Zhuge Liang didn't kill his family. Therefore, the statement that Ma Su died of a written pledge to fulfill a military order remains to be verified. After Ma Su was beheaded by the Lost Street Pavilion. Zhuge Liang wrote three times to belittle himself. Zhuge Liang, as the trustee of Liu Bei, is the father of Liu Chan, the ruler of Shu, and shoulders the heavy responsibility of reviving the Han Dynasty. Is it necessary to do this? As an important minister of Shu, Fei Yi personally came to Hanzhong to congratulate Zhuge Liang after Ma Su's death: First, the Northern Expedition won four counties, and the people of Shu were happy; Secondly, Jiang Wei was captured by Guo Wei, and the Emperor of Shu was very happy. Third, the Prime Minister can unite 100,000 troops to attack Wei again. So, from the above three points, Ma Su's death is by no means a written pledge to fulfill a military order? Didn't report my special experience of my late emperor? It's as simple as that, considering the domestic situation of Shu Han at that time, it involves some political issues:
Transfer political contradictions with the death of Ma Su.
Generally speaking, Liu Bei's Shu-Han Group often gives us the impression that the monarch and the minister are United and complicated. However, this is not the case.
Since Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime, internal political contradictions have always existed and political struggles have been fierce. At that time, Liu Bei's Shu-Han regime consisted of three forces:
Local forces represented by Yizhou bureaucrats and strongmen originating in Luoyang. Liu Zhang's old forces represented by Li Yan. The emerging Shu-Han regime represented by Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. Compared with the first two forces, the forces represented by Liu Bei are foreign forces after all. When he was here, he was able to effectively control the situation, but when the situation was stable, such as the defeat of Shu in the Yiling War, the counties in South China and Central China immediately rebelled.
Liu Bei is so fashionable. After Liu Bei's death, the political struggle of the Shu-Han regime became more intense. For example, in 23 1 year, Li Yan, the minister of orphan care, was deposed as a citizen in the infighting in the imperial court.
Zhuge Liang, of course, also saw this. He knew very well that any decision he made in the Korean party struggle might bring himself a political crisis.
For example, during the first Northern Expedition, he made a mistake in military strategy: he did not take advantage of Wei Yan's weak and unguarded joint forces with Xiahou Mao to resist the enemy and built a rare fighter plane. But Zhuge Liang refused to adopt Wei Yan because there were too many people to waste words? Take the road of praise, follow the Qinling Mountains to the east, turn north when you reach the Meridian Valley, but you can reach Chang 'an in ten days. This plan. Instead, you took it? Take a flat road from Longxi and March according to law? Conservative strategy.
Zhuge Liang doesn't want to admit this strategic mistake, and he can't admit it, because it is very likely that he will become the target of the court and be at a disadvantage in political struggle.
The defeat of Masu Street Pavilion seems to have come at the right time. If Ma Su's defeat had not met Zhuge Liang's mistakes in strategic decision-making, we have reason to believe that this written pledge to fulfill a military order is just like waste paper. Why? Because according to the military order, the whole family should be beheaded according to the crime, but the fact is not, which shows that there is still room for retrogression. After all, the relationship between Zhuge Liang and Ma Su is unusual.
But in the face of the overall situation of Shu and its own political interests, this relationship is very weak, and Ma Su is dead anyway. At this time, the defeat of Jieting was used as an excuse to cover up its military position. Wonders of Woods Valley? Strategic mistakes, to avoid falling behind in the imperial political struggle. In addition, Zhuge Liang also showed the authorities of Shu the political stance of nepotism, shielding confidants and the basic attitude of running the army and the country, which set an example for eliminating the party struggle in Shu's imperial court and changed the main contradiction of the country from the political struggle contradiction in the imperial court to the war contradiction with Wei.
Cover up political mistakes through defeat
We all know that the defeat of the campaign was the loss of Masu's street pavilion, so what do you mean by political mistakes?
This has to start with three considerations about Mao Ru. At the beginning, if Liu Bei longed for wisdom, he finally got Kong Ming, who had already built a blueprint for Liu Bei's political strategy in Longzhong Dui:
The general is both the emperor's palace and loyal to the four seas. He is a hero, eager for wisdom. If there are advantages and interests, he will protect his rock resistance, he will be brave in the west and brave in the south, and he will do a good job in foreign relations and domestic politics with Sun Quan. If the world changes, a general will be ordered to lead Jingzhou troops to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. Who dares to meet the general without eating kettle pulp? If that's the case, we can think of everything, and the Han Dynasty can flourish. ? Zhuge Liang in Longzhong's alignment
However, these ideas eventually became fantasies.
From Liu Bei's reign as king in Hanzhong to Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, the Shu-Han regime experienced the fall of Zhang Guan, Jingzhou, Yiling, Liu Bei's reign as king and the rebellion in South China.
By the time of the Northern Expedition, the reality was getting farther and farther away from Longzhong's conception, and the decision of the Northern Expedition was also a mistake in political decision-making, because the banner of restoring the Han Dynasty after Liu Bei proclaimed himself no longer had appeal, and after Jingzhou fell, Sun and Liu Ye could not really form an alliance again. What should we do now? Protect its rock resistance? Cultivate living with the people, strengthen national strength and consolidate political power.
However, Zhuge Liang did not do so. On the contrary, in order to realize his political ambition, he changed his previous political line and led the army to the Northern Expedition. During the contest between the Northern Expedition and Wei Jun, Zhuge Liang gradually realized that Wei had invested all his strength to deal with it, and the strength between Wei and Shu was very different. At the same time, the Northern Expedition troops marched northward alone and eventually lost. Northern expedition? Is the revival of the Han Dynasty still in the old capital? The grand goal cannot be achieved.
In that case, instead of putting this? Unfortunate result? It is better to let Ma Su, who died after losing his street pavilion, bear military responsibility, so as to cover up the mistakes in political decision-making, and let Shu and Han soldiers and civilians keep the fantasy of restoring the Han Dynasty in Beiding Central Plains.