Biography of Du Fu
The Biography of Wenyuan in "Old Book of Tang"
Du Fu, courtesy name Zimei, was originally from Xiangyang, and later moved to Gong County, Henan. The great-grandfather followed Yi Yi and eventually became Gong Ling. Zu Shenyan, a member of the Zhongshan Department, Wai Lang, has his own biography. The father is free, but he always obeys the orders of heaven.
At the beginning of Tianbao period (note: it should be the end of Kaiyuan Dynasty), he was not admitted as a Jinshi. At the end of Tianbao, he presented three major gifts. Xuanzong was so surprised that he called for an examination and awarded the Jingzhao Prefecture Soldier Cao to join the army (note: it should be Youwei who led the mansion to join the army). In the fifteenth year, Lushan visited the capital, and Suzong conscripted Lingwu. He fled from the capital at night and went to Hexi (note: he had not yet arrived in Hexi). He visited Suzong in Pengyuan (note: it should be Fengxiang) and paid homage to You Shiyi (note: it should be Zuo Shiyi). When Fang [King Guan] was a commoner, he was good to Fu. At that time [the king] was the prime minister, and he asked his commander to punish the thieves, and the emperor agreed. In October of that year, [Wang Guan] was defeated by Chen Taoxie. Next spring, [the king's official] will be dismissed as prime minister. Fu Shang Shu said that [the king's official] was talented and should not be dismissed. Suzong was angry and demoted [Wang Guan] to the position of governor. When he was released, he became the Huazhou Sigong and joined the army. At that time, Guanfu was in chaos, and food was very expensive. He just settled in Tonggu County, Chengzhou (note: Qinzhou is excluded from Chengzhou). He collected wood at his own expense, and several of his children died of hunger. After a long time, he summoned the meritorious officials of Jingzhao Prefecture (note: the public's refusal to obey the orders of the meritorious officials was a matter of his residence in Zi and Lang in the first year of Emperor Guangde's reign).
In the winter of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, Yan Wu, the minister of Huangmen, Zheng Guogong, went to Chengdu (note: Wu Fan and Wu Zhen were in Chengdu. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, the governor of Mianzhou moved to Dongchuan Jiedu, and also eliminated Xichuan. It was in the second year of Daizong Guangde's reign that Huangmen Shilang was appointed commander of Jiannan again. also). Wu Yufu was old and well treated. He was impetuous by nature, without restraint, and relied on kindness to let loose. He boarded Wu's bed drunk, glared at Wu and said, "Yan Tingzhi is like this!" Although Wu was impatient and violent, he did not think it was disobedient. He just lived in Huanhuali, Chengdu, where he planted bamboos and trees, built a hut and pillowed the river, drank wine and sang songs, and had sex with Mr. Tian Fuye without any supervision. Yan Wu passed it. Sometimes not crowned. Such is his pride. In the summer of the first year of Yongtai, Wu died and had no one to rely on (Gong Zhi went to Shu to the east, as evidenced by Gong's poem, it should be before Yan Wu died).
And Guo Ying □ (the left part of "刈") Dai Wu Zhencheng, Ying □ warrior, rude, incompetent to visit, reluctant to travel to Eastern Shu, according to Gao Shi (Note: At that time, he was already in the official capital) Chao, not in Dongshu, the Duke is not suitable). It's time to die as soon as you arrive. At that year, Cui Ning killed Ying, and Yang Zilin conquered Xichuan. There was great chaos in Shu. He took his home to avoid the chaos in Jingchu (note: he lived in Kuiji for two years after leaving Shu, Shi Lu), and went down the gorge in a small boat. Before the boat was built, there was chaos in Jiangling (note: there was no police in Jiangling at that time), so he followed the Xiangliu River, visited Hengshan Mountain, and lived in Leiyang (note: from Heng to Chen, the boat stopped at Leiyang'er, but he did not even live in Leiyang). When I first tried to visit the Yue Temple, I was blocked by a flood (note: the water blockage was not in the Yue Temple), and I couldn't eat for ten days. Leiyang ordered him to know about it, and he returned by boat to welcome him back. In the second year of Yongtai (Note: regarded as the second year of Dali), he died in Leiyang overnight after eating beef and white wine (Note: this theory comes from a Tang novelist, it is not credible, it should be corrected with a public poem), at the age of fifty There are nine. Zizongwu died in Huxiang. During the Yuan Dynasty, Zongwu Ziye moved Fu's coffin from Leiyang (note: the Yuan family compiled the tomb system, there is no article from Leiyang) and was buried in front of Shouyang Mountain in the northwest of Yanshi.
Tianbao's late poet was as famous as Li Bai, but Bai boasted of his unrestrained literary style and ridiculed Li Bai for being dirty, just like the ridicule on the top of a mountain (note: Tang Dynasty's "Ben Shi Shi" says: Taibai joked with Du and said: "I met Du Fu on the top of the rice mountain, wearing a hat on his head and enjoying the afternoon sun. May I ask if I am too thin, because I always suffered from writing poems in the past." This poem is ridiculed by his restraint and is not included in the Taibai Collection, so it is not credible). During the Yuan Dynasty, the poet Yuan Zhen discussed the merits and demerits of Li and Du. Since then, those who belong to the literary class have regarded Zhen's theory as the correct one.
The Biography of "New Tang Poems"
Zimei, a young man who was poor and unresponsive, visited Wu, Chu, Qi and Zhao. Li Yong was curious about his talent and went to see it first. If he fails to win the imperial examination, he will be trapped in Chang'an. In the 13th year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong presented the Taiqing Palace, the Temple of Food and the suburbs to the imperial court, and he wrote three poems about it (note: the public offering of odes was in the 10th year of Tianbao). The emperor was surprised, and sent him to the Jixian Academy, ordered the prime minister to test articles, and promoted him to Hexi Wei, but he refused. He changed his right guard to lead the governor of the government to join the army. Several poems were written, because Gao claimed to be Taoist, and said: "I have been a minister since I was a Confucian scholar. In the eleventh generation, I reviewed the words and wrote articles to show the Zhongzong period. I Lai Xuye has been a Ci since he was seven years old, and For forty years, the clothes did not cover the body, and the food was often given to people. The emperor was pitiful about him, but if he told the story of his ancestors, he would be humiliated for a long time, and the story of the minister would be insufficient. He advocated the Six Classics, first chanted the disciples, and when he became depressed and depressed, he was quick and agile, and Yang Xiong and Mei Gao could match him. How could your Majesty abandon him? After entering Shu, he avoided Sanchuan (note: Sanchuan County belongs to [Lu] Prefecture). When Emperor Suzong was established, he came from [Lu] State and wanted to run around, but he was captured by thieves. In the second year of his virtue, he died in Fengxiang. He went to visit him and paid homage to Zuo to pick up his relics. I made friends with Fang [King Guan] as a commoner. [Wang Guan] At that time, Chen Taoxie was defeated, and he invited Dong Tinglan as a guest, deposing him as prime minister. It is not appropriate for ministers to be exempted from the fine details of their crimes. The emperor was angry and ordered the three ministers to ask questions. Prime Minister Zhang Hao said: "If you want to pay for the crime, then you must stop talking." The emperor said it. He thanked him and said: "[Wang Guan] is the prime minister's son. He has established himself in a young age. He is a mellow Confucian scholar and has the courtesy of a minister. At that time, it was said that [Wang Guan] was worthy of serving as a public servant, and His Majesty accepted him. Watching him think deeply about the Lord. Worry, righteousness is reflected in color. However, his nature is lost in simplicity, and he is fond of drums and harps. He is poor, sick and old, and he cherishes human kindness, and the ministers sigh. Before the success was achieved, my ambition was frustrated, so I risked my life to express my gratitude for the criticism and disobedience to the Holy Heart. Your Majesty spared my life and gave you my body. I am not the only one in the world to be blessed." However, the emperor was not very careful about records.
At that time, the invaders were seizing the place, and my family lived in [Lu]. They had a difficult time, and the children were so weak that they starved to death, because Xu Fu went to visit his relatives. From returning to the capital, (note: the weak starved to death, this is the current event from the capital in the 14th year of Tianbao. If he went to [Lu] to welcome his family, it would be in the second year of Zhide) to join the army as a minister of Huazhou. Guan Fu was hungry (note: the capital east of Geng was destroyed and his hometown could not be returned), so he often abandoned his official position. Traveling to Qinzhou, I collected oak and chestnuts with no salary to support myself. He lived in Jiannan and settled in Xiguo, Chengdu. He summoned Cao Cao to join the army, but he did not arrive (note: these two sentences should be under "going to Yiyan"). Huiyan Wujie traveled to Jiannan and Dongxichuan, and then went to Yiyan. Wu Zaishui, Jiannan, was named Wailang, a member of the Staff, Inspection and Engineering Department. Wu Yi was old, treated him very well, and went to his home personally. As soon as I saw it, I might not be wearing it. However, he was impetuous and arrogant by nature. He climbed onto Wu's bed and stared at him, saying: "Yan Tingzhi has such a son!" One day, he wanted to kill Zhang Yi, the governor of Zizhou, and gathered officials at his door. When the general comes out, his crown is hooked on the third curtain. Bai Qiu's mother was left and right, and when he was able to save his life, he killed the Yi alone. Wu soldiers, Cui [Ri Qian] and other troublemakers came and went between Zi and Kui. In the Dali period, I left Qutang, went down to Jiangling, and went back to Yuanxiang to climb Hengshan Mountain. Because I was visiting Leiyang, I visited Yue Temple. A flood came suddenly and I couldn't eat for ten days. The county magistrate brought a boat to welcome him, so he was able to return. He was fed cattle roasted with white wine and became extremely drunk. He died in the same year (note: the error in this paragraph is the same as in the old history) at the age of fifty-nine.
When I was just in the open, I didn’t check myself. I liked to talk about world affairs, but I was too high-minded. He was as famous as Li Bai, and was called "Li Du" at that time. When I passed through Bianzhou from Baiji to Gaoshi, I was drunk, climbed to the blowing stage, and was so generous and nostalgic that I couldn't predict the past. I have experienced bandits and chaos several times, but I have been honest and untainted. He sings poems and expresses his weakness when he is hurt. His love never forgets you, and people pity him for his loyalty.
Praise: In the Xing Dynasty of Tang Dynasty, poets inherited the romantic style of Chen and Sui Dynasties, and they were both frivolous and conceited. In the Song Dynasty, Zhiwen, Shen Quanqi, etc., studied the sound, and the relief and cut were not bad, and the rhythmic poems were followed by others. He was caught in Kaiyuanjian and slightly cut to be elegant and upright. However, those who rely on beauty will be betrayed, those who love beauty will be strong, and everyone will be able to get everything, and they will all claim their own strengths. At the end of the day, there was a vast expanse of water, a vast collection of thousands of shapes, both ancient and modern. If others are not enough, they will be disgusted with the rest. The residual ointment is better than the fragrance, and there are many descendants of beggars. Therefore, Yuan Zhen said that the poet has come, but there is no one as beautiful as Zi. He was also good at describing current affairs, and his rhymes were profound, and he was known as "Poetry and History" in the world. Han Yu of Changli was cautious in approving the articles. As for the songs and poems, he only recommended: "With Li Du's articles, the glory will last forever."
Yuan Zhen wrote an inscription on the tomb of Du Jun, a member of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of the Tang Dynasty (composed by Jiangling Shi Cao)
The narrative says: I read the poems until Du Zimei came to know the great and small things All the highlights. During the reign of Yao and Shun, the emperor and his ministers harmonized each other with Geng songs, which were continued by later poets. Over the course of more than a thousand years during the Xia, Yin, and Zhou dynasties, Zhongni Ji collected and selected 300 poems, selecting the best ones for intervention and enlightenment, and the rest are unknown. The poet's work is full of resentment and resentment, but it is still comparable to elegance and elegance. The Qin and Han Dynasties have returned, and the officials who collected poems have been abolished. The people of the world have praised the demon ballads, sung satirical poems, and composed playful lyrics over time. By the time Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty composed the poem "Bai Liang", the seven-character style became popular. Disciples of Su Ziqing and Li Shaoqing, especially Gongwei Wuyan. Although the sentences are read in different rhythms and the pronunciation of elegance and zheng is also mixed, the meaning of the words is simple and far-reaching, referring to things and emotions, since they are not intentional, so the writing is not rash. After Jian'an, literati all over the world were killed in battles. Cao and his son wrote while riding and riding, often composing poems horizontally. Its majestic and uplifting works, which depict injustice, sorrow and separation, are particularly unique in ancient times. The style of the Jin Dynasty still exists. Between the Song and Qi Dynasties, the fundamentals of education were lost. Scholars valued conciseness, study, and ease, and their writings were valued for their style, appearance, color, openness, simplicity, and purity. Gai Yin writes about the spirit and lingers about the scenery. The meaning is meaningless. The mausoleum was later arrived at Liang and Chen, and was decorated with obscene carvings and frivolous and trivial poems and dramas, which the Song and Qi Dynasties did not adopt.
The Tang Dynasty was booming, and official promotions were greatly promoted. Throughout the ages, capable writers have come out of each other. However, people like Shen and Song Dynasty studied it carefully and steadily, and called it rhymed poetry. From then on, the style of literature changed greatly. However, it is impossible not to keep the ancients close to the past, and to practice the Chinese ones; if you follow the Qi and Liang Dynasties, they will not be as good as those of the Wei and Jin Dynasties; if Gongyuefu is weak, it will be weak in Wuyan; if the rhythm is cut, the bones will not be preserved, and if you are free, you will be delicate and unprepared. As for Zimei, the so-called elegance at the top, the Shen and Song dynasties at the bottom, Yan seizes Su and Li, swallows up Cao and Liu with anger, hides his face and thanks his aloofness, mixes Xu and Yu's fluidity, and captures the ancient and modern postures. Everyone is unique and special. Asking Zhongni to forge the essence of his purpose, I don’t know how expensive it is, there are so many of them. If you try to do everything you can, there will be no one as beautiful as Zi since the time of the poet.
At that time, Li Bai, a native of Shandong, was also named after his strange writing, and people at the time called him "Li Du". I watched the majestic waves letting go, letting go of restraints, imitating objects, and Yuefu songs and poems, and the sincerity was also inferior to Zi Mei. If it is laid out from beginning to end, paralleling the sound and rhyme, it can be as long as a thousand words, or hundreds of times, the words are bold and the style is clear and profound, the rhythm is sharp and breaks away from the ordinary, then Li Shang cannot live up to his vassal and Han Dynasty, what a profound situation!
I would like to analyze the article in detail, and the style and style should be related to each other. It happened that Ziye, the grandson of Zimei, opened Zimei's coffin and assisted him in Yanshi. On the way to Jing, Ya knew that Yu Ai said that his great father was Wen, and he worshiped Yu as Zhi. The words cannot be extinguished. Because I was an official, I was inscribed with the cloud of his death and burial.
The line says: In the past, Yangchenghou was named Du. He was born in the tenth generation and was appointed to Gong. Yisheng is a judge of words, a good judge of words and poems, and he is an official in the dining department. Examining words leads to leisure, leisure brings prosperity; leisure is to obey the order of heaven. His courtesy name was Zimei, and he presented three great gifts in the Tianbao. Emperor Ming was so surprised that he ordered the prime minister to test his writing. If he was good at writing, he was awarded the right guard to lead the governor of the palace. The capital was in chaos, so I went to visit him on foot and paid my respects to Zuo to pick up his relics. When he was more than a year old, he lost his official position because of his outspoken words. He became a meritorious official in Huazhou and moved to Beijing to look for a meritorious official. During the Jiannan Festival, Yan Wuzhuang was appointed as a member of the Ministry of Industry, serving as a military adviser.
After turning around and abandoning it, the boat went down to Jing and Chu, where he stayed and died in Yueyang at the age of fifty-nine. His wife, Hongnong, was a daughter of the Yang family, and her father was Sinong Shaoqingyi, who died at the age of forty-nine. The heir, named Zongwu, was ill and could not be buried, so he died and his son was ordered to inherit the industry. The heir was poor and had no money to pay for the funeral. He had to work hard day and night to collect beggars. It was difficult for him to live for forty years after the death of Zimei and then die.
The inscription says: On a certain day of a certain month in Guisi and Guizhou in Weiyuanhe, my Du Zimei is in front of Shouyang Mountain. Alas! After thousands of years, it is called Mr. Wen's ancient tomb.
Pu Qilong writes and reads Du's outline
Du's collection should not be called thatched cottage. One of the special apartments in the thatched cottage should not live this long.
When you read Du Du's sentences and think about them word by word, you must read them in one breath. If there are several poems in one question, read them one chapter at a time. It also takes a while to read them all together. The whole poem is actually coherent.
Read Du Xunai’s clumsy sentences, rash sentences, ruthless sentences, substantial sentences, blunt sentences and rough sentences.
Tianbaojian's poems are mostly composed of three categories: joy in fame, anger in encounters, and sorrow in chaos.
On the occasion of Xuan and Su, there are many subtle words. Readers should discard unfavorable opinions, slanderous opinions, and blame-seeking opinions. Lao Du loves the king, he is worried before things happen, he is sarcastic when something happens, and he is sad afterward. Take a shot here, the world will be thick and thin.
Visiting Qinzhou is the beginning of being a guest. That day, I went back to the west of my hometown, because the eastern capital was attacked, and my family was destroyed and people were scattered. As long as Hebei is not prosperous, Dongdu will be restless. Knowing this, the second half of the poem is finished. The old genealogy of this biography also said that it was Guan Fuxing, and there was no negotiation.
The poem in Sichuan is only covered by the sentence "The officials outside the sword are cold". Had he not met Yan Wu, the fleas would have gone eastward. Shikou in Kuizhou just wants to get out of the gorge, and Shikou in Jingzhou and Hunan just wants to return north.
It is said that Du never forgets you every time he eats. However, I can only say that the writing is bad. Imagine a poem that is meant to be personal, but gratuitously inserts national affairs in the middle, or ends with a hint of political affairs. It is mindless and has no structure. That's not the case with Mr. Du. For example, in the poem "Hateful Farewell", "Hearing that Heyang is approaching to win, Situ is anxious to defeat Youyan", hoping that he will eliminate the cause of trouble and make plans for returning home. The poem "Out of the Gorge" says, "The courtiers also wear military uniforms, and the king is in Zhanlu", "Five clouds are high in Taijia, and June is open to support", which means that the country is in chaos and is martial, and it is shameful to be in the same category as Jia soldiers, so it is also to the southeast. Based on this, the world is still the body. Tai Shigong's "Biography of Qu Ping" said that he "cared about the monarch and the country, and never forgot his desire to rebel. If the monarch refused, he would change the custom. However, there was nothing he could do, so he could not rebel." These words were licking Du's nostrils. When Yi Xin came to Qinzhou in the past, he was involved in the rebellion of the bandits, and he did not serve to assist the famine. That was the whole story.
Some of Daizong's dynasty poems are not similar to the history of the country. History does not say that Hebei is troubled, but Zi Mei is worried about it every day; history does not say that the imperial court despises Confucianism, but this is often seen in poems. It can be seen that historians can only record temporary deeds, while poets can only record temporary luck. The beauty of poetry is nowhere to be found in history. If you pick up a dead sentence and look for proof, there is nothing wrong.
Du Shihe read ancient books. Young children will pick up hundreds of chapters and become familiar with them. Their temperament will naturally be sincere, their ambitions will naturally be honest, their minds will naturally be broad-minded, and their spirits will naturally be inspired. To read Du's poems is not to learn how to compose them.