Broadly speaking, Qu refers to all kinds of music that can be enjoyed since Qin and Han Dynasties, such as Han Daqu, Tang and Song Daqu and folk ditty. Usually, it refers to Nanqu and Beiqu since the Song Dynasty. The style of the same word is similar, but it can generally be inserted in the number of words, which is more free and more spoken. Can be divided into drama (or drama, including zaju, legend and so on. ) and Sanqu have been very popular since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Therefore, later generations have the name of Yuanqu.
Ci is an art form of poetry and a style of China's ancient poetry, also known as Song Ci, Qu Zi Ci, Poetry Idle, Long and Short Sentences. Nanliang, which began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China, was formed in the Tang Dynasty and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. At first, it was sung with music, so writing lyrics is also called lyrics, relying on sound. Later, it gradually became independent and became a special art of poetry.
There is a difference between production and genre:
How did poetry come into being? It turns out that before the formation of literature, our ancestors compiled rhymes in order to pass on the experience in the production struggle to others or the next generation for memory and dissemination. According to Mr Wen Yiduo's textual research, [poem] and [ambition] are originally the same word, and [ambition] belongs to [scholar] and [heart], which shows that what stops in the heart is actually memory. After the writing came into being, with the help of literature, there is no need for rote learning. At this time, all written records are called records. Desire is poetry. Have ambition in your heart and speak like a poem.
How did the title of the song come from? Poetry and songs are not the same thing Songs are produced by human labor at the same time, long before the formation of literature and long before poetry. At first, we only used sighs to express our feelings, such as ah, xi, oh, alas, and so on. At that time, these words were all pronounced with the same pronunciation: "ah". Song is a pictophonetic character, pronounced with "ke". In ancient times, [song] and [ah] were the same word, and the [ah] that people uttered in their labor was called composition. Therefore, the title of the song has been used.
Since poetry and song are not the same thing, why did they later be linked together and called [Poetry]? As long as we understand their relationship. At first, Song only used simple interjections to express emotions. With the appearance of language, people's understanding of objective things has gradually deepened and their emotions have become richer, so it is far from enough to express them with a few exclamations. So content words are added to the song to meet the needs. After the appearance of words, the combination of poetry and songs went further, and lyrics written in words appeared. At this time, a song includes two parts: one is music and the other is lyrics. Music is lyrical, and the lyrics are poetic and memorable. In other words, poetry is a song with music and a poem without music. The original poem can be sung with music. Songs are poems, and poems are songs. The combination of poems and songs has been discussed for a long time in China ancient books.
Preface to Mao's poems: "Heart is ambition, words are poetry." Emotions move in the heart and form in words. If words are not enough, lament. If there are not enough words, recite them. If there are not enough songs, I don't know how to dance. "Shangshu": "Poetry expresses ambition, but songs are silent", which vividly points out the internal relationship between poetry and songs. Because of this situation, people later called poetry and song side by side, but at present, poetry has become synonymous with poetry.
Summarize three points:
1, Yuan Qu has both words and songs, while Tang Poetry and most Song Ci have only words and no songs.
2. Because the tune of Yuanqu is lost, all we can see is words. Therefore, Yuan Qu Ci can also be regarded as a special kind of metrical Song Ci.
3. Judging from the style of poetry, Tang poetry is the most regular, Song poetry is more unique, and Song Yuan is the closest to life.