The UNESCO World Heritage Committee is an intergovernmental organization, consisting of 265,438+0 member countries. It meets once a year to decide which heritages can be included in the World Heritage List, and to supervise and guide the protection of the listed world heritages. The Committee consists of seven members, and the presidium of the World Heritage Committee meets twice a year to prepare for the work of the Committee.
The World Heritage Committee mainly undertakes four tasks: 1. To be responsible for explaining the definition of world heritage when selecting cultural and natural heritage sites listed in the World Heritage List; 2. Review the World Heritage Protection Report. When the heritage is not properly handled and protected, the Committee allows the state party to take special protection measures; 3. After consultation with relevant States parties, the Committee decided to include the endangered heritage in the List of World Heritage in Danger; 4. Manage the World Heritage Fund (World Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection Fund).
Provide technical and financial assistance to countries that apply for assistance to protect their heritage. The Convention provides for the establishment of.
By the end of 2002, 175 countries or regions in the world have joined the World Heritage Convention, which is one of the conventions with the largest number of countries. Since 1985 China became a party to the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, China and UNESCO have always maintained a good cooperative relationship in the field of world heritage protection.
(II) Concept and Types of World Heritage The symbol of the World Heritage Convention symbolizes the interdependence between cultural heritage and natural heritage. The square in the middle is the shape created by human beings, and the circle represents nature. The two are closely linked.
This sign is round, symbolizing the whole world and protection. World heritage is divided into five categories: natural heritage, cultural heritage, the mixture of natural heritage and cultural heritage (that is, dual heritage), cultural landscape and intangible heritage established in recent years.
By the end of 2003, there were 754 world heritages in 128 countries, including 582 cultural heritages, 49 natural heritages 149 and 23 dual cultural and natural heritages. Cultural Heritage According to the Convention, cultural heritage can be classified into one of the following categories: cultural relics: buildings, sculptures and paintings with outstanding and universal value from a historical, artistic or scientific point of view, elements or structures with archaeological significance, inscriptions, caves, settlements and the synthesis of various cultural relics; Buildings: individual or interrelated buildings with outstanding and universal value from the perspective of history, art or science because of their architectural form, identity and position in the landscape; Sites: man-made projects or masterpieces of man and nature and archaeological sites with outstanding and universal value from the perspective of history, aesthetics, ethnology or anthropology.
Any cultural heritage project nominated for inclusion in the World Heritage List must meet one or more of the following criteria before it can be approved: 1, representing unique artistic achievements and creative masterpieces; 2. It can have a significant impact on the development of architectural art, memorial art, town planning or landscape design in a certain period or in a certain cultural area of the world; 3. It can provide a unique or at least special witness for a disappearing civilization or cultural tradition; 4. It can be used as an outstanding example of a building, a group of buildings or a landscape to show an important stage (or stages) in the history of the visit; 5. It can be regarded as an outstanding example of a traditional place where human beings live or use, representing one (or several) cultures, especially under the influence of irreversible changes. 6. It is directly or substantively related to events with special universal significance, current traditions, ideas, beliefs or literary and artistic works. Natural Heritage The Convention defines natural heritage as one of the following clauses: from an aesthetic or scientific point of view, it is a natural appearance composed of geological and biological structures or such structural groups with outstanding and universal values; From the point of view of science or protection, geological and natural geographical structures with outstanding and universal values, and clearly defined ecological zones of endangered animal and plant species; From the point of view of science, protection or natural beauty, there are only natural places or clearly defined natural areas with outstanding and universal value.
Natural heritage projects listed in the World Heritage List must meet one or more of the following criteria and be approved: 1, which constitutes an outstanding example representing an important stage in the history of earth evolution; 2. It is an outstanding example representing important geological processes, biological evolution processes and the relationship between human beings and the natural environment; 3. Unique, rare or wonderful natural phenomena, landforms or areas with rare natural beauty; 4. Habitats of existing rare or endangered animal and plant species. The concept of cultural landscape was put forward at the16th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee held in Santa Fe, USA in February, and was included in the World Heritage List.
Cultural landscape represents the "works of nature and human beings" expressed in Article 1 of the Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The choice of cultural landscape should be based on its outstanding and universal value, the representativeness of its clearly defined geographical and cultural areas and its ability to reflect the basic and unique cultural factors of these areas.
It usually embodies the modern technology of sustainable land use and maintains or enhances the natural value of the landscape. Protecting the existing cultural landscape helps to protect biodiversity. Generally speaking, there are the following types of cultural landscapes: landscapes designed and built by human beings.
Including gardens and parks built for aesthetic reasons, they are often (but not always) associated with religious or other memorial buildings or buildings. Landscape of organic evolution. It originated from the initial social, economic, administrative and religious needs, and developed into the present form through the connection or adaptation with the surrounding natural environment.
It also includes two subcategories: one.
2. Poetry about World Cultural Heritage
Bamboo clouds covered the ground all the way.
Half-curtain flower shadow moon cage yarn (Job Building, Beijing Summer Palace)
The tree is red, the tree is blue and tall.
Smoke is light and thick, and autumn is far and near (Zhenwutang, Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan)
Four-sided lotus and three-sided willow
One City, Mountain and Half City Lake (Daming Lake, Jinan, Shandong)
The breeze and bright moon are priceless.
Close to the water tower, get the moon first (Canglang Pavilion, Suzhou, Jiangsu)
Five mountains come back without looking at the mountains.
Huangshan returns without looking at Yue (Huangshan, Anhui)
The gains and pains of the king's three visits to his country;
Talk about ancient and modern feelings
(
Chengdu Wuhou Temple
)
World cultural heritage couplets
The first line of the couplet on the scroll
：
Yi du Wei Jiang qi zong men fa Zhu
The second line of the couplet
：
Nine-year-old meditating on the wall
(
Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng, Henan Province
)
The first line of the couplet on the scroll
：
In spring, the three islands are warm and the clouds are thick.
The second line of the couplet
：
There are many bright moons in the sky.
(
imperial capital
)
The first line of the couplet on the scroll
：
Bamboo clouds covered the ground all the way.
The second line of the couplet
：
Half-curtain shadow moon cage yarn
(
Beijing Summer Palace Job Building
)
The first line of the couplet on the scroll
：
The breeze and bright moon are priceless.
The second line of the couplet
：
Get the moon first by being close to the water.
(
Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou, Jiangsu
)
3. A famous ancient poem about the inheritance of ancient civilization: Where are the evocation couplets in the doctor's temple in San Lv, Shayuelu, and where are the herbs still born? At that time, Xiang Liu should know the heart of Jiuge. Teng's couplets are thousands of miles away Curious literature is appreciated, and people are all alike in water and sky. Hunan Yueyang Tower couplets, lakes and mountains. There is a skeleton in the cupboard. He Zizhen of Yueyang Tower wrote He Qi, his five-word swan song, and Fan's two words of affection. Teng is full of everything, and Lv Chunyang will pass the test three times. Ruye? Official? Ye Xian? Where were those lost times before me? I was in tears. Try it, gentlemen. There is real meaning in this. It is Xiaoxiang in Dongting Lake, Wuxia in the north of the Yangtze River, refreshing Baling Mountain in the west and a cliff in the east of Yuezhou. Those who live, wander, dominate and live in towns. Who can read it? Hangzhou Yuefei Tomb has the honor to bury the loyal bone in the Castle Peak Union. White iron casts innocent courtiers. A man named Qin inscribed the statue kneeling in front of the tomb. I'm ashamed that my surname is Qin Wei. Guo Moruo wrote a pair of couplets about ghosts and gods in Pu Songling's Liaozhai in front of the tomb, which is superior. I am greedy and cruel, and I am impressed. There is no clear couplet method for outsiders in the main hall of Baoguang Temple in Xindu, Sichuan.
4. The related poem of China Heritage is called Two Views on Tang Fu, Du Guangting.
Climb to the top of the mountain empty, and the bamboo hall and cloud floor force the sky. The ancient cave is deep in grass and slightly paved.
I wonder when the old inscription will be destroyed. Outside the eaves of Bazhou, Wan Li is hazy.
Since it is easy to change the world, why does Pengdao visit Zhenxian?
I used to walk with the clouds and water in this mountain. I went upstairs to the top of the mountain. You must be interested in landing in September.
It's sad to be apart for seven years. Trees and mangroves have high and low shadows, light and thick smoke, and autumn is far and near.
I don't need to go to the incense burner for a while, but I will accompany the sky into China.
"The trees are red, the trees are blue, the shadows are high and low, the smoke is light and thick, and it is far and near autumn."
The scenery written in Ming Dynasty describes the smoke scene of trees and maples around Tang Fu Temple.
Write about life in secret, and write about understanding. This multi-tone shadow and smoke is the confusion of autumn and the author's life. "It's so sad to be separated for seven years", which expresses his sigh about the confusion of life. I realized that everything in the past was a "fork in the road", so "there is no need to go", so I "stayed in the sky and cultivated the world", accompanied the Buddha to practice, stayed on the blue light and returned to the right path.
Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Hubei:
Write a poem, and the two will last forever;
Linjiang Tunhan, the first floor of Sanchu.
Daming Lake Trade Union in Jinan, Shandong Province:
Four-sided lotus and three-sided willow;
A city with mountains and half a city with lakes.
Zuiweng Pavilion in Chuxian County, Anhui Province:
Weng has been gone for eight hundred years, and his hometown is still drunk;
Six or seven miles in the mountains, the pavilion is not alone.
Wang Teng Pavilion in Nanchang, Jiangxi:
Still very popular in Yaoshan, I want to see the emperor in the pavilion;
Andrew braved the wind and waves, attracting talents from the river.
Kunming Black Dragon Pool Association:
A pool of water, ten thousand trees and plum blossoms;
It's foggy and rainy at four o'clock.
Badaling
(Ming) Xu Wei
Badagaopo 100 feet strong, even the desert is deserted.
Buildings are everywhere, and the castle is foggy yellow all year round.
5. What sentences describe cultural heritage? 1, 5000 years of wind and rain, passed down from generation to generation. Drinking the water from the Yellow River and standing at the mouth of the Yangtze River, I was deeply moved, and the historical origin of China was spread.
2, look at the altar, dry spinning Kun Ding. God is powerful and tolerant. Before the ancients were visible, the newcomers were visible. The contrast with Youzhou TV stimulated the ambition of the bug. The sorrowful soldiers will win, and China will prosper. Sun and Moon testify for my motherland, whether the wind is heroic for our nation. Step on the stars and fly over the turn of the century, driving Shenzhou to stand in the forest of powerful countries.
3. China has a history of 5,000 years, and people's deeds have been passed down through the ages. People in troubled times have no peace, and today's society enjoys peace. Today people talk about their happiness, and the descendants of the dragon have been truly passed down.
cultural heritage
Classification: tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage
Material and cultural heritage: cultural relics with historical, artistic and scientific values.
Intangible cultural heritage: various forms of traditional cultural expressions that exist in intangible forms and are closely related to people's lives and passed down from generation to generation.
China Heritage Day: the second Saturday of June every year.
Examples of cultural heritage: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City in Beijing, chengde mountain resort in Hebei, Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi, and Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong.
Top ten cultural heritages in the world: Egyptian pyramids, themis Temple, Mau Solas Tomb Temple, Terracotta Warriors, Zeus Statue, Fallot Lighthouse, Hanging Gardens, Colossus of Rhodes Island, Great Wall and Alexandria.
reference data
Liang sicheng. Construction and restoration planning of Confucius Temple in Qufu. Beijing: China Architecture Publishing House, 1984.