What is the historical overview of the pre-Qin period?

Su Qin, with a hanging beam on his head, was born in Chengxuanli, Luoyang, Eastern Zhou Dynasty during the Warring States Period. Su Qin is a native of Luoyang. Although he was born in a poor family, he has great ambitions. Su Qin has traveled around the world for several years, but he has accomplished nothing, so he has to go home in a mess. Su Qin felt very ashamed when his family laughed at him, so he asked his mother to sell her property and then travel around the world. From then on, Su Qin stayed at home, took out the gift given to him by Master when he came down the mountain-Jiang Ziya's Yin Fu, and studied at his desk day and night. In order to seize the time to study, Su Qin also came up with a good idea. When he studies, he ties his hair with a rope and hangs it on the beam. If he dozes off, his hair will wake him up. Late at night, if you feel sleepy, stab yourself in the thigh with an awl, so that you can stay awake. This is the origin of the idiom "head hanging beam, awl stabbing stock". The stories of hundred schools of thought, three religions and nine streams, five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and seven heroes in the Warring States Period occurred in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. There are countless stories and idioms in this period. Thinkers include Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Mozi, Han Feizi and so on. Political and military figures include Guan Zhong, Le Yi, grandson, Sun Bin, Wuqi, Shang Yang, Qin Qichu, Zhao Yan, Wei Han and so on. There are also Qu Yuan, Bian Que, Li Si, Lv Buwei, Tian Ji Horse Racing, Ximen Bao Governing Ye, Jing Ke stabbing the King of Qin, and so on, which are like brilliant outstanding figures of Xinghan. The historical stories of this period are summarized as idioms in particular, such as: attacking the country under false pretenses, staying away from home, mustering, returning to Zhao intact, Shang Yang's political reform, uniting Lian Heng, barking dogs and stealing chickens, encircling Wei to save Zhao ... staying away from home: during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was civil strife in the State of Jin, and Zhong Er, the son of Jin Xiangong, fled to Chu. King Chu Cheng took him in and entertained him. He promised that if there was a war in Jin Chu, the Jin army would retreat from three houses (one house was three miles). Later, Zhong Er returned to the state of Jin with the help of Qin Mugong. The State of Jin supported the conflict between Song and Chu, and the two armies met in Chengpu. Zhong Er stayed away, luring the enemy in depth and winning. It's a blockbuster: According to legend, Chu Zhuangwang (another name is Qi Weiwang) spent three years in politics, having fun all day long, and ignored state affairs. A courtier said to Zhuang Wang, "I heard that there is a big bird in the country that doesn't fly for three years and doesn't sing for three years. What's the matter?" Zhuang Wang said: "This bird will fly if it doesn't fly, and it will soar into the sky; If you don't sing, it will be a blockbuster. " Then, we will rectify the state affairs, enrich Qiang Bing, and form a situation of great governance in just a few years. Resting on one's salary and tasting courage: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, defeated and captured Gou Jian, the king of Yue. Gou Jian fed horses to Fu Cha for three years, and was tortured. After returning home, he decided to take revenge and rejuvenate the country. He asked Fan Li to help train the army, hired talented people, took part in labor himself and insisted on sleeping on firewood. He had to taste a gall bladder before every meal, and finally destroyed the State of Wu. The old horse knows the way: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong led troops to defeat the invasion of Shanrong State at the request of Yan State; Milu, the king of Shanrong, fled to solitary bamboo country to ask for reinforcements, and Guan Zhong followed Qi Huangong to defeat the reinforcements of solitary bamboo country. On the way back to China, the Qi army was trapped by the introduction of a false guide. Guan Zhong suggested using an old horse to lead the way to save the day. Offer a humble apology: During the Warring States Period, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, two important ministers of the State of Zhao, were named prime minister by the King of Zhao because of Lin Xiangru's many meritorious deeds. Lian Po was unconvinced and thought that his martial arts had overshadowed his mouth. Lin Xiangru avoided Lian Po many times for the sake of the country. Lian Po was ashamed when he learned of his good intentions, so he went to Lin Xiangru's house to confess his sins behind his back. From then on, the two made up and became friends with each other. On paper: During the Warring States Period, Zhao Kuo, the son of Zhao She, a famous Warring States soldier, was well-read in the art of war, and was able to talk about the use of troops. Even his father could not beat him, and he thought he was invincible in the world. Zhao She thinks he is an armchair strategist and doesn't know the traffic. Later, Zhao She died, and Zhao Kuo took Lian Po's place. Lin Xiangru and others strongly opposed it. The prince of Zhao insisted that Zhao Kuo lost 4, troops in the battle of Changping. Three orders and five applications: Sun Wuliu lived in Wu, and the king of Wu wanted to test Sun Wu's military talents, so he handed over 18 young ladies-in-waiting to Sun Wu for practice. Sun Wu divided the ladies-in-waiting into two teams, and made the prince's favorite concubine the captain. After Sun Wu confessed the password to the ladies-in-waiting, he drummed the command, and the ladies-in-waiting burst into laughter and the team was in chaos. Sun Wu gave the order again, but the ladies-in-waiting only thought it was fun and didn't listen to it at all. Sun Wu said that since he had understood the order and didn't listen to it, it was the crime of the leader and ordered the two captains to be put to death. The prince of Wu hurriedly ordered that the princess could not be killed, but Sun Wu still killed two princesses. Then, Sun Wu rehearsed the ladies-in-waiting, and this time no one dared not listen to orders. Hu Fu Riding and Shooting: During the Warring States Period, King Wu Ling, the monarch of the State of Zhao, was determined to change and strive for strength. King Wuling saw that the Hu people (ethnic minorities) were dressed in short sleeves and plain clothes, riding horses, shooting arrows while running, and their actions were quick and flexible, so he decided to learn from the Hu people, reform soldiers' clothing and develop cavalry. In less than a year's time, Zhao had a powerful cavalry. After fighting in the south, Zhao became one of the powerful countries at that time. Stealing symbols to save Zhao: During the Warring States Period, the State of Qin sent troops to besiege Handan, the capital of Zhao. Zhao asked Wei for help, and Wei sent troops to save Zhao. When Qin heard that Wei sent troops to save Zhao, he sent people to Wei to threaten Wang Wei. Wang Wei succumbed to Qin and ordered Wei Bing who went to save Zhao to stay put. Zhao Wang wrote to Xin Lingjun, the son of Wei State, for help. Xinlingjun once avenged the death of his father for Wang Wei's favorite concubine Ruji. Xinlingjun asked Ruji to steal the military code from Wang Wei, thus seizing the military power, leading tens of thousands of soldiers to Handan, defeating Qin Jun and solving the siege of Handan. During the Spring and Autumn Period when Zhuan Zhu killed Wu Wangliao, there was a power struggle within the State of Wu. Gongziguang (later He Lv, the king of Wu) hired Zhuan Zhu to assassinate Wu Wangliao, a rival to the throne. On the day of the incident, the son entertained Wang Liao and secretly ambushed Jiabing indoors. Wang Liao also took precautions, ordered people to be full of ranks along the way, and deployed his cronies around the steps of doors and windows. The guards standing in the middle of the road were all armed with long beryllium. When the wine was hot, the son pretended to have a foot disease and retreated into the inner room. At this time, Zhuan Zhu appeared! He gave full play to his imagination and subjective initiative, creatively hid the dagger in the belly of the fish and pretended to offer food to Wang Liao. When you get to Wang Liao, it's too late to say that! Zhuan Zhu suddenly tore open the belly of the fish, took out a dagger and stabbed Wang Liao! Wang Liao was killed on the spot. Unfortunately, Zhuan Zhu was immediately killed by the guards. Childe light while the other leaderless, quick life ambush military attack Wang Liao's attendants, all will be so. In memory of Zhuan Zhu, He Lv, the king of Wu, named the son of Zhuan Zhu as Shangqing. -This incident changed the situation of the State of Wu. Sun Wu, Wu Zixu, etc. were appointed to manage the State of Wu in an orderly way, becoming a big country and breaking the capital of Chu, which was a great success. Later, wuyue's hegemony was also caused by Zhuan Zhu's killing of Wu Wangliao to some extent. [Fu Cha is the son of Gongzi Guangzi]. Zhuan Zhu's killing of Wu Wangliao was a high-level assassination, which was novel and earth-shattering. Zhuan Zhu should be awarded the "Best Creative Assassin". Jingke stabbed Jingke, the king of Qin, to the top of his name. Don't tell me that you don't know his story. "The wind is raining and the water is cold, and the strong man will never return when he is gone" has become a swan song. Although Jing Ke's assassination ended in failure, its influence on history was enormous. Jing Ke's stabbing of the king of Qin accelerated the demise of the six countries and inspired people's courage to resist tyranny. Jing Ke has been praised by people for generations, which is well known to women and children. The most famous assassin in history belongs to him. His story is also a hot topic in literature, TV series and movies, and is deeply loved by everyone. It is suggested that Comrade Jing Ke be awarded the "Most Famous Assassin Award". Nie Zheng has his name except Korean biography of the assassin. Nie Zheng is a butcher, and being a knight-errant is a hobby. However, Nie Zheng was born to be an assassin's material, and he became famous all over the world after he showed his fists and feet, and there was an endless stream of customers who came to contact the business. One day, Korean aristocrat Yan Zhongzi came to him with gold and sincerity, asking him to get rid of South Korean Prime Minister Xia Lei. Nie Zheng politely said politely decline. Yan Zhongzi was unhappy: "Do you play big cards?" Zheng said, "No, because my mother is alive and my sister is unmarried, I can't die." Soon, Nie Zheng's mother passed away, and Yan Zhongzi came to mourn and hold the ceremony of parents and children. Nie Zheng was deeply moved. After the mother was buried, Nie Zheng rushed to marry her sister and followed Nakako to assassinate Xia Tired. When the hero made a move, it was really extraordinary. As the Prime Minister, Xia Tired had dozens of guards, but he was killed by Nie Zheng, a martial arts expert, from the outside of the Prime Minister's Office, and was stabbed with a sword. At this time, the guards gathered around. Seeing that Nie Zheng could not escape, he decided to commit suicide by raising his sword. Before dying, he gouged out his eyes with a long sword and cut his face into a pile of paste. There is only one purpose for the hero to do this: not to let people recognize him, so as not to implicate his dear and bad karma sister! In order to know who the assassin was, the South Korean government posted a notice saying that anyone who could recognize the body would be offered a reward of 1,2 yuan. When Nie Zheng's sister Nie Rong heard about it, she decided that it was her younger brother's doing, so she went to Nie Zheng's body in desperation and burst into tears. The official asked her, aren't you afraid of being implicated? Nie Rong said: "The reason why my brother did this is to prevent you from recognizing him, so as to save me. But in this way, isn't his reputation buried? Can I let my brave brother die in obscurity to save myself? " After that, Nie Rong shouted three times, and he died beside his brother. It seems that "the most shocking assassin" must belong to Nie Zheng. [The source of the article is copyrighted by JFrS5e〗, the military network of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period] Zhu Hai Hammer Jin Bi Remember the Biography of Wei Gongzi Xinling Jun in the Chinese textbook? Zhu Hai is a strange man in that biography, a little mysterious and unpredictable, hiding in the streets and killing pigs for a living. In 257 BC, the king of Qin sent an army to besiege Zhao, and Zhao was in danger. He sent messengers to Wei for help, and Wei sent Jin Bi to lead a hundred thousand troops to reinforce him. When the king of Qin learned the news, he began to threaten Wang Wei. Wang Wei was afraid, and Jin Bi, who was in a hurry, stopped moving. Xin Lingjun knew that his lips were dead and his teeth were cold. He urged Wang Wei to send troops to save Zhao several times, but Wang Wei just stayed put. Xin Lingjun didn't want to do nothing, so he raised his own chariots and horses and went to help Zhao with his disciples. When passing through the city gate, Hou Ying [Wei people in the Warring States Period. Originally a doorman guarding the city gate, it was not until he was 7 years old that Xin Lingjun regarded him as a guest of honor. He told him face to face: Don't act rashly, son. I have a clever plan. Xinlingjun followed the plan, stole the roller from Wang Wei's favorite, and took Zhu Hai to Jin Bi to seize the military power. Comrade Zhu Hai killed Jin Bi with a hammer on the spot. So Xin Lingjun successfully seized the relieving power, commanded the army to save Zhao, finally repelled Qin Jun and saved Zhao. It is suspected that the biography of the Big Hammer was written by this Julius. Later, I don't know if Zhang Zifang was inspired by Zhu Hai's humble hammer, but he also invited someone to hammer the emperor. Unfortunately, it was a big loss, otherwise history would be rewritten again. Zhu Lishi will hit it with one blow, and his weapon is strange, which can be described as "the most standard". Three schools of thought never forget what happened in the Jin Dynasty, but they are the teachers of the future: According to Zhao Ceyi, the Warring States Policy, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the power of the State of Jin fell into the hands of Zhi, Zhao, Wei and Han Siqing, and Jin Dinggong actually became a puppet. In 458 BC (in the Warring States Period), Jin Dinggong sent messengers to ask Qi and Lu to send troops to crusade against Siqing. SiQing got the news and sent troops to attack Jin Dinggong. Unable to resist, Dinggong was forced to flee and died on the road. After Dinggong's death, the imperial clan Ji Jiao was established as the monarch, which was called Jin Aigong in history. Zhiqing Zhi Bo monopolized the power of state affairs and became the biggest minister in the state of Jin. Other Sanqing Zhao Xiangzi, Wei Huanzi and Han Kang all dare not compete with him. Zhi Bo asked Wei Huanzi and Han Kang Zi for land respectively. When he asked Zhao Xiangzi to cede land, he was severely rejected. Zhi Bo was very angry and immediately sent a command to Wei Huanzi and Han Kang Zi to send troops to attack Zhao Xiangzi with him. Zhao Xiangzi estimated that Zhi Bo would attack him, so he was busy talking to Zhang Meng, an adviser. Zhang Meng suggested going to Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi) to resist. In Jinyang, Zhao Xiangzi found that there were few weapons capable of fighting. Zhang Meng talked and advised: "The fence here is made of wood with a height of more than one foot, and the temple pillars are made of copper. These are good materials for making weapons." Zhi Bo led Wei and Han to attack Jinyang, but Zhi Bo couldn't win because Wei and Han didn't want to work for Zhi Bo. Jinyang was flooded by Zhi Bo, and was besieged for three years. Because of the water on the ground, ordinary people put up sheds in trees to live in, and the food in the city was almost finished. Many people became sick from cold and hunger, and their morale began to waver. One day, Zhang Meng met Zhao Xiangzi and said, "Wei and Han were forced to do so. I'm going to explain their interests to them and mobilize them to turn their backs on Zhao and destroy Zhi Bo together." Zhao Xiangzi was very happy to hear this and thanked him again and again. That night, Zhang Meng talked about sneaking into Wei and Han Ying, persuaded Wei Huanzi and Han Kang Zi, and decided that the three families would unite to destroy Zhi Bo, and after the job was done, they would share the territory of Zhishi equally. On the appointed day, Zhao, Wei and Han jointly attacked, killing Zhijun and fleeing, and Zhi Bo was captured. From then on, the state of Jin became a situation in which Zhao, Wei and Han were divided. One day, Zhang Meng said goodbye to Zhao Xiangzi. Zhao Xiangzi hurried to retain. Zhang Meng said: "What you want is to repay my contribution, and what I want is the truth of governing the country. It is precisely because of my great contribution that my reputation will even surpass yours that I decided to leave. In history, no monarch and minister have the same power and always get along well with each other. The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future Please let me go. " Zhao Xiangzi had to agree with regret. Zhang Meng talked about resigning from his official position, returning his fief, and living in seclusion in the negative family hill, where he spent his old age safely. Later generations changed the phrase "Never forget the past, the teacher of the future" to "Never forget the past, the teacher of the future" as an idiom to remind people to remember the lessons of the past for future reference. Encircling Wei to save Zhao: During the Warring States Period, Wei was always invaded by Qin. After King Anli of Wei acceded to the throne, Qin stepped up its attack and Wei was defeated again and again. In the first year of King Anli, Qin attacked Wei, and Wei lost two towns. In the second year, Wei lost three more towns. Not only that, Qin's army was approaching the capital of Wei at that time, and the situation was very critical. South Korea sent troops to rescue, but it was also defeated by Qin Jun. Wei had no choice but to cede the land to end the war; But in the third year, Qin attacked again, seized two towns in Wei and killed tens of thousands of people. In the fourth year, Qin defeated the armies of Wei, Han and Zhao together, killing 15, soldiers. The general of Wei, Mangmao, also disappeared. The successive defeats of the Wei army made King Anli uneasy. At this point, another general of Wei army, Duan qianzi, was also very afraid. In order to have a safe life, he proposed to Anli Wang Jian, cut Nanyang to Qin, and asked for a truce. Anli Wang was very afraid of Qin Jun's attack, thinking that peace could be achieved by ceding the land, so he did as Duan Ganzi said. At that time, there was a man named Su Dai, the younger brother of Su Qin, who always advocated "uniting against Qin". He also strongly advocated that the vassal states unite against Qin. When Su Dai learned that Wei had ceded territory for peace, he said to King Anli: "The invaders are insatiable. It is impossible for you to use territory and sovereignty in this way in exchange for peace. As long as your land is still there, you can't satisfy the desire of the invaders. This is like holding firewood to put out the fire. How can the fire be put out when firewood is thrown into the fire one by one? The fire will not go out until the firewood is burned out. " However, King Anli refused to listen to Su Dai's words, and still bent his knees to make peace. After a few years, Wei was finally destroyed by Qin.