They used two languages at the same time in ancient times:
1. As the suzerain country and the Central Plains dynasty with troops, the popular writing is Chinese characters, which can also be used by local educated people. A large number of Han bamboo slips from the Han, Jin and later dynasties were found in Loulan site.
2. Followed by "Baluwen", which is the phonetic writing of Gandhara originated from India, Pakistan and northwest Afghanistan, and was used in the Western Regions until the 7th century.
Extended data
Loulan civilization-history
According to Biography of Dawan in Historical Records and Biography of the Western Regions in Hanshu, as early as the 2nd century AD, Loulan was a famous "walled country" in the western regions. Dunhuang in the east, Yanqi and Yuli in the northwest, Ruoqiang and Qiemo in the southwest. The north-south road of the ancient Silk Road diverged from Loulan.
China Institute of Western History of Wei, Jin and Liang Qian is located in the northwest of Lop Nur, Xinjiang. It was named after the Chinese documents unearthed from the site called the city "Kuluolaina", which was symmetrical with "Loulan" and "Lu Luwen". At the beginning of the 20th century, British Stein and others came here many times to steal and dig. After 1950s, China scholars made investigations and excavations.
The ancient country of Loulan is a powerful country among the 36 countries in the Western Regions, bordering Dunhuang and closely related to the Han Dynasty around A.D. The records of the ancient Loulan are based on the Records of Hanshu Biography of the Western Regions, Faxian and Xuanzang. "Records of the Western Regions" records: "Shanshan Kingdom, whose real name is Loulan, Wang Zhi Qianni City, goes to Yangguan for 1,600 miles and Chang 'an for 6,100 miles. 1570 households, 1.4 1 10,000 people. "
Fa Xian said, "The land is rugged and nothing grows. The layman's clothes are the same as those of Han, but the carpet is different in brown. Its king obeys the law. More than 4,000 monks know about Hinayana. " At the end of the trip, Genjyo Sanzo made a very simple explanation: "From then on, I traveled more than a thousand miles to the northeast, and I arrived at the old country's Jianbo, which is Loulan Land."
Baidu Encyclopedia-Loulan Ancient Country
Baidu Encyclopedia-Loulan Culture