Zhu, also known as Zhong Hui, was called Huian, later called Huiweng, and later called Zhu Wengong. Originally from Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture, he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture. Famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, representative of Fujian School, master of Confucianism, Buddha named Zhu Xi. Zhu is the only person who is not a disciple handed down by Confucius, but likes to visit the Confucius Temple. He ranks among the twelve philosophers in Dacheng Hall and is worshipped by Confucianism. Zhu is a student, a disciple of Cheng Er, and is also called Pai with Cheng Er. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism had a great influence on the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and became the official philosophy of the three generations. He is another person after Confucius in the educational history of China.
Brief introduction of Zhu's life
Zhu, with a dark personality, was later known as Zhu Wengong because posthumous title was a "Wen", a famous philosopher, educator, thinker and poet in the Song Dynasty, and a representative of Fujian School. The following is a brief introduction to the life of Zhu, a philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty. I hope you like it!
Brief introduction of the poet:
Zhu, also known as Zhong Hui, was called Huian, later called Huiweng, and later called Zhu Wengong. Originally from Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture, he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture. Famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, representative of Fujian School, master of Confucianism, Buddha named Zhu Xi. Zhu is the only person who is not a disciple handed down by Confucius, but likes to visit the Confucius Temple. He ranks among the twelve philosophers in Dacheng Hall and is worshipped by Confucianism. Zhu is a student, a disciple of Cheng Er, and is also called Pai with Cheng Er. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism had a great influence on the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and became the official philosophy of the three generations. He is another person after Confucius in the educational history of China.
/kloc-at the age of 0/9, Zhu took the Jinshi exam. He once served as Governor of Nankang, Jiangxi, Governor of Zhangzhou, Fujian and Governor of East Zhejiang. He is an honest official and promotes the construction of academies. This official worships Huan's attendance system and gives lectures to the emperor.
Zhu Zhu is the author of Notes on Four Books and Sentences, Notes on Taiji, Notes on General Books, Readings of Zhouyi, Notes on Chu Ci, etc. Later generations compiled Zhuzi Daquan and Zhuzi Xiang. Among them, "Notes to Four Books and Chapters" became the standard of textbooks and imperial examinations.
The poet's achievements:
Neo-Confucianism, also known as Taoism, is a theory aimed at studying the meaning of Confucian classics, that is, the so-called study of righteousness.
In the Song Dynasty, Zhu's academic attainments were the deepest and most influential. He summed up the thoughts of predecessors, especially Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, and established a huge Neo-Confucianism system, which became the representative work of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. His achievements were praised by later generations, and his thoughts were regarded as official studies, while he himself was mentioned as a saint with Confucius and was called "Zhu Zi". Zhu wrote the original meaning of the Book of Changes, listing the map of Heluo and congenital, and co-edited The Understanding of Yi with disciple Cai and his son, explaining the theory of Heluo's congenital, which was used by later generations to explain Zhu's congenital thought of Heluo.
In Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, it has always been the official philosophy of the feudal ruling class, which indicates that the ideology of feudal society is more complete. In the second year of Yuan and Qing Dynasties, the imperial examination was resumed, and it was ordered that Zhu's Notes on Four Books and Sentences should prevail, and Zhu Weike cited the outline. In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Zhu et al. took the imperial examination. Zhu Xue became the spiritual pillar to consolidate the ruling order of feudal society. It strengthened the "three cardinal guides and five permanents" and hindered the later changes in feudal society. Zhu's theory also had a far-reaching influence on Wang Yangming's psychology in Ming Dynasty. Wang Yangming's thought of unity of knowledge and action is a breakthrough on the basis of Zhu's philosophy.
Character evaluation:
Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty called Zhu: a subject that has been studied for thousands of years and hundreds of millions of years.
Huang Xiezai, a student of Zhu, said: Taoism spread from Meng to Meng, and then to Zhou, Cheng and Yu Xiansheng. ..
Xin Qiji, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: Immortal people will be immortal. What do you mean, dead, still alive.
Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: Some people have the heart to donate 100 corpses and nine plains, while others shed tears into the East China Sea. The road has been repaired and I am lost. The public never dies, but they still enjoy it.
Fan Jiang in the early Qing Dynasty: Hui Weng was a disciple of Confucius and Mencius and a master of Confucianism.
Phoenix. As a knowledgeable scholar, Zhu has many aspects worth learning by future generations. He never tires of learning all his life, never tires of teaching others, is knowledgeable, rigorous in his studies and rich in books. He has made great achievements in exegesis, textual research, annotation of ancient books and collation of documents and materials. In addition, he also conducted extensive research on many natural sciences such as astronomy, geography, law and calendar. As an official in feudal society, he tried to maintain that system, but at the same time he could observe people's feelings, oppose those who extorted money and harmed the rich, and dared to fight against the illegal acts of corrupt officials and local gentry. During his tenure as a local official, Zhu also did some useful work to stabilize people's livelihood, such as relieving famine and encouraging production. Among the officials in feudal society, he was an upright and promising man. Finally, it should be pointed out that Zhu is also one of the famous educators in the history of education in China.
Poets in Song Dynasty wrote in Huang Richao: Hui 'an is a collection of notes, which is the revival of ancient exegesis. The meaning of the words is clear first, which makes this article calm and easy to understand, and then gives its gist.
Joseph Needham, British historian of science and technology: Zhu was a naturalist who made in-depth observation of various natural phenomena.
All, a Qing people: to the vast, to the subtle, to the eternal. The study of Jiangxi and Yongjia in eastern Zhejiang is not inevitable, but it cannot be generalized.
Joseph Needham, a British modern biologist: ① When we further investigate this delicate natural system, we have to admit that the concepts studied by philosophers in the Song Dynasty are no different from those used in modern science. (2) At least the world outlook of Neo-Confucianism and the viewpoint of natural science are extremely consistent, which is impossible to doubt. (3) Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty is scientific in nature, accompanied by all kinds of pure scientific activities and unprecedented prosperity of applied science itself.
Brief introduction of Zhu's life
Zhu, also known as Zhong Hui, was called Huian, later called Huiweng, and later called Zhu Wengong. Originally from Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture, he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture. Famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, representative of Fujian School, master of Confucianism, Buddha named Zhu Xi.
Zhu is a student, a disciple of Cheng Er, and is also called Pai with Cheng Er. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism had a great influence on the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and became the official philosophy of the three generations. He is another person after Confucius in the educational history of China.
/kloc-at the age of 0/9, Zhu took the Jinshi exam. He once served as Governor of Nankang, Jiangxi, Governor of Zhangzhou, Fujian and Governor of East Zhejiang. He is an honest official and promotes the construction of academies. This official worships Huan's attendance system and gives lectures to the emperor.
Zhu Zhu is the author of Notes on Four Books and Sentences, Notes on Taiji, Notes on General Books, Readings of Zhouyi, Notes on Chu Ci, etc. Later generations compiled Zhuzi Daquan and Zhuzi Xiang. Among them, "Notes to Four Books and Chapters" became the standard of textbooks and imperial examinations.
Extended data:
He integrated the essence of Confucianism and his own educational thoughts into family rules and family instructions, which had a far-reaching impact on Zhu's descendants.
Zhu Jiaxun is a famous family motto left by Zhu in his later years. The full text is just over 300 words, which tells about the responsibilities and obligations that individuals should bear in the family and society, and brilliantly expounds the way of self-cultivation. Family precepts outline philosophical and speculative moral and ethical thoughts in simple language, which is Zhu.
Throughout the family training, the sentences are neat, the words are clear and smooth, full of appeal and profound life wisdom. Zhuzi's family instruction is the general program of family management theory, which has been developed and expounded in later generations. For example, Zhu Bailu, a descendant of Zhuzi in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, wrote Zhu Bailu's family instructions on the basis of Zhuzi's family instructions.
When Zhu sent his eldest son, Zhu Shu, to study in Jinhua, Wuzhou, he also wrote a family letter "Learning from Children". In his family letters, he earnestly taught Zhu Shu to study hard, make good friends, and his love for his son jumped to the page and became a famous family letter.
In addition, Zhu also compiled a book "What Children Should Know" for disciplining children, and educated children to develop good living and study habits from aspects of dressing, eating, talking, walking, reading and writing. This book later became one of the important teaching materials of enlightenment.
Baidu encyclopedia-Zhu