Lan Mao (1397--1476), courtesy name Tingxiu and nickname Zhi'an, was a native of Yanglin Town, Songming County, Yunnan. His ancestors were relegated from Henan to Yunnan. He was born in the 30th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1397). He came from a well-off family and was intelligent by nature. He was studious and studious since childhood and had a wide range of interests. He was well-read and "well versed in classics and history, and deeply studied Lian, Luo, Guan, and Fujian studies." He was extremely talented. . However, due to the corruption of the world and tired of official career, he did not take the imperial examination in his life. He lived in seclusion in the countryside, wearing commoners all his life. He taught in private libraries, collected medicines and practiced medicine. He often traveled to villages and villages, humbly asked the neighbors and elders, and collected prescriptions for medicines; he was not afraid of the severe cold. During the scorching heat, we traveled through mountains and rivers, tasted hundreds of herbs, identified medicinal properties, collected specimens, and drew diagrams. After decades of hard work, we did a lot of arduous work in collecting and organizing folk herbal medicines, and wrote "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" One book, about 100,000 words. After his continuous analysis and research, combined with many years of practical experience in treating diseases with the broad masses of the people, he wrote this valuable summary masterpiece. The book is divided into three volumes: the first, middle and second volumes. It contains 508 species of medicinal animals and plants, more than half of which are local Chinese herbal medicines in Yunnan. The styles are mostly: correct name, alias, nature and flavor, meridian distribution, efficacy, indications, application, usage, additional prescriptions, taboos, etc., which are described in detail one by one. The book is full of pictures and texts, and corrects many mistakes of its predecessors. Each drug is centered on discussing its return to bed and use; the listed nature, taste, meridians, and efficacy provide theoretical basis for clinical use; the main treatment, application, and accompanying prescriptions are the explanation of the drug's performance and efficacy. concrete embodiment. For the identification of herbal varieties and analysis of their curative effects, try to use physical objects and practical experience to confirm each other. This medicinal monograph with strong local characteristics and originality predates Li Shizhen (1518--1593)'s "Compendium of Materia Medica" by more than 100 years. It is an immortal masterpiece that inherits the pharmacological tradition since my country's "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" and is still used today. It has high academic and practical value. In addition, Lan Mao also summarized the long-term practical experience of clinical diagnosis and treatment by himself and his disciples and wrote two volumes of "Yi Men Lan Yao". This book outlines the dialectical principles and specific prescriptions of various common diseases, with accurate theoretical summary and concise text. . He advocated that the diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be based on reality and not stick to ancient prescriptions; clinical diagnosis must be comprehensive and careful, and one must not rely on one's own strengths; in treating diseases, it is necessary to correct the root cause and prevent minor changes. This reflects his hard-working, fearless spirit and scientific attitude of being rigorous in treating diseases and seeking truth from facts. In the hundreds of years after the book was written, it was hailed as the "Treasure of Central Yunnan" and was copied by doctors. It made great contributions to carrying forward the medical cultural heritage of the motherland and ensuring people's health.
? Lan Mao is not only a famous medical scientist, but also a famous poet. His poetry collections include "Zhi'an Yin Manuscript" and "Xuanhu Collection".
? Because he traveled through mountains and rivers all year round, collected medicine, and enjoyed the wonderful scenery of the Yunnan Plateau, he not only appreciated the natural beauty of mountains and rivers, but also appreciated the beauty of people’s lives. The ideological realm of his poems is reflected in his appreciation of the beauty of life. Combined with natural beauty. He realized that the beauty of life comes from social practice, and beauty is created by labor. He said in "Zhi'an Autobiography": "The eight poems on the right are different from joy and pain. Those who are aspiring to wealth will laugh at the pain; those who forget about snobbery will believe in the joy. Most of the time, the wind, frost, rain and snow are not worth it. "The body is suffering but the mind is not always worried." This is his optimism about suffering. He praised labor and the working people: "In ancient times, there were always heroes in farming and fishing." "Three spring rains have contributed to thousands of hectares of fields." This is the highest state of his worldview. It is the working people who have created a beautiful life, and the working people are the only ones who create a beautiful life. He is a hero, so he is never separated from the people or from labor. "Looking at the lofty peak of Nanshan Mountain, there is flowing water below. The grass is growing in the tree nursery, and the thatch is used as a character. It gathers traces to rest and swim, sweet and indifferent and deep. The gentle words of Juemei Zao are here, Xie Tiyun The mad couple indulges in his hobbies and forgets his excellence. He wears his compendium to amuse himself. He caresses the stream of light and sings and whistles. He stops teaching and plows. , giving up justice and ridiculing the picture?" He praised the mountains, appreciated the flowing water, was happy in the garden, settled in the hut, unmoved by fame and fortune, and was indifferent to the state of mind, "stopped giving lectures and plowed the hoe", "put on simple compilations to entertain himself" ", combining the beauty of nature with the beauty of life, and relying on the artistic creation of beauty, this is the starting point of his aesthetic thoughts and the lofty embodiment of his ideological realm. "The plum blossoms in front of the bright window, the bamboos in the snow, looking at each other in the clear dawn, I can feel my thoughts. At the end of the year, in the rock valley, I feel free and alone." This is a celebration of nature. Without a state of indifference, there would be no such tranquil mood. Without such tranquil mood, one would not be able to enjoy the fun among plums, bamboos and rock valleys, nor could one write such beautiful poems. When he was seventy years old, he wrote many modern poems, one of which reads: "From the age of joy and madness to the age of seventy, I have never been rich or poor. I spent my days reading thousands of volumes, sitting in front of the green mountains and drinking wine. I laughed all day long with no thoughts and feelings, There is always spring in the garden with flowers, and guests come and ask questions about his life, which is passed down to his descendants. "This is the result of Lan Mao's lifelong pursuit of luxury and enjoyment, despising the corruption of officialdom, pursuing a free life, and pursuing a life of labor. A portrait of beauty. "Laughing all day long with no thoughts, and having spring in the garden with flowers" is the realm of beauty he pursues, and it is also the ideological philosophy of his poems.
? Lan Mao not only made significant contributions to medicine and was highly accomplished in poetry creation, but he was also a phonologist. In the process of writing poems, he felt that previous works on phonology were incomplete because they did not take into account spoken pronunciation.
Therefore, he wrote a phonology work "Yun Lue Yi Tong", which is divided into 20 rhyme parts, which is in line with the spoken language at that time and the arrangement is also very scientific. "Siku Synopsis" commented that his work "transformed the ancient method to adjust the dialect pronunciation", which was very popular and played an important role in the history of Chinese linguistics. Its characteristics are practicality and innovative spirit. He compiled 20 rhymes into an "early plum blossom poem": "The east wind breaks the early plum blossoms, and a branch blooms toward the warmth; no one can see the ice and snow, and spring comes from the sky." The poem is as clear as words, fresh and natural, making people read leisurely In the poetic context, I also memorized the pronunciation of 20 finals, which is easy to use and understand, so it has been spread far and wide. Bi Gongchen of Shandong Province in the Ming Dynasty praised: "Mr. Lan Zhi'an compiled the book "Yun Lue Yi Tong", which eliminated the complexity and simplified it, and it was as easy to read as a row of eyebrows. It benefited the later generations to learn more." It made people in Shandong "pass it on from family to family" Purchase it." Bi Gongchen even imitated this book and compiled it into "Yun Lue Huitong", which shows its great influence. Yuan Wendian, a Dian native in the Qing Dynasty, also said in "A Brief Introduction to Poems of Southern Yunnan": "In "Yun Lue Yi Tong", the two crosses of 'Early Plum Poetry' are taken as the mother, and those with four tones in full are ranked first among the ten, and those with no entering tone are ranked first. The ten rhymes are at the back, and the characters are derived from the mother. The sounds of all the characters can be understood by the leaves, and the method feels natural. "Lan Mao also wrote the book "Enlightenment of Rhythm", which is a rhyme book "appropriate for early childhood learning". .
? ——From "Chinese Regional Culture Series. Yunnan Culture"