1, Li Qingzhao: Li Qingzhao (1March 08413-155), No.1, was born in Zhangqiu, qi zhou (now Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, Shandong Province). The representative poet of graceful and restrained school in Song Dynasty is known as "the first talented woman in the ages". Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and had a good life in his early years. His father Li has a rich collection of books.
She laid a literary foundation in a good family environment when she was a child. After marriage, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting inscriptions. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. Shaoxing died in the 25th year (1 155). In Li Qingzhao's ci, she wrote about leisure life in the early stage and lamented her life experience in the later stage, feeling sentimental.
In art, he makes good use of line drawing, forms his own school and uses beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words. He is the author of Yi Lee An Ji, Yi 'an Jushi Anthology, Yi 'an Ci and so on, which have been lost. Later generations compiled Yu Shu Ji and Yu Shu Ci. There is a collection of Li Qingzhao today.
2. Yan Shu: Yan Shu (99 1-1055) was born in Linchuan County, Fuzhou (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi). China was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Yan Shu was able to write articles since she was a child. In the second year of Jingdezhen (1005), he was recruited as a child prodigy, given the background of Jinshi and served as a secretary. Tired of moving to Zhi Zhi for a patent and a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. Song Zhenzong appreciates people's caution. After Song Renzong acceded to the throne, he advised Liu to listen to politics and give lectures to Renzong in the Hall of Chongzheng. At one time, he was promoted to the rank of deputy envoy of the Council. Later, he realized that he should be rich because he offended Queen Liu.
3. Liu Yong: Liu Yong (about 987- about 1053), formerly known as Sanbian, with the word Jingzhuang, later renamed Yong, with the word Yiqing, also known as Liu Qi and Chong 'an (now Wuyishan, Fujian), was a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty and a representative of the graceful school. Liu Yong was born in an official's family. He studied poetry when he was young and had the ambition to make a name for himself. In the fifth year of Xianping (1002), Liu Yong left his hometown and moved to Hangzhou and Suzhou, indulging in the romantic life of listening to music and buying laughter.
4. Li Yu: Li Yu (August, 937 15-August, 978 13), formerly known as Zhong Yin, also known as An Baili, No.,Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty. Born in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), his ancestral home is Pengcheng (now tongshan district, Xuzhou, Jiangsu). The last monarch and poet in the Southern Tang Dynasty. The sixth son of Li Jing, the master of the Southern Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of Li Yu's career, he was appointed as the Duke of Anding, moved to General Zhu Wei and Deputy Marshal, and became the King of Zheng. Later renamed the King of Wu, he moved to the East Palace and was appointed to supervise the country. In the second year of the Stegosaurus (96 1), Li Jing died, and Li Yu succeeded to the throne, continuing to respect the Song Dynasty as orthodoxy and offering annual tribute to protect peace.
Brief introduction of graceful and restrained school
Graceful and restrained school is a school of China's Song Ci. Graceful, that is, tactfully implicit. Its main characteristics are that the content focuses on children's amorous feelings, the structure is profound and meticulous, the melody is euphemistic and harmonious, the language is round and beautiful, and there is a kind of femininity. The representatives of graceful and restrained school are Liu Yong, Zhang Xian, Yan Shu, Yan, Ouyang Xiu, Qin Guan, He Zhu, Zhou Bangyan, Li Qingzhao and Li Yu.
The theory of "bold and graceful" and "graceful and restrained" was first seen in the Book of Poetry: "The style of words is slightly different: one is graceful and restrained, and the other is bold and restrained. Elegant people want to express their feelings, while uninhibited people want to make their weather magnificent. There is another unique person in the Beggars' Sect. For example, Qin Shaoyou's works are graceful and restrained, while Su Zizhan's works are bold and unrestrained. In general, the style of words is graceful. " The word "graceful" appeared in the ancient book Guoyu Wuyu in the pre-Qin period, so it was graceful. It is said that "graceful and restrained" means gentle and graceful.
Its content mainly describes the love between men and women, the feeling of parting, the sadness of spring and autumn, and the lingering sadness; Its forms are mostly graceful, gentle, implicit, harmonious and harmonious. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Shen Yifu's Yuefu Fan Zhi marked four criteria for writing lyrics: "The melody should be coordinated, and if it is not coordinated, it will grow into a short poem; The next word is elegant, while the indecent word is almost entangled; Words should not be too explicit, straight and without deep flavor; Don't be too ambitious. If you are tall, you will be crazy and lose your softness. " It can be said that it is a summary of graceful and restrained artistic techniques.