In addition:
The original "I need your help" is a subject-predicate sentence with the pronoun "I" as the subject; The predicate is the predicate-object phrase "I need your help", in which the definite phrase "Your help" serves as the object of the predicate "I need it". Therefore, the original classical Chinese can be transformed as follows:
I, converted into the self-proclaimed pronoun "I"; Need, converted into the verb "need", because the word "need" in classical Chinese originally has the meaning of "need"; The phrase "your help" can be converted into "your help", which means "you help me".
So China's classical proverb "I need your help" means: I need your help.
I hope I can solve your problem.
2. What must I do to learn classical Chinese? Students began to get in touch with classical Chinese, which is a difficult point in Chinese learning. How can we learn classical Chinese well? Specifically, we should pay attention to the following points:
First, read more books. First, read more books. The seniors studied classical Chinese, emphasizing reading more and getting familiar with it. The so-called "reading a hundred times, its meaning is self-evident." After reading more and getting familiar with it, you will gradually master a certain number of classical Chinese words and understand some rules of sentence-making in classical Chinese. When reading aloud, the use of eyes, mouth, ears and heart can strengthen memory and enhance the sense of language.
Second, carry more. On the basis of reading aloud, recite as many texts as possible. It would be better if you can also reflect the charm and emotion of the original text in a cadence when reciting. Generally speaking, when a paragraph or sentence is put forward, we can immediately know which text it comes from and its meaning. This is the basic skill. As long as we persist in mastering some ancient language materials in a down-to-earth manner, we can get some rules for learning classical Chinese from them.
Third, remember more. The main research contents of classical Chinese include words, characters, grammar, phonology, rhetorical expression and stylistic features, among which words should be emphasized first. Remember more common words in classical Chinese, which is the key to learn classical Chinese well. This requires students to remember the meanings of words they don't know or can't say when reading and studying the text.
Fourth, practice more. Is to apply what you have learned at any time and integrate theory with practice. The main method of practice is translation. Translating the text is helpful to master the knowledge of classical Chinese and deepen the understanding of the meaning of words. We can translate this text into modern Chinese or spoken English. How to do translation exercises? There is a formula for translating classical Chinese, which may be helpful to students. The formula is as follows:
One is aimed at the front line, neither increasing nor decreasing. Literal translation is a principle, and free translation is not casual.
Classical Chinese has many monosyllables, so it can be changed with disyllables. Proper names should still be written, and idioms need not be changed.
Understand both sentence patterns and punctuation. There are redundant words in the original text, so the translation can be omitted.
The original text is omitted, and brackets should run through the whole text. Do you believe in Ada? Read three sides after translation.
Fifth, check more. That is, he is good at solving problems in classical Chinese learning with the help of reference books. Being able to use reference books is an important basic skill, an ability and a very important ability. Beginners of classical Chinese often encounter some difficult words, phrases, idioms, allusions, syntax and so on. In the process of reading, they must consult reference books in time to solve these problems.
In addition to the above five methods, we should pay attention to two points in learning classical Chinese.
First, we should pay attention to and grasp the differences between ancient and modern Chinese. The difference between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese is mainly manifested in the meaning and grammar. As far as the difference in meaning is concerned, there are two situations: one is the word that existed in ancient times but not in modern times, that is, the so-called "old saying"; The other is a word with different usages in ancient and modern times. As far as grammatical differences are concerned, there are three main situations: first, the flexible use of notional words, such as causative use, intentional use, noun flexible use as verb, adjective flexible use as verb and noun flexible use as adverbial; Second, special sentence patterns, such as judgment sentences, inversion sentences, passive sentences, ellipsis sentences, etc. The third is the usage of function words.
Second, we should actively accumulate some common sense about ancient culture, such as ancient timing methods, ancient laws and regulations, etiquette appliances and so on. In addition, a correct understanding of the rhetorical features of ancient Chinese, ancient common styles and their characteristics are all useful basic knowledge for learning Chinese.
Classical Chinese is easier to read than modern Chinese, but its memory capacity is slightly larger;
The first step: it is required to memorize the classical Chinese in class thoroughly in order to accumulate a preliminary internal language.
Step 2: Repeatedly train the common function words and content words in classical Chinese to form the ability to draw inferences from others.
The third step: the training of solving problems in modern Chinese reading must be in place. Because the comprehension questions of classical Chinese are exactly the same as those of modern Chinese, and they are simpler. It's just that the words used are difficult to understand.
Students who have just entered the first grade of junior high school are faced with learning classical Chinese, which is rarely touched by primary schools, and they feel bad and not fluent in reading. When you study classical Chinese, you will feel afraid of difficulties. How do freshmen learn classical Chinese well?
Learning classical Chinese not only requires students to translate word for word, but also requires students to understand classical Chinese sentence patterns and other ancient Chinese knowledge, read and recite, and try to understand the general meaning of each sentence by themselves.
3. What does need mean in classical Chinese? It is not easy to determine the meaning according to these two words, but according to the context. Here are all the explanations.
slow
① Wait. The Book of Changes requires divination: "The cloud is above the sky and needs it."
I hesitate to quote "Historical Records of Tian Ben's Family": "Need is also a thief."
2 stop; Please do not enter. Zhang Heng's Ying Jian: "Although the teacher" Qu Quan "and" If you enter the Tao and retreat ",you still need to do it."
3 need (later meaning). Song Shi Gao Dingxi Biography: "Changning is connected with foreigners, and all the needs of the public are respected."
What you need again. Yuan Shi Cheng Zong Ji: "Ma Xu, Shao Zhuwang, who contributed to the land, lived in Shangdu, Dadu and Longxing, and shared supply and demand with the people."
Nuouo
Pass on "cowardice" cowardice. "Warring States Policy Qin Ce II": "The weak need it, but the healthy don't need it."
4. What Chinese teaching should be paid attention to in classical Chinese is an important part of Chinese teaching. Classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of the college entrance examination. Students often ask, how to learn classical Chinese well so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, we can learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of the college entrance examination.
First of all, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated.
Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era of this person's life can we understand the connotation of his works.
For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu was "confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his reform ambition impossible and buried him in the river. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
Second, have relevant cultural common sense. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents are constantly evolving with the development of history.
Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, clothing and utensils, calendar criminal law, ancient book annotation style, etc., are greatly different from ancient times to modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can call them at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "solve the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation.
In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, keeping the heart of Dan to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the bones on the road freeze to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients with those of today, so as to try to figure out the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected by classical Chinese.
Fourth, grasp the teaching materials and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in textbooks: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic characters and different reading characters.
② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Sentence patterns in classical Chinese, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.
Reading classical Chinese requires writing methods to learn classical Chinese well, which is an important difficulty for us middle school students to learn Chinese well. Even in high school, classical Chinese is the main content of Chinese. There is no way to learn classical Chinese well. As long as you master the method, classical Chinese is as easy as picking up stones on the roadside.
It is impossible to read a classical Chinese without understanding its meaning. First of all, we need to use reference books to find words we don't understand. We need to remember the meaning of every classical Chinese. It's better to prepare a notebook and record the meanings of words we don't understand in turn, so that we can have our own "dictionary".
We should not only remember what we have learned in the text, but also remember what we encounter accidentally when reading. But it's not a long-term solution for us to write it down in the book. The most important thing is to keep it firmly in mind so that you can "browse" at any time.
This method is the most basic and effective way to learn classical Chinese well. If you are serious, you will not only understand the meaning of classical Chinese, but even write it.
In fact, classical Chinese is not difficult to learn. It's like learning a modern article, but it needs to be converted into a modern article. As long as you understand its meaning, you will basically learn it. Reciting classical Chinese is the most annoying thing for students. This is not as easy as reciting modern Chinese. Generally speaking, there is a lot to say by reciting classical Chinese, but as long as we master the methods, it is not so difficult.
First of all, we should know the basic meaning of each sentence in classical Chinese. Finally, we should read through the general idea of classical Chinese and know the central idea of the text, so it is not so difficult to recite it. As long as we learn and practice these methods, I believe that classical Chinese will no longer be our obstacle.
6. There are several explanations for "need" in ancient Chinese/
You can look it up in this online dictionary.
◎ Need xū
"Move"
(1) I know. The sound of rain "Need" means stopping and waiting in the rain. Original meaning: etc.)
(2) with the original meaning [waiting]
Need, must also. -"Easy Need". Chuan: "Those in need, wait."
Nie Xuwen needs service. -"Zhuangzi Generation Master"
Jiujiang needs to go to Lushui and Yihonglian in the next few years. -Song Lou key "Send Yuan Gong An to Jiangzhou Festival"
Give a few examples and make a good choice. -Bao Qing Chen Shi's "Wen Pu"
(3) Another example: the need for time (alternate officials fill vacancies according to their qualifications); Need a civil servant (waiting for the selection and employment of civil servants)
(4) need [need; Demand; Want]
Sporadic demand is also spent in the accounting room. -A Dream of Red Mansions
(5) Another example: distribution according to needs; Necessary; Demand (required cost)
Demand, demand
Just the day before yesterday, Mao Yanshou, referring to a painter, needed gold and silk everywhere. -Chen Ming Yuyang's "Zhaojun Out of the Plug"
Need, demand. -"Ancient and Modern Rhymes"
(7) Another example: extortion (extortion)
(8) hesitation; Wait and see [hesitate]
Too many rates, need to be a thief. -"Wen Xin Diao Long"
(9) Another example is the need to slow down (slow); Need to postpone (unable to go to work after appointment)
(10) should be; Inevitably [should]; Should; Inevitable]
Confucianism doesn't care about teaching, and it is poor from top to bottom. Can they go beyond this range? -Wang Qing Tao "The Original Road"
(1 1) needs
7. Is it necessary to memorize all the classical Chinese in junior high school? I often tell students, including the students I am teaching and now in Grade Three, that they must read more and recite more when learning classical Chinese. Students don't think so, but they can't really agree that these simple words are the magic weapon of learning. Of course, when I say back, I mean further sorting out and remembering on the basis of understanding. In fact, if you can really read more and recite more, and recite it seriously, experts always say that it is unnecessary to recite it, but I always think it is necessary to recite comments. The most direct reason is that we have to take the senior high school entrance examination. Speaking of the senior high school entrance examination, we have to memorize it. Some people may say that we are engaged in exam-oriented education, but what is wrong with the exam itself and the content of the exam? Which Chinese teacher only recites to students in our actual teaching? Aren't they all consolidated on the basis of knowledge and understanding? I think the annotation under endorsement is not outdated and retrogressive, but what students really need. When a student reads a classical Chinese for the first time, it will naturally reduce his reading difficulty if he encounters a word annotation that he has memorized. Students' sense of achievement is self-evident when they use their memorized knowledge instead of repeatedly consulting notes and reference books to understand the main idea of the article. This sense of accomplishment will encourage students to further accumulate more knowledge of classical Chinese. So as to truly gain the basic ability to read classical Chinese. If we only recite the text and just want to know its general meaning, then the study of classical Chinese will always be vague and chaotic! The most direct consequence is that after junior high school students go to high school, even the basic content words and function words in classical Chinese are blurred, and high school teachers will be mad. Don't think that letting junior high school students recite more things will increase their pressure. Think about our own learning experience. Many memorable things are accumulated in primary school or junior high school, and many things recited in high school are not as solid as those recited in childhood. So what's wrong with letting students accumulate more knowledge when they have the best memory? It's really not a heavy burden to learn a classical Chinese in a week or two so that students can recite it completely.