Three years as an anti-Qing soldier, defeated and imprisoned.
There are endless tears, who says the world is wide?
I already know the way to another spring, and I am really worried when I think of saying goodbye to my hometown.
On the day when the ghost man and soul are waiting to return, the spirit wants to see their homeland.
Xia Wanchun (1631-1647), a native of Huating, Songjiang (now Songjiang County, Shanghai), was born in Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty and died in Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty. He has been smart and studious since he was a child, with the ambition of helping the world and benefiting the people. He received a good cultural education when he was young. He knew the Five Classics at the age of five and was good at poetry at the age of nine. Influenced by his father Xia He and his teacher, he not only made great achievements in literature, but also took part in the anti-Qing struggle at the age of fourteen. Members of the Fu Society and Xia insisted on opposing the autocratic eunuchs of the imperial court at that time. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, they refused to look back at the Qing Dynasty, went to the national disaster and died in the anti-Qing struggle. After the defeat in Chen Zilong, Xia Wanchun joined another army as a staff officer, was arrested and imprisoned in his hometown of Songjiang, and was sent to Nanjing, where he died heroically. Like his father and teachers, he showed noble integrity until his death. He was only 17 years old when he was killed. The poem Another Cloud was written by him in prison.
"Clouds" means to bid farewell to hometown. "Cloud" is the ancient name of Songjiang. As can be seen from this poem, after he was arrested and imprisoned, he learned that he was going to be taken to Nanjing and wrote this earth-shattering and weeping poem.
This is a five-character poem, which is connected layer by layer, step by step and integrated.
"After three years of detaining tourists, he was crowned South today", which summarized his three-year experience from participating in the anti-Qing movement to being arrested and imprisoned. "Wandering", being a guest in another country. Twenty-two years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong: "I am an official." Du Pre-note: "Arrest, send also; Ok, guest also. " "Southern Crown", prisoner. It has the same effect as Dondero's poem "Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada", "Order me to exterminate the grass in prison". Canon "Zuo Zhuan Cheng Gong Nine Years". There is such a record in it: Jin Taishou saw a prisoner wearing a Chu hat in the military mansion and asked, "Who is the man who was tied up wearing a Chu hat?" The officer replied, "This is a prisoner sent by Zheng." "South Crown" originally refers to the crown cap, and later refers to the prisoner. I have been wandering in a foreign country for three years, and now I am a prisoner in a prison. The poet joined the army in Taihu Lake in the first year of Shunzhi (1644) and was arrested in his hometown in the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), which lasted for three years. In the past three years, he has been wandering around Taihu Lake, running around, leading the country regardless of family matters, exhausted and fed up with the suffering of "detaining tourists". 1647, due to the defeat, Xia Wanchun lost contact with relevant parties, hiding alone among the people, and was in danger. After all, he was unfortunately arrested and sent a gift of "Southern Crown". The great cause of anti-Qing dynasty was not completed, and my father's last wish to die for the teacher was not realized, so I was sad and angry.
"There are endless tears in rivers and mountains. Who said that heaven and earth are wide?" This couplet expresses resentment against the great rivers and mountains and the suffering of the people. The last sentence is a humanistic poem in the late Tang Dynasty. The last two sentences of the poem, "Autumn tears are infinitely high, and the boat is extremely confused", mean that in late autumn, he shed bitter tears and drifted around in a boat, and went astray in life. Xia Wanchun changed "Tears of High Autumn" into "Tears of Rivers and Mountains" to make it more solemn and solemn. When the poet saw the Qing soldiers ravaging the country and causing endless pain, could he not feel sad? "Tears of rivers and mountains" means that when people are hit by war, they live a life of national ruin and death, and even the fallen rivers and mountains seem to be crying for it. The country suffers, and the future is unknown! The poet's inner grief is vividly expressed through "endless tears on rivers and mountains". The next sentence borrows the poem "Who says heaven and earth are wide" by Meng Jiao, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, which gives him the meaning of worrying about times and thinking about chaos. Who says the world is vast? -this rhetorical question is the poet's deep anxiety about his failure to fight against the Qing dynasty. He thinks the world is vast, and he could have shown his patriotic ambition, but at this moment, his ambition has not been rewarded, even though he is not strong enough, he has no choice but to be imprisoned in prison. This shows how heroic the poet's feelings are!
"Knowing that the spring road is near, it is difficult to leave home", which shows the poet's attachment to his hometown. "Chundao" refers to the road to the underworld, which is a dead end. Zhao Huan's poem "Mourning for the Past": "The moon is rustling and the wind is blowing, and I am floating on the spring road." It's not that the poet doesn't know that he was sent to Nanjing this time, but his luck ran out and he was ready to sacrifice. He didn't have the idea of being fearless in times of crisis, didn't go to the execution ground for mercy, and didn't lament the hero's fate, but he had the deep feeling of leaving his hometown, so he knew that parting with this hometown would be a farewell. He found it difficult to say it, and he was very sad to look back step by step. Here, patriotic childlike innocence and the love of homesick children are unified. Some folks in his hometown miss him day and night, and he has a kind-hearted wife who can't let go. The land in his hometown is being trampled by the Qing soldiers, and his worries are getting worse every year. It is not a pity that he ended 17 years of life, but the people entrusted to him by his hometown in the future haunt his chest. The psychological contradiction between "knowing" and "wanting to leave" is enough to show the poet's love for his home country. How can you not make people cry?
"On the day when Yibo comes back, we will see the spirit flag in the air." This couplet shows the poet's strong determination to fight to the end. "Soul" refers to loyalty to the soul, which is taken from Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs of National Mourning": "The body dies, the soul is like a ghost, and the soul is like a hero", which means that the poet will be beheaded after his death to show his loyalty to the country. "Lingqi" originally refers to the flag used for conquering in ancient times, and here refers to the anti-Qing war flag. One day my soul will return to my hometown, and I will see the anti-Qing flag flying in the air. In "Mother in Prison", he talked about being reincarnated as a ghost after death to expel the Qing army, and issued an oath of "nightmare for seventeen years, revenge in the afterlife". Written in prison, I also expressed my feelings in "Away from the Earth Room": "This life has passed, and the afterlife still exists; Long live the Millennium, do not sell benevolence and righteousness; Nine days and eight watches will always be heroes. " This can be used as the best annotation of "A woman" and "Lingqi". Chen Zilong once lamented generously: "Where is the spirit of national mourning? I didn't know until I was summoned for ten years (the third of Liaodong's miscellaneous poems). As a loyal student, Xia Wanchun responded to the teacher with practical actions that he would rather die than rest, which shocked people's hearts and inspired people to rise up and resist!
Xia Wanchun, a famous young hero in Nanming, was frustrated and went to bed knowing that he would die, but he remembered his hometown and could not bear to say goodbye. What is revealed between the lines is that there is passion in sorrow and grandeur in sorrow. Its unyielding national integrity and magnanimous demeanor can be described as "life is a hero, death is a hero"!
The whole poem is brilliant in writing and brilliant in pen and ink, which is greatly admired under the influence of the poet's spiritual power of giving his life to fulfill the righteous cause and express strong feelings.